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There’s a reason for playing billiards too badly. The exclusive cheats teach you how to clear the table with one shot.

"Source: Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences"
Whether table tennis is good or not depends on fate, and some people believe in "making great efforts to make miracles".
Some people think that through constant practice, they can naturally master those wonderful hitting angles and achieve perfection.
Do you know how hard I work?
But in fact, the way of hitting the ball and the trajectory of the table tennis game contain rich knowledge of mathematics and physics. This knowledge controls the trend of table tennis, and you can also become a master of table tennis by mastering these theoretical knowledge.
Essential knowledge 1: sine theorem
If we regard point A as a white ball, point B as a target ball and point C as a hole, how can we achieve the goal?
At this time, understanding the sine theorem can help you find the best goal plan. The formula of sine theorem is as follows:
In this formula, r is the radius of the circumscribed circle of the plane triangle ABC.
Essential knowledge 2: cosine theorem
Similarly, in any triangle in the above picture, the rational use of cosine theorem formula can also help you find the best scheme to hit the ball B into the hole C with the white ball A.
The cosine theorem is as follows:
Essential knowledge 3: reflection theorem
As shown in the above figure, red is the initial motion line of the ball, blue is the reflection line of the ball, the gray rectangle can be regarded as the edge library of the table, and the purple midline is the normal vector in the middle of the interface, so the following hypothetical figure can be obtained:
Through this reflection pattern hypothesis, we can better imagine the trajectory of the ball after hitting the library.
Essential knowledge 4: collision principle
① Frontal collision (completely elastic)
After the collision of two objects, the kinetic energy and momentum of the system are conserved, and there is no additional energy conversion.
The conclusion is:When the two balls have the same mass, the speed of the two balls will be exchanged after a completely elastic ideal frontal collision.
② frontal collision (totally inelastic)
Inelastic collision means that a part of the kinetic energy of objects is converted into internal energy before and after collision, while completely inelastic refers to converting kinetic energy into internal energy as much as possible, that is, two objects move at the same speed together.
③ Actual collision
The actual collision is a mixture of completely elastic and completely inelastic collision. If the velocity of the two balls is defined as V1,1, V2, 1 after a complete elastic collision; Before the collision, the speed of the two balls was V1,0, V2,0, and the recovery coefficient of the resin material used in billiards was k (the recovery coefficient of good materials was k≈1), so there were:
When k=0, it is completely inelastic collision, and when k=1, it is completely elastic collision. For an actual collision problem, the transformation of velocity and internal energy after two balls collide can be expressed by k, which is specifically expressed as:
In addition, it includes image vector decomposition; General situation and special situation of two-dimensional collision; Rigid body dynamics; Rotational inertia and rotational energy: rotational inertia of homogeneous sphere, law of rotation; Friction: a series of necessary knowledge points such as static friction, sliding friction and rolling friction …
Aiming technique
After a long and boring basic theoretical knowledge, you must be a patient and persevering table tennis enthusiast, and you also have the theoretical basis for learning more skills. Then if you want to master the secret of how to hit the ball in actual combat, aiming technology is the main content to be learned next.
I believe everyone understands a truth. When we observe an object, the closer it is to us, the bigger it will look. If it is farther away from us, it will look smaller. In fact, the actual size of the object has not changed. This is the so-called visual effect.
The visual effect will affect our judgment on the size of the cue ball, thus affecting our aiming angle.
So when we aim at close range, we will subjectively think that the ball looks big, while it looks small at a distance.
Then there are two problems that need to be discussed: first, the influence of the cue ball getting bigger on the thickness of the shot; Secondly, how much will the distance between the center of the cue ball and the goal point and the center of the target ball make the cue ball look bigger?
First of all, we will explain the impact of hitting thickness after the cue ball becomes bigger as shown in the above figure, which shows the maximum overlapping thickness of the two balls, the big gray circle is the size of the cue ball after it becomes bigger, the radius is, the small circle is the original size of the cue ball, the red ball is the size of the target ball, the radius is, and the maximum overlapping radius of the small gray circle and the red circle is, so there are:
The second question has the following explanation about the distance between the cue ball and each ball center. As shown in the above figure, D represents the distance between the cue ball and the goal point, and the distance D0 between the cue ball center and the target ball center, and the angles α and β, then the relationship between the variables can be obtained as follows:
Walking technique
Finally, let’s talk about the topic that everyone is most interested in, which is also the advanced skill of table tennis game-walking technique. Walking technology is to control the motion track of the cue ball by hitting different positions of the cue ball.
0：Center pole/fixed pole, ideally, the cue ball will only slide without any rotation.
1：High/heel/topspin, cue ball rotates forward, which has following effect after collision.
2：Low shot/shrinking shot/backspin ball, cue ball rotates backward and travels backward after collision.
3&4：Side plugs, 3 and 4 represent the left and right respectively, and the cue ball rotates to the right and left respectively after the shot, which can change the rebound angle of the cue ball after hitting the library.
5：Left plug, the effect is the superposition of high pole and left plug.
6：Upper right plug, the effect is the superposition of high pole and right plug.
7：Left lower plug, the effect is the superposition of low rod and left plug.
8：Lower right plug, the effect is the superposition of low rod and right plug.
A：Stearns followed, and the distance followed after the cue ball hit the target was shorter than that followed by the high pole.
C：Stern retreats, and the distance that the cue ball retreats after hitting the target is shorter than that of the low pole.
B&D：Stensey, the cue ball changes direction after hitting the target.
By hitting the above position of the cue ball, the corresponding cue ball movement effect can be achieved.
After learning so many high-end knowledge and formulas, let’s get rid of the old concept of "making great efforts to make miracles". Many people always keep the same strength to hit the ball, which is not desirable. The strength of hitting the ball should be changed at any time with different situations. This requires long-term practice to accurately grasp the strength of the shot that should be adopted at different angles.
The above is the explanation of the formula and technology related to this table tennis game. Dear table tennis lovers, remember the formula and practice hard. "Clear the table with one shot" is not a dream!
END
Audit: Zhu Guangsi, member of Beijing Popular Science Writers Association.
Reprinted content only represents the author’s point of view
Does not represent the position of Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Source:Tadpole staff
Editor: Garrett
Reporting/feedback

Volleyball synthesis： the men’s volleyball team beat Japan 3-2 to qualify in a favorable position.

　　Xinhuanet Beijing August 14th Olympic Special (Reporter Shi Chundong Yi Ling) On the evening of 14th, China men’s volleyball team beat the old enemy Japanese team 3-2, occupying a favorable qualifying position in the group.


　　Twenty years after bidding farewell to the Olympic Games, China Men’s Volleyball Team entered the Olympic Games directly as the host. At present, the Japanese team ranks 12th in the world, and the China men’s volleyball team ranks 21st. In recent years, the records of the Chinese and Japanese teams have been evenly divided.


　　The 12 teams of men’s volleyball team in Beijing Olympic Games were divided into two groups to compete. Of the six teams in each group, the top four entered the top eight.


　　In Group A, China’s men’s volleyball team won the Venezuelan team narrowly, and only after winning the Japanese men’s volleyball team can it be expected to qualify. If you lose this game, it will be extremely difficult to win against the United States and Italy.


　　The game started at 20 o’clock that night, and more than two hours before the start of the game, the audience poured into the Capital Gymnasium. China men’s volleyball team was so powerful at home that it was deafening with the support of more than 12,000 spectators.


　　The starting lineup of China Men’s Volleyball Team is Shen Qiong, Cui Jianjun, Bian Hongmin, Yu Dawei, Yuan Zhi and Jiao Shuai.


　　The China team didn’t start as nervous as expected. Yuan Zhi’s diagonal smash and Cui Jianjun’s serve scored the goal, and the team entered the state quickly. In the second timeout, China led by 7 points. The Japanese team wanted to defend on the Internet, but the opponent’s heavy artillery was too strong. Japan made a mistake of 12 points in the first game. On the 16th, Yujie Ishishima served out of bounds and introduced the game into the game. Japan made another mistake: 25: 20.


　　China continued to exert his strength in the second game. In the second timeout, China led by two points. In this game, all the points of the China team were fully alive, and many good balls were played, and the players were very excited. China led by 3 points into the inning, but the Japanese team almost caught up with it by one point. Experienced Zhou Jianan called for a time-out to curb the opponent’s counter-offensive momentum. Yuan Zhi brought the game into the inning, and Yu Dawei took the lead at No.2: 25: 23.


　　The Japanese team that lost the game didn’t sink. In the third game, it changed its passivity, strengthened the supervision of China’s main attack and response, and focused on man-to-man interception. Score 7 points in a row in the middle game. As long as the China team attacked, they were stopped by their opponents, and Ren Qi, a free man, flew to save the ball, which was very tragic. Fourth inning: 17: 25.


　　In the deciding game, Zhou Jianan arranged for the new face to attack Fang Yingchao and the veteran to attack Shi Hairong in the third and fourth games. The score was 2: 3, and Chinese captain Shen Qiong killed again at No.4, followed by a one-man block. The China men’s volleyball team suddenly burst into unprecedented strength. Fang Yingchao became a top player on the Internet. At 9: 8 stalemate, his 3-position fastball and serve directly stimulated the team’s fighting spirit. The China team completely controlled the opponent with three blocks, and at 14: 10, Fang Yingchao’s 4-position winner sealed the victory.


　　"Win China! China will win "cheers, China boys embrace together, excited to shout.


　　Zhou Jianan, head coach of China Men’s Volleyball Team, said in an interview with Xinhua News Agency: "Today, the China team played its best level since the team was formed, and walked out of the strange circle of winning first and then losing for many years. The fighting spirit has been played out. At a critical time, I boldly launched a new face, which made my opponent very uncomfortable. This is also a reason for winning. "


　　China men’s volleyball team will also play against the United States and Italy in the group stage.

Editor: Wang Yuxi

Go to the grassroots in the Spring Festival and stick to it for a better reunion —— A note on the New Year’s Eve run of Shenzhen Express Takeaway Brother

　　Xinhua News Agency, Shenzhen, January 22nd Title: Stick to it for a better reunion — — Shenzhen Express Takeaway Brother’s New Year’s Eve Running List

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhao Ruixi

　　In the early morning of New Year’s Eve, Yang Lei went out on his electric car and was busy collecting and dispatching parts in several communities in Shenzhen Nanshan Science and Technology Park. This is his 17th year as a courier. He can’t remember how many times he received the delivery on New Year’s Eve. "After working as a courier, he didn’t go back to his hometown for the New Year."

　　On the morning of January 21st, at the gate of the residential area to be delivered, Yang Lei moved the boxes of express delivery out of the car. (Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Liang Xushe)

　　"My wife and two children are in Shenzhen. Many younger brothers’ families are not around, giving them the opportunity to go home. " Yang Lei said, "The company will also give rewards for going to work during the Spring Festival, and give compensatory time off after the holiday. My wife works in a supermarket and also works during the Spring Festival. Both children are in junior high school, they can understand us, and they can also heat their own meals and take care of themselves. "

　　This year, SF Express, where Yang Lei is located, set up a special incentive package and warm-hearted care activities for the Spring Festival totaling more than 400 million yuan to encourage employees to stick to their posts.

　　Yang Lei told reporters that the peak of receiving and dispatching parts is before the Spring Festival, and the workload during the Spring Festival is not too heavy. He, who is usually responsible for receiving and dispatching office buildings, went to support the receiving and dispatching work of residential quarters during the Spring Festival. In the four hours in the morning of New Year’s Eve, he received more than 80 tickets. "Under the superposition of various incentives, the Spring Festival can earn more than 10,000 yuan this month."

　　On the morning of January 21st, Yang Lei (former) was busy sorting express delivery. (Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Liang Xushe)

　　Near noon, Yang Lei was almost busy with the delivery task in the morning. At this time, Shen Jinfeng, a takeaway rider in Longhua District, got busy and rode his electric car between the restaurant and the community.

　　In 2021, Shen Jinfeng joined the US Mission and became a full-time takeaway in Longhua Minzhi District. He said: "Takeaway is an industry with more work and more rewards. As long as you are willing to pay, you will get a reward." In order to earn more money, he has chosen to stay alone in Shenzhen to deliver meals during the Spring Festival for two consecutive years.

　　Meituan has invested more than 500 million yuan this year as a subsidy for riders to stabilize their posts during the Spring Festival, including the subsidy for staying in the post, the red envelope for starting the Spring Festival, the red envelope for duty, and the subsidy for stepping back to work.

　　On New Year’s Eve, there were not many take-away orders. Until 1 pm, Shen Jinfeng sent out a total of 10 takeaways. "Although there are not many orders, the delivery fee per order is much higher than usual. I earned more than 9000 yuan in the Spring Festival last year. This year’s Spring Festival will get all kinds of rushing rewards, and you can earn more than 10,000 yuan. " Shen Jinfeng said, "earn more money and go back to your hometown in Anhui on the fifteenth day of the first month to reunite with your family."

　　In addition to strengthening the incentive mechanism for enterprises, the government has also taken action. Years ago, the relevant departments in Shenzhen made it clear that the express delivery and take-out during the Spring Festival would be subsidized by the municipal finance for each order in 1 yuan. Front-line workers in construction, tourism, sanitation, manufacturing and other industries can also receive corresponding government subsidies.

　　"Although the Spring Festival is not around my family, I am very happy to deliver the meal to the guests in time so that they can have a hot meal and have a happy year." Shen Jinfeng said.

　　Yang Lei said that nowadays, the society generally recognizes the courier brother more. During the Spring Festival, it is still relatively happy to ensure that residents receive the needed items in time and have a good year. "A package sent every day conveys a love." He said.

　　They are the epitome of tens of thousands of little brothers who stay deep in the post during the Spring Festival, contributing to the better reunion of others and working hard for their own better reunion. Shen Jinfeng said: "I believe that the good days are still behind!"

Depth ｜ The beauty market is crowded, how does Prada become a new dark horse？

深度 | 美妆市场拥挤，Prada如何成为新黑马？

There are still only a handful of luxury brands that really broke into the beauty market and shook the original pattern.

Author | Chen Huiyan, Drizzie

　

Prada broke the traditional thinking of luxury beauty with three levers.

　

In August last year, after the launch of "I am unpredictable" perfume, Prada beauty cosmetics officially launched the makeup and skin care series for the first time, and the matte lipstick with a price of 395 yuan became an annual explosion once it went on the market.

　

Only one month later, the cumulative sales of this Prada lipstick with platinum tube and square ring brand imprint logo in Tmall flagship store has exceeded 10,000 pieces, and as many as 10 lipsticks out of stock, including B03 ugly red brown, B101 plain nude brown, B103 light wine brown, etc., and ranked first in Tmall lipstick new product list for many days.

　

The latest sales page shows that the monthly sales of Prada lipstick has exceeded 12,000 pieces, and the monthly sales of two-piece suits have also exceeded 3,000 pieces. In Little Red Book, a popular beauty sharing platform, there are more than 10,000 notes about keywords such as "Prada Lipstick" and "Prada Lipstick", and the related topics of the latter have been viewed more than 20 million times, and the interaction of many notes is close to 5,000.

　

Although the lipstick effect still works, it is really hard for the industry to imagine that a lipstick, which has been officially published for less than half a year, can successfully tear a hole in the China beauty market where luxury brands and domestic cheap brands are in fierce melee, catch the eyes of consumers who are already tired of lipstick marketing and stand out in this attention battle.

　

Unique color matching is regarded as the primary reason for the popularity of Prada lipstick.

　

As a brand labeled as an intellectual, earthy tones, which is emphasized in Prada lipstick, reflects a cool sense of high intelligence and becomes the basic color that is trusted by social traditions as well as uniforms. Lynsey Alexander, a global creative makeup artist of Prada Beauty, said in an interview with LADYMAX of WeChat WeChat official account that the brown color in Prada lipstick corresponds to the meaning of uniforms to Prada, that is, everyday and classic.

　

深度 | 美妆市场拥挤，Prada如何成为新黑马？

Prada beauty cosmetics global creative makeup artist Lynsey Alexander

　

According to the makeup report released by Xiaohongshu in November last year, the popularity of lipstick with lower-key colors such as brown, brown and nude is soaring. In the macro environment of increasing uncertainty, the trend of abandoning publicity and embracing more classic styles exists not only in the fashion field, but also in the beauty market. From this point of view, Prada lipstick with neutral tones such as nude brown undoubtedly caters to the market demand.

　

The report also pointed out that with consumers’ more and more mature understanding of lip makeup, the functional requirements for lipstick are becoming more and more refined. Above the color, the moisturizing texture that does not show lip lines and does not dry is increasingly welcomed by consumers, especially considering that compared with the younger consumer groups of lip glaze, the target consumers of lipstick have higher purchasing power and higher demand for products.

　

In fact, lip dryness caused by lipstick, especially matte lipstick, has always been a difficult point for beauty brands to overcome. Lynsey Alexander admits that as a lover of retro red lips, she used to have to endure chapped lips almost all the time, but Prada lipstick brought the opposite experience.　

　

Although it is called matte lipstick, Prada lipstick has a unique soft and fuzzy matte lipstick texture due to the addition of Bifidobacterium extract and Jojoba oil, supplemented by high-tech technology to create a frosting texture. While nourishing the lips, it reflects a faint luster similar to Prada’s iconic recycled nylon.

　

From color matching logic to texture research and development, the product strength of Prada lipstick can be seen from this. In the seemingly colorful makeup market, only the core products can impress the increasingly rational consumers in China.

　

Prada Beauty, which successfully opened the market through lipstick, launched a brand-new Prada lipstick deconstruction nude series at the end of December, starting from nude brown, introducing four variable colors: plain soft powder, contrast reddish, deep rose purple and flexible earth color, thus forming a very layered color aesthetics. It is worth noting that the B107 naked brown in the new color has been shown out of stock in Tmall flagship store.

　

At the same time, Prada Beauty also announced actress Andy as the spokesperson of Prada makeup and perfume, and released lipstick blockbusters and series of short films performed by her. With the help of the star effect, Prada Beauty is continuously expanding its share in the China market.

　

深度 | 美妆市场拥挤，Prada如何成为新黑马？

Prada Beauty announced actor Andy as the spokesperson of Prada makeup and perfume.

　

It is reported that Prada Beauty Cosmetics held "Prada Speculative Aesthetics — — Special creative meeting ",Lynsey Alexander, the global creative makeup artist of PRADA Beauty, as a special guest of this creative meeting, started an aesthetic dialogue with professionals. Dr Xavier MARAT, skin regeneration laboratory of L ‘Oré al R&D and Innovation Center (French headquarters), also introduced the cutting-edge technology of brand skin care at the creative meeting. This is an important and complete appearance of Prada Beauty in China market after the perfume was released last year.

　

With the growth of the overall luxury market slowing down, it has become an industry consensus to build a diversified income structure. Thanks to its status as a cash cow, beauty cosmetics have once again become the focus of high-level brand attention.

　

In recent years, it is not uncommon for luxury goods group giants to set up beauty departments, or luxury brands to enter the beauty industry. However, it is rare for brands to break into this category in a real sense and shake the original pattern. Prada is one of them.

　

The success of Prada has revealed three new ideas for the operation of luxury beauty brands, namely, creativity first, technology empowerment and sustainable development.

　

First of all, in terms of creativity, the integrity of the aesthetic system has been raised to an unprecedented height, which is different from the narrative of luxury brands and authorized perfume beauty brands in the past.

　

For most luxury brands that authorize the beauty business to the professional beauty group, it is necessary to keep the beauty business matching with the brand image at all times, get inspiration from the fashion business, and strengthen the connection between products and core brand assets to solve the problem that the beauty business is out of touch with the brand story.

　

The practice of Prada beauty cosmetics provides a reference answer to this question to some extent. From simple packaging, the extensive use of the brand’s iconic triangle elements to the product concept that emphasizes speculation and innovation, Prada beauty products are highly consistent with the brand’s ready-to-wear line.

　

It is reported that Prada’s beauty products all use its brand-name fragrances, such as mustard flower, vanilla and iris flower, and the fragrance type is created by Daniela Andrier, the perfumer of Prada Watermark private perfume series.

　

The design of Prada lipstick is undoubtedly a benchmark example that closely follows the brand gene and continues its aesthetic system. In addition to the metal shell that echoes the avant-garde style of the brand, the triangular cut at the top of the paste, the Saffiano cross pattern engraved on the paste and the texture of the Re-Nylon recycled nylon fabric all come from Prada’s past iconic design.

　

When talking about the color creation of Prada Beauty, Lynsey Alexander said that the team reviewed as many as 27,000 kinds of pattern prints in the brand archives, and got the inspiration of TINT, and even directly extracted a series as a prototype to form a palette. This also explains why brown, a symbol of everyday classics, becomes the background color of Prada lipstick.

　

However, under the seemingly harmonious and conservative main color, there are imperceptible conflicts and rebellions. In the article "How to Understand Prada" written by WeChat official account LADYMAX, the author Tang Shuang once wrote that Pradism is rich and complex, with multiple levels, and even often fights with the accustomed aesthetics, constantly overlapping levels outside the solid base, reflecting vivid and interesting different personalities.

　

In Lynsey Alexander’s view, the unexpected purple, orange or green in the eye shadow tray is the embodiment of this complexity. They not only add interest to the classic elements, but also release free space for improvisation, encouraging consumers to go out of the comfort zone and explore new possibilities, even if they are contrary to daily aesthetics.

　

深度 | 美妆市场拥挤，Prada如何成为新黑马？

Prada Beauty held "Prada Speculative Aesthetics — — Special creative meeting "

　

"I think this is Prada’s philosophy, and there is no specific restriction on something." Lynsey Alexander’s understanding of Prada is largely due to her frequent meetings with Miuccia Prada, the current creative director of Prada. High-intensity communication ensures the relevance of beauty categories and brand themes, as well as the consistency of information conveyed by products.

　

However, moderate exploration does not mean complete change. Unlike many top makeup artists, Lynsey Alexander is not keen on changing a person’s own style. Accidents can be used as embellishments, but they cannot be the "main course". For her, people’s own sense of existence must be greater than makeup, and their own style cannot be erased by cosmetics.

　

This people-oriented concept has also been injected into the design of Prada beauty by Lynsey Alexander, emphasizing the preservation of personal characteristics, breaking through the traditional beauty thinking and becoming a reflection of the "speculative aesthetics" system.

　

Taking the foundation as an example, she believes that different from other liquid foundations that completely cover the skin, the foundation products of Prada beauty cosmetics should reveal the true beauty and take the amplification of natural beauty as the core concept.

　

In fact, this is in line with the global beauty trend. After the pursuit of tanning in the western market and the mainstream aesthetics of whitening in the east, the makeup trend with natural skin color as the core has risen. On social media in China, the popularity of keywords such as "plain water makeup" and "nude makeup" also confirmed this trend.

　

In addition to reshaping the thinking of beauty through creativity, the second important lever for Prada to pry open beauty is technology.

　

Lynsey Alexander admits that the competitiveness of beauty brands ultimately comes from technological innovation, and research and development often needs to rely on beauty giants with absolute advantages in resources such as laboratories and researchers. In 2019, Prada signed a long-term license agreement with L ‘Oré al Group, which came into effect in 2021. The latter was licensed to create, develop and sell high-end beauty products for Prada.

　

"The support of the big group provides a strong backing for the research and development of Prada beauty." For example, Lynsey Alexander said that the laboratory has tried many times to modulate a color between yellow and green, so as to ensure the accurate transmission of the emotional narrative that the overall color matching wants to express, and any lack of expressiveness will not be compromised.

　

Not only that, Prada’s reflection on the boundary between makeup and skin care is also obvious. Lynsey Alexander believes that the era when makeup has become a burden on the skin has passed, and makeup will gradually approach skin care. By injecting skin care ingredients into make-up, Prada Beauty has introduced products such as lipstick and eye shadow containing moisturizing factors, and promoted the blurring of the boundary between them with innovative technology.

　

深度 | 美妆市场拥挤，Prada如何成为新黑马？

The support of large groups has provided a strong backing for the research and development of Prada beauty cosmetics.

　

The active cream, which marks Prada’s ambition in the field of high-end beauty, also reflects the brand’s strong strength in product research and development by introducing a new skin care concept called "active".

　

According to reports, the day and night two-in-one cream formula contains the cutting-edge technology of "muscle comes from fitness" which has been developed for more than three years, accurately compounding three major components: 18% boson, 2% vitamin CG and 0.175% ceramide NP, so as to promote the progressive regeneration of collagen layer by layer and rejuvenate the skin in time.

　

In addition to creativity and technology, Prada Beauty also promotes sustainable development to a rare height in the industry as an important part of the triple operation idea. If creativity and technology are used as leverage to help Prada beauty break through the tight encirclement and determine its top line, then a responsible attitude is to create a solid bottom line for the series.

　

This is also the embodiment of the overall strategy of Prada Group, which has taken the concept of sustainable development as an important starting point in fashion, jewelry and corporate governance in recent years.

　

Reflected in the beauty series, not only in the design and packaging process, strict control of packaging materials, use of recyclable plastics, promotion of sustainable replacement packaging, but also traced back to the product formula. Take Prada Active Cream as an example. This iconic product follows a sustainable formulation process from raw material procurement to ingredient extraction, and does not contain raw materials from petrochemical industry. The replaceable supplementary design can save 86% of material consumption compared with repurchasing formal products.

　

But more importantly, as a brand that leads the market, the sustainable development of brands in all fields now not only depends on the improvement of their own technical practice, but also needs to guide consumers to adopt a longer-term thinking mode through product concepts with the help of brand appeal, and promote changes from both ends of the consumption chain at the same time.

　

In fact, many inspiring ideas implied in Prada’s first beauty collection can indirectly benefit sustainable development.

　

Dr Xavier MARAT, skin regeneration laboratory of L ‘Oré al R&D and Innovation Center, said at the creation meeting that "initiative" has a corresponding concept in the context of China, that is, "preemption" to prolong the healthy state of skin. It is often more efficient to intervene in layout in advance than to react passively to aging signals, especially in the field of skin care.

　

For example, before mixing the color of liquid foundation, Prada Beauty scanned 3,000 faces and their skin colors from different regions and races around the world. On the one hand, it can cover and understand the largest range of consumers, but on the other hand, it can be sorted and extracted into limited color numbers with the help of AI technology through dynamic filtering and other scientific and technological means, without causing excessive product quantity and inventory waste.

　

From fashion to fine jewelry to beauty cosmetics, the launch of beauty cosmetics series continues to complete Prada’s story, and also continues Prada’s ability to reconcile seemingly contradictory concepts such as art and commerce, elegance and popularity, idealism and consumer society and reality at any time. For brands that accurately balance the proportions, beauty is undoubtedly the freest palette and playground.

　

Release creativity, make good use of technology, and a responsible attitude, which are nested in a ring and become the golden triangle of Prada beauty.

　

There are still dark horses in the most crowded beauty market.

morePrada 　 Information of

In order to heat up the winter, the people in the south have made every effort.

　　When I was a child, I watched TV and felt that northerners were really particular about it. When I got home in winter, I had to take off my down jacket, coat and scarf and hang them on the shelf, and then change into a household suit before I started to do things.

　　Later, I realized that it’s not that they are particular, but that we can’t be as particular as they are, because it’s as cold inside as outside in winter. If we take off our down jacket before we do anything, it will be as cold as chaff in two minutes. Therefore, no matter how exquisite, it is just to replace the down jacket worn when going out with the old down jacket that can be ruined casually.

　　Really, Sichuan, including the winter along the Yangtze River valley, is really cold and unforgettable. Therefore, in order to heat up the winter, people are desperately trying to find a way. This year, all kinds of new heating artifacts have mushroomed, and even some "local specialties" have gone to the whole country.

　　electric heating table

　　We sat around the table, chatting and warming tea, which was very hot.

　　Before the Spring Festival the year before last, I went to a friend’s house in Guizhou to play. As we all know, it’s very cold in winter in Guizhou, but those people in their family are poised around a table after dinner. I don’t see them warming themselves, but they are calm and don’t feel cold at all. Later, I came to the table by accident, and suddenly I felt that the table seemed to be heating up, but because it was covered with a piece of cloth, I couldn’t see it at all. Later, they told me that the table was just heating up. I was surprised at that time, because I had never seen this kind of table in Sichuan, and I didn’t expect it. They told me to put my knee in and put my foot on the board under the table, only to find that the legs of the table were all very gentle and warm, but not too hot. And the whole family is sitting there, which is very pleasant when we were young and surrounded by a cage of firewood. They said that this kind of table is everywhere in Guizhou, and they baked it very early.

　　After I came back from Guizhou, I always wanted to buy this kind of table, but I didn’t see it anywhere in Sichuan, so I had no choice but to search online. When I searched online, I didn’t know what name to search for. In the end, I only thought of a "table for warming the fire" in general, and then I jumped out of an electric heating table. I saw that it was just that kind, and it was more advanced than my friend’s, and there was an electric ceramic stove embedded in the middle of the table.

　　Since I bought this electric heating table last year, I have entertained countless friends at home in winter. We sat around the table and warmed a pot of tea on the electric ceramic stove in the middle, chatting and drinking tea, which was very hot. Later, I even transferred reading, eating, and watching drama directly to this table. The study, dining table, and sofa all became furnishings. This warm table became the center of my home in winter.

　　Because this table was so comfortable, many of my friends later asked for a link from me and bought it willingly, including my mother, who has always been "stingy". After experiencing it once, they all bought one generously. (david lee)

　　Electric fire bucket

　　It’s so warm that I want to doze off when I do my homework.

　　Actually, although I just bought this thing this year, I saw it two years ago.

　　When I go back to my hometown every Spring Festival, I see my dad dragging this thing out of the corner as soon as he eats dinner, then taking off his shoes, stepping on the "wooden swing", and finally putting a special blanket on his knee, enclosing this square thing tightly, and starting to watch his TV series with rapt attention.

　　I was dumbfounded at the time — — How smelly it is to take off your shoes and put on your socks to warm yourself! Moreover, it is too low and too timid to "ride" the roast in such a poor and evil way! Don’t we people in eastern Sichuan always bake natural gas stoves? Take a tube from the kitchen and drag it to the living room for a long time. Everyone gathers together and can bake it in all four directions. The firepower is amazing. After baking for a long time or too close, my knees often hurt, and I feel that my pants are going to be baked. Isn’t this enough for his old man’s house to bake?

　　But my dad simply ignored my "disdain" and kept promoting its goodness to me: this is much better than a natural gas stove. First, it is electric and safe; Secondly, it has three gears, large, medium and small. Unlike natural gas stoves, it has no gears, and it is often blushed and swollen, but its feet are not baked. This is even the minimum gear, because it is surrounded by blankets, and the heat will not be lost. From the baseboard up, the whole lower body is hot. As the saying goes, "cold starts from the foot". When the foot is hot, the whole body is hot and comfortable. Now, most of the elderly in their hometown and county use this, which costs tens of dollars each. It is cheap and easy to use, and which one uses a natural gas stove. With a curl of his mouth, he looked very disgusted. He also encouraged me: "Go and buy one for Duo Er (my daughter, his granddaughter) to take back, lest her feet get cold when she does her homework."

　　I looked at my dad like that and rationally refused — — She baked this, so will she be doing her homework or steaming?

　　So, despite my dad’s mouth watering, I still insisted on not letting this treasure into my door. But this year’s double eleven, I don’t know which rib was wrong. When I chose one by one among the vast commodities, this thing suddenly jumped into my eyes. Because I am very dissatisfied with the little sun I bought before — — Really, the little sun is so angry that the leg near it is baked with fire spots, but the other side is not even warm, which is seriously uneven. Originally, I wanted to buy a heater that can shine on all sides in the mahjong hall, but I felt that the atmosphere was wrong, for fear that the children would think of playing mahjong as soon as they saw it — — It’s a small matter of heating, but it’s a big matter of delaying study. Forget it. At this time, I suddenly remembered what my father said, and thought that I would try it. Anyway, it’s only about sixty or seventy dollars.

　　In those days when I was waiting for the express delivery, I was filled with a feeling of anxiety and expectation every day. Finally, the goods arrived. I took off my shoes that day and tried it. Damn it, why isn’t it hot? I had to put a towel on my leg like my dad. This is terrible, the smallest file, I have read fifty pages on it, because it is too hot, I have to spend my feet to dry several times in the middle.

　　Give it to your daughter for her homework as soon as possible. I didn’t expect my daughter to use it for two days and said, "No baking, no baking, it’s so warm that I want to doze off when I do my homework."

　　Later, I learned that this electric fire bucket is a household name in Hunan. I didn’t expect to go out of Hunan and go to the whole country in recent years. A friend of mine told me: We went to my husband’s brother’s house for the Spring Festival last year, and his niece baked this, and the barrel well was a little deep. She sat alone in the barrel and made a dragon gate array with us. I was not used to it at that time, and I always felt like a baby taking a bath in a barrel!

　　Others said that their family bought the large-sized one. At night, the family of three took off their shoes to build a towel quilt and sat neatly on the sofa to catch up with the drama. I feel the happy picture twenty years ago, because this tacky electric fire bucket is back! (Tintin Sugar)

　　electric heat

　　Knee blanket

　　I tried it on my husband, and he immediately asked for a piece.

　　After living for almost half a century, people have come to Chengdu from Yunnan for more than 30 years, but they are still afraid of the winter in Chengdu. The cold frozen into the bone marrow is far away except the bed, and it is sad to think about it.

　　When I was a teenager, I was poor. I only had a small charcoal-burning drying cage to warm my hands. I was so cold when I did my homework that I never sat on a small bench. Mom had no choice but to take a big bath basin, fill a big glass bottle brought back from the unit infirmary with boiling water, put it in a small quilt, cover my feet and put them in the basin, but my hands and feet are still cold and frostbite every year.

　　Later, with the electric blanket, it was much better. In the future, with the small sun and oil, air conditioning is a must for every family. But for Chengdu people, air conditioning seems to be only in summer, and there is little difference between turning on air conditioning in winter and not turning it on, and the air is drier. So I discussed with my husband and said that our house should be replaced by electric heaters, just like your north.

　　Strangely enough, my husband is an authentic northerner, and he is extremely happy to come to Chengdu, where the winter is completely white. It is said that northerners are most afraid of winter in the south. Chengdu is so cold. He actually said to me, this is called cool! This is a joke to me from Yunnan, where the seasons are like spring.

　　Therefore, I am bent on making Chengdu’s home spring all the year round. Floor heating was not popular when the house was renovated many years ago. Now, if you want to install radiators, you can only install them openly, which involves knocking on the wall and making holes. This northerner from science and engineering began to tell me the truth from the principle of radiator, and the last meaning was that you can’t install it, and you can’t destroy the wall at home. Of course, I guess it is more likely to be reluctant to pay the electricity bill.

　　Well, I have to find another way and search on the Internet, as long as I can watch TV and read and write without stamping my feet. Finally, I finally found a heating artifact. This artifact is a charged blanket, but it is not an electric blanket for bed. It can be folded, cleaned and put on at will.

　　I bought it back. It’s a big blanket with plug-in and nine gears. It can be used as a shawl, waist protector and knee protector — — The lower half is two pieces, each with hidden buttons, which can wrap all the legs.

　　When my husband came home, he was surprised to see that I was not dressed as a bear as usual, but covered with a blanket and collapsed on the couch with a book in my arms, and the air conditioner was not turned on. I proudly showed it to him and let it try again. Now, he couldn’t get it back, and he strongly demanded that it be wrapped in a blanket. (Xiaoyun)

　　Skirting heater

　　Air conditioning+"baseboard", friends say when they enter the door, Oh, is your home decoration warm?

　　The house I live in was renovated in early 2013. At that time, the floor heating was a bit expensive. In addition, the previous house faced west and was bathed in the sun in the afternoon, and the area was not large, and the air conditioning was also effective. Therefore, when decorating this house, the heating problem was not considered too much.

　　I didn’t know that when I moved in, I found that the house was big, and the direction was just north. In winter, there was no sunshine at all, and people were not so young. When the temperature dropped sharply in winter, I wanted to fly to tropical islands to swim every day.

　　I didn’t know whether I was young or I used my mobile phone and computer less. I didn’t feel so dry when I turned on the air conditioner. In the present house, the air conditioner in the living room is facing the sofa. As soon as the air conditioner is turned on, the wind blows at people. In summer, it is fine and cool, but in winter, it is annoyed. It is like a fire in winter, which makes people almost dehydrated. Even if the direction of the air outlet is adjusted, the effect is not great. I always stay in a dry circle and sit on the sofa and watch TV. In less than half an hour, my eyes are as dry as Sahara desert. So sometimes I’d rather wear thick clothes than turn on the air conditioner, and put a blanket on my legs like the grandparents in the cartoon. I usually like to invite friends to dinner at home, but I dare not invite my friends in winter, because they all say that my air conditioner is too weak, just blowing the sofa and sitting in the dining room to eat, which is chilly.

　　It’s not that I haven’t thought of a way. I bought an oil tin, and the effect is different. Anyway, I am a little overwhelmed. The electricity consumption made me suspect that someone had stolen electricity.

　　Last year, a friend recommended a skirting heater, saying it was very good (of course, this thing must be bought to save electricity and energy, otherwise the electricity consumption will be as good as that of oil). After the heater was delivered, it was found to be very suitable for my home. It was placed on the wall out of the bathroom (there are still some that are very thin and can be hung on the wall, which takes up no space), just to make up for the heating in the area where the air conditioner can’t blow, and the warm current of the whole house finally flows. Another advantage of this thing is that it heats up quickly, and the whole room will feel hot and warm in about ten minutes. Moreover, it also has the function of preset startup time, but I think it heats up very quickly, and this function is basically useless. Sitting on the sofa watching TV, I’d rather move the heater in front of the TV cabinet than blow the air conditioner now. Moreover, since I bought this skirting heater, I have invited several friends to have dinner at home, air conditioning+heater, and my friends said when they entered the door, Oh, it’s so warm. Is your home decoration floor warm? （Josh.w）

　　Electric heating mat

　　Not only children like it, but also cats and dogs.

　　To tell the truth, n years ago, when I was as cold as an ice sculpture and climbed into the bed where the electric blanket was opened, I thought from the bottom of my heart: Since the electric blanket is so cheap and easy to use, why not actively explore the territory and develop it on sofas, tables and the ground … … In this way, we Sichuanese, who are in the south and north, can’t be cold-blooded in winter? However, because my imagination failed to come true, I later actively denied myself: well, maybe heating equipment like electric blanket must be "soaked" on the blanket to generate heat, just like when I was a child, I had to wrap a layer of cotton wool or straw on the jar filled with fermented glutinous rice. I am terrible at physics, and I don’t understand the scientific principles. I can only comfort everything in front of me with the common sense of life visible to the naked eye.

　　However, this year, when I saw this electric mat on Taobao, I was so excited that someone finally helped me realize my wish for many years! Of course, why did it come true again? I still don’t know the principle. I only know that with this, we "poor people" also have the joy of installing the original floor heating — — Hahaha, I can finally put on my socks and walk around the living room.

　　Yes, this electric mat, just like a carpet, has different sizes. You can buy it according to your own needs, then lay it on the ground and plug it in. After twenty minutes, it will start to heat up. This is really useful for children at home, especially those who can just crawl — — You can save the climbing mat, and you don’t have to worry about getting cold on your hands, feet and small ass when you crawl around on it. If the size is big enough, you don’t have to stare at the baby all the time. Adults can sit up on a blanket with confidence. In name, it is companionship, but in fact, reading and playing mobile phones are so comfortable.

　　This electric mat not only benefits children, but also pets. My sister has a cat. My sister used to buy it a nest with cotton pads every winter, but the cat is still too cold and drills into my sister every day. Not now, people squat on this electric mat every day, and they are too lazy to move. (Ye Zhiyan)

The ＂Youth League Year＂ is on fire. What is it？ People outside this province are shocked!

Coordinate Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, there is a League Year, which is a ceremony for the whole village, old and young, to worship their ancestors collectively in the ancestral temple. Strictly speaking, it should be the moment when the ugly time meets at midnight on the 30 th, and the year ends and the new year opens. Last year ended, so it is also called "the end of the year". However, the word "finished" is taboo in customs (meaning finished), and Tujili is more called "the year of reunion" (a year of complete reunion). In the development of time, slowly, some still insist on holding this ceremony in the middle of the night, some change it to the evening, and some change it to the early morning (it has reached the first day). My village is more interesting. This ceremony is held in the morning of the 30th instead of the evening.

CCTV.com

　　CCTV.com News (news broadcast): "New Year’s Eve, including jiaozi". Today, when every household is preparing for the New Year’s Eve, local governments and the masses have "arranged" a special "reunion dinner" for the needy people with care and love, so that the true feelings and warmth can accompany them to have a happy New Year.

　　At noon today, more than 8,000 widowed elderly people in Hongkou District of Shanghai put on new clothes bought for them by the community and got together to have a "reunion dinner". Young volunteers from Hefei, Anhui Province came to the apartment for the elderly today, sending deep affection to more than 150 elderly people.

　　Gao Caixia, an Anhui old man: I have lived to be over 90 years old, and I feel that now is the best time.

　　Young volunteers in Hebei, Guangxi, Shanxi, Jiangsu and other places have formed a "family pair" with the widowed and low-income elderly to take them home for the New Year. Charity federations in Guizhou, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Jilin, Henan and other places also held "charity reunion dinner" to let the needy people share the festive feast of love.

　　In the SOS Children’s Village in Putian, Fujian, children are eating steaming reunion dinner with their mothers in the village. Orphans from Fushun Welfare Institute in Liaoning Province came to Leifeng class today and wrapped up jiaozi with their uncles in the military camp. The orphans and disabled children in Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, and the police "dads" will celebrate the New Year soon.

　　Guan Nan, sos Children’s Village in Qiqihar, China: Because today’s New Year’s Eve dinner is very special, they are like relatives to us.

　　Today, 100 academicians and professors from Central South University invited more than 200 poor students to their homes to celebrate New Year’s Eve.

　　Academician Huang Boyun, President of Central South University: Just let them feel that the school is their home.

　　Reporter Wu Xueshan: This is the construction site of Wuhan section of Wuhe Railway, a national key construction project. Now, hundreds of migrant workers who insisted on construction during the Spring Festival gathered together to have a delicious reunion dinner and celebrate the New Year.

　　Not only the reunion dinner was sent, but more than 500 migrant workers also received accident insurance of 200,000 yuan per person purchased by the construction unit.

　　Lu Kunhao, a migrant worker in Hubei: It’s a double happiness.

　　In Sichuan, more than 2,000 migrant workers gathered together and had a lively "Dam Banquet for the Year of the Communist Youth League". In Guangzhou, the Municipal Federation of Trade Unions held a group year dumpling feast for more than 10,000 migrant workers who didn’t go home. At the dumpling banquet, a videophone was specially set up.

　　Shen Jian, a migrant worker from Shaanxi: (talking to his mother) I wish you all a happy New Year and all the best. Mom, I’m fine in Guangzhou.

　　Red dumplings, colorful buns, hot jiaozi, delicious dishes, and a series of delicious dishes are accompanied by blessings. From yesterday to today, in the community and on the train, all kinds of "reunion dinners" and "thousands of family banquets" have made people in need and people who are away from home feel deep affection and festive joy.

Editor: Zhao Wei

A survey of the concept of financial knowledge

Source: supply chain finance
Financial concept daquan
noun
1. Financial market in a broad sense: generally refers to all financial transactions conducted by both the capital supply and demand sides through various financial instruments, including all monetary financial activities between financial institutions and customers, between financial institutions and between capital supply and demand sides, such as deposits, loans, trusts, leasing, insurance, mortgage and discount of bills, trading of stocks and bonds, gold foreign exchange trading, etc.
2. Narrow financial market: generally limited to financing activities with bills and securities as financial instruments, interbank borrowing between financial institutions and gold foreign exchange transactions.
3. Financial market: the general term for monetary fund transactions, gold foreign exchange trading and interbank lending between financial institutions with bills and securities as financial instruments.
4. Primary market: also known as the issuance market or the primary market, it is a trading market formed when the fund demanders sell financial assets to the public for the first time.
5. Secondary market: the trading market where the issued old securities are transferred and circulated among different investors.
6. Financial instrument: also known as credit instrument, it is a legal document to prove the relationship between creditor’s rights and debts and to conduct monetary and capital transactions accordingly.
7. Stock: a kind of securities, which is a certificate issued by a joint stock limited company to prove the identity and rights of investors as shareholders and to obtain dividends and bonuses accordingly.
8. Common stock: a basic stock issued by a joint-stock company, which is the most standard stock.
9. Priority stocks: stocks issued by joint-stock companies that have priority over ordinary shareholders in terms of company income and distribution of remaining assets.
10. Bond: A written certificate issued by the debtor to the creditor to undertake the obligation of repaying the principal and interest at the agreed time.
11. Treasury bonds: short-term debt certificates issued by the government to make up for the temporary shortage of treasury funds.
12. Mortgaged corporate bonds: bonds issued by companies with real estate or movable property as collateral.
13. Credit corporate bonds: bonds issued by companies that do not use any assets as collateral or guarantee, but rely entirely on the company’s credit.
14. Converting corporate bonds: This kind of bonds stipulates that bondholders can convert into company shares in a certain proportion and under certain conditions within a certain period of time.
15. Corporate bonds with subscription rights for new shares: This bond gives the bondholder the right to buy new shares of the company.
16. Restructured corporate bonds: A bond with lower interest rate issued by a restructured company to reduce the debt burden.
17. Debt-sinking fund corporate bonds: This kind of bonds requires the issuing company to regularly withdraw a certain percentage of profits according to the total issued amount as repayment funds before the maturity of the bonds, and hand them over to the entrusted trust companies or financial institutions for safekeeping, and gradually accumulate them to ensure that the bonds will be repaid in one lump sum.
18. Financial bond: A bond issued to the public by banks and non-bank financial institutions in order to raise funds in accordance with the relevant securities laws and securities issuance procedures of the state, using their own reputation.
19. Fund securities: also known as investment fund securities, are securities issued to the public by the sponsors of investment funds, which prove that the holders enjoy the ownership of assets, the right to return assets and the right to distribute the remaining property according to their shares. It is the product of certain equity combinations of stocks, bonds and other financial products.
20. Bill: negotiable securities that the drawer promises or entrusts the drawee to unconditionally pay a certain amount on the specified date or at sight.
21. Free foreign exchange: It can be bought and sold freely in the foreign exchange market without the approval of the issuing country, and can be freely converted into currencies of other countries. They are widely used as means of payment and circulation in international economic exchanges.
22. Bookkeeping foreign exchange: Without the approval of the relevant foreign exchange administration departments, it cannot be converted into other countries’ currencies, and usually it can only be used between the countries of the agreement according to relevant agreements.
23. Derivative financial instruments: also known as financial derivatives, refer to a kind of financial products whose value depends on original financial instruments.
24. Money market: a short-term financial market with financial assets with a maturity of less than one year as the transaction object.
25. Interbank lending market: a market formed by short-term capital lending activities among various financial institutions.
26. Central bank bills: short-term bonds issued by the People’s Bank of China, with maturities ranging from 3 months to 1 year.
27. Pre-issuance market: In reality, there is a kind of treasury bond trading that is not conducted after the issuance is completed, but immediately after the announcement of the issuance. This trading market is also called the pre-issuance market. Such as WI-Fi transactions in the United States.
28. Transferable large deposit certificate: a certificate of deposit issued by a commercial bank and transferable in the market.
29. Repurchase agreement: When the securities holder sells the securities, it is agreed with the buyer that the seller will buy back an equal amount of the same kind of securities from the buyer at the agreed price on a certain date in the future.
30. Capital increase: An established joint-stock company issues new shares, which is called capital increase.
31. Credit transaction: also known as advance transaction or margin transaction, it is a transaction method in which the customer pays a certain amount of cash or stock to the broker as a margin, and the difference is advanced by the broker.
32. Option trading: Also known as option trading, it means that both parties reach a contract on whether to buy or sell a certain stock at an agreed price and within an agreed time.
33. Stock index futures trading: Futures trading with the stock price index as the object aims to reduce the risk of stock investment and increase the attractiveness of stock investment.
34. Stock index option trading: buying and selling option contracts based on stock price index.
35. Stock exchange: a place organized according to certain methods and rules to conduct centralized securities trading, also known as the floor trading market.
36. Membership system: A stock exchange in the form of membership organization is a legal entity that is formed voluntarily by intermediaries engaged in securities business and is not for profit.
37. Company system: The stock exchange in the form of company system is organized according to the company law. The exchange collects the issuer’s "listing fee" and extracts the "handling fee" and other service fees for securities transactions.
38. Commission broker: a broker who accepts the entrustment of clients, buys and sells on behalf of clients in the exchange and receives a fixed commission.
39. Two-yuan broker: Also known as expert broker, it is specially entrusted by the commission broker, and buys and sells on his behalf, charging a certain commission.
40. Special broker: Also known as professional broker, it is a broker who has a special status in the exchange and is engaged in special securities trading.
41. Securities dealers: also known as trading hall dealers, they only handle self-operated business and do not handle entrusted business.
42. Zero-share dealers: securities firms specializing in stock trading with less than one trading unit.
Brief discussion
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of direct financing and indirect financing?
Advantages of direct financing
(1) The close relationship between the supply and demand of funds is conducive to the rapid and rational allocation of funds and the improvement of efficiency in use.
(2) The cost of financing is low and the investment income is high.
Disadvantages of direct financing
(1) There are many restrictions on the amount, term and interest rate of direct financing.
(2) The liquidity of financial instruments used in direct financing is weaker than that of indirect financing, and their cashing ability is lower.
(3) Direct financing is risky.
Advantages of indirect financing
(1) Flexible and convenient.
(2) High security.
(3) The scale economy of finance has been improved.
Disadvantages of indirect financing
(1) The direct connection between the supply and demand sides of funds is cut off, which will reduce the concern of investors on enterprise production and the pressure and binding force of fund raisers on the use of funds to a certain extent.
(2) intermediary agencies charge a certain fee for providing services, which increases the cost of financing.
2, the relationship between the four elements of financial market.
Financial market participants, financial market trading objects, financial market intermediaries and financial market prices are the four major elements that constitute the financial market. They are closely related, mutually promoting and influencing each other. Among them, financial market participants and financial market trading objects are the most basic elements. As long as these two elements exist, financial markets will be formed, while financial market intermediaries and financial market prices are naturally generated or inevitably accompanied. Perfect intermediary institutions and price mechanisms are important conditions for the development of financial markets.
3. Particularity of financial market.
(1) There are mainly loan relationships and principal-agent relationships among market participants, which are temporary separation or conditional transfer of the right to use and ownership of funds based on credit.
(2) The transaction object is monetary funds or their derivatives.
(3) The transaction mode is special.
(4) The price determination in the market is complicated, with many influencing factors and great fluctuations.
(5) Trading places are invisible in most cases, and the ways of trading through telecommunications and computer networks are becoming more and more common.
4. The main differences between capital market and money market.
(1) Different maturities: all financial instruments traded in the capital market are more than one year, while those traded in the money market are within one year.
(2) Different roles: most of the funds in the capital market are used for the creation, renewal and expansion of equipment and storage materials of enterprises, or the establishment of public utilities and the maintenance of financial balance. Most of the money in the money market is used for short-term working capital of industrial and commercial enterprises.
(3) The degree of risk is different: the risk of credit instruments in the capital market is higher, and the risk of credit instruments in the money market is smaller.
5. Functions and functions of financial markets
(1) Facilitate investment and fund-raising.
(2) Reasonably guide the flow of funds, promote capital concentration and transfer to high-efficiency units.
(3) Facilitate the flexible conversion of funds.
(4) realize risk diversification and reduce transaction costs.
(5) It is conducive to enhancing the flexibility of macro-control.
(6) It is conducive to strengthening economic ties between departments, regions and countries.
6, the difference between financial instruments and financial assets
Financial instruments are sometimes called financial assets, but strictly speaking, these two concepts are different. Although all financial instruments are financial assets to the holders, they cannot be called financial assets if we look at them in isolation. For example, money issued by the central bank and stocks and bonds issued by enterprises cannot be said to be financial assets, because for issuers, money, stocks and bonds are their liabilities. Therefore, money, stocks and bonds should not be simply called financial assets, but should be called financial instruments. Financial instruments are financial assets to the holders.
7. Characteristics of stocks
(1) Stock is a kind of ownership certificate, which represents the certificate of invested share capital.
(2) Stocks are permanent securities with no repayment period.
(3) The return of stock has great uncertainty.
8. Main differences between common stock and preferred stock
(1) Ordinary shareholders enjoy the right to participate in the operation of the company, while preferred shareholders generally do not enjoy the right to participate in the operation of the company.
(2) The income of common shareholders depends on the profitability of the company, while the income of preferred shares is fixed.
(3) Ordinary shareholders cannot withdraw their shares, but can only be realized in the secondary market, while preferred shareholders can request the company to redeem their shares in accordance with the redemption clause attached to the preferred shares.
(4) Priority stock is the most important kind of special stock, which enjoys priority in the company’s profit and the distribution of surplus property.
9, the difference between bonds and stocks
(1) The relationship indicated is different: bonds indicate the relationship between creditor’s rights and debts, and stocks indicate the ownership relationship.
(2) The rights and obligations of investors are different: bond investors have the right to obtain principal and interest, but have no right to ask about business management activities. Stock investors can get the right to operate, but they can’t withdraw their shares to recover their principal.
(3) The determination of income is different: the income of bonds is determined by their interest rates, and the income of stocks depends on the operating conditions of the issuing company.
10, the main reason for the government to issue treasury bonds.
(1) To make up for the temporary and seasonal balance of government finance and meet the temporary capital turnover needs.
(2) When unexpected events occur in the process of budget implementation, resulting in an increase in expenditure and it is difficult to keep up with the income, it is necessary to cope with temporary emergencies.
(3) When the interest rate in the financial market is too high, the interest burden of the government issuing long-term bonds is too heavy, so the short-term treasury bonds are issued first, and then the low-interest long-term bonds are issued after the market interest rate changes in the future.
11, fund securities, stocks and bonds in common.
(1) The investments in fund securities, stocks and bonds are all securities investments.
(2) The forms of fund securities are similar to those of stocks and bonds.
(3) Stocks and bonds are the investment objects of fund securities.
12. The difference between fund securities, stocks and bonds
(1) Different investment status: Shareholders are shareholders of the company and have the right to express their opinions on major decisions of the company. The bondholders are creditors and have the right to recover the principal and interest at maturity. The holder of fund securities is the beneficiary of the fund and has the right to distribute the investment income.
(2) The degree of risk is different: the risk of stocks is the greatest, the risk of fund securities is the second, and the risk of bonds is the smallest.
(3) The returns are different: stocks have the highest returns, followed by fund securities, and bonds have the lowest returns.
(4) Different ways of investment: unlike investors in stocks and bonds, fund securities are an indirect way of securities investment.
(5) Different ways of investment recovery: bond investment has a certain term, and the principal is recovered after the expiration, while stock investment is indefinite. If it is to be recovered, it can only be realized at the market price in the securities exchange market. Fund securities are different depending on the form of funds held.
13. Similarities and differences between negotiable certificates of deposit and general certificates of deposit.
(1) What they have in common is that they are all time certificates of deposit issued by banks, and banks pay interest.
(2) The difference is that it cannot be withdrawn in advance, but it can be transferred at any time. It has a specific amount and term, and the term is short, usually 14 days to one year. The interest is paid in coupon rate every six months or on the maturity date, and the denomination is large. Most large deposit certificates in the United States are $100,000.
14. What are the benefits of negotiable certificates of deposit for banks and investors?
Certificate of deposit is a good financial tool for investors and banks;
(1) certificates of deposit enable commercial banks to take the initiative to issue certificates of deposit in the market to raise funds, so that commercial banks can manage their liabilities and assets more actively.
(2) certificates of deposit enable investors to buy or sell certificates of deposit at any time according to the situation of capital week and adjust their asset portfolio.
(3) certificates of deposit improve the stability of commercial banks’ sources of funds.
15. Purpose of stock issuance
(1) To issue shares for the establishment of a joint-stock company.
(2) shares issued by an established joint-stock company to improve its operation or meet a specific need.
16. Purpose of capital increase
(1) Increase the proportion of self-owned capital and improve the capital structure. (2) maintain or expand business. (3) Meet the listing standards of the stock exchange. (4) promoting cooperation or maintaining the right to operate. (5) Divide benefits among shareholders. (6) Others, such as company restructuring or merger.
17, the characteristics of futures trading
(1) The transaction and delivery are not synchronized. (2) It can be offset at the time of delivery, that is, the liquidation parties only need to pay the difference. (3) There are both ordinary investors and speculators in the transaction.
18, the characteristics of OTC:
(1) A wide range of trading objects. (2) Both parties agree on the transaction price. (3) The trading mode is more flexible. (4) The trading places are scattered.
Transfer from: those things in the investment circle
Reporting/feedback

This special fund was distributed before New Year’s Day, benefiting many enterprises.

Wu Han, a journalist with extreme eyes

Correspondent Wang Wei

The statistician of Hubei Shilixiang Liquor Co., Ltd. was very happy to receive the statistical subsidy before New Year’s Day. She thanked the relevant person in charge of Xujiapeng Street in Wuchang District, Wuhan. "We must cooperate with the street economic work well and realize the two-way trip together."

Before New Year’s Day, Xujiapeng Street distributed statistical subsidies to the "four-up" enterprises within its jurisdiction, and the Commissioner was responsible for distributing them to the personal accounts of enterprise statisticians.

Since the beginning of this year, Xujiapeng Street has built a high-quality and professional statistical team with proficient business, served enterprises with sincerity, and strived to optimize the business environment. Each community has identified a full-time and part-time statistician, who also serves as a community census instructor or enumerator when conducting various census work. Each enterprise has appointed a person in charge of statistics and equipped a full-time (part-time) statistician to fill in relevant statistical reports in time.

Street joint relevant units, community, enterprise statistical business training, strengthen the guidance of grassroots statisticians report, improve the accuracy of statistical data reporting, to ensure the authenticity of the source data. At the same time, publicize and support the policies and measures to help enterprises, understand the production and operation difficulties and statistical problems of enterprises, and make overall plans to do a good job in enterprise service.

(Source: Jimu News)

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Reporting/feedback

Awesome! These five people will go to Lyon, France to compete in the World Skills Competition.

Recently, the State Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued the List of Leaders of the Technical Guidance Expert Group of China in the 47th World Skills Competition and the Notice on the List of China Training Teams in the 47th World Skills Competition.

Among them, Zhao Changheng, a professor at the School of Life and Environment of Huangshan University, was selected as the leader of the China Technical Guidance Expert Group for the Horticulture Project of the 47th World Skills Competition, and Liu Yuanyuan, an associate professor at the Art College, was selected as the leader of the China Technical Guidance Expert Group for the Paint and Decoration Project of the 47th World Skills Competition.

Students from the School of Life and Environmental Sciences of Huangshan University, Yan Zhiguang and Gan Zhaoci, gold medalists in horticulture of the 2nd National Vocational Skills Competition, and Zhang Xiaofei, a student from Art College and gold medalist in painting and decoration of the 2nd National Vocational Skills Competition, were successfully selected into the China Training Team of the 47th World Skills Competition to prepare for the 47th World Skills Competition.

It is reported that 335 people were selected for the China Training Team of the 47th World Skills Competition according to the results of the selection events of the 2nd World Vocational Skills Competition in People’s Republic of China (PRC), the ranking of the first stage assessment (national trials of network security projects) of the 46th World Skills Competition and the age requirements of the world skills organizations for the contestants of the 47th World Skills Competition. The 47th World Skills Competition will be held in Lyon, France from September 10th to 15th, 2024. 1,400 contestants from 60 countries and regions will take part in the 47th World Skills Competition and decide the best young skilled talents in the world.

Original title: "Awesome! These five people will go to Lyon, France to compete in the World Skills Competition.

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