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Revealing the movie key extension: play a key role or icing on the cake?


Special feature of 1905 film network Not long ago, the film announced the second key extension, which triggered a hot discussion among netizens about the key extension of the film. Key extension is a way for film copyright owners to extend the validity of electronic keys, thus extending the film release time.

Looking at the domestic films with key extension, from the early days, only a few films choose to postpone the key every year, and now more than a dozen domestic films are postponed for screening every year. What are the doorways behind the doubling of the number of key extension films?



The earliest key extension in China can be traced back to "Crazy Stone" in 2006. A small-budget film can reach that box office at that time, which makes the whole market very excited. At that time in 2015, although the box office had reached a relatively high level, there were such strong imported blockbusters in the same year. monster hunt chose the key extension method and finally became the box office champion in that year.

In recent years, more and more movies have chosen to postpone their keys. In 2019, nearly 20 movies chose to postpone their keys. Nowadays, the key extension has become a hot search word in major schedules. For these movies, the key extension can increase the exposure and bring certain box office income.



The success of "monster hunt" is not a special case. At present, the top ten domestic movies in China have been extended with keys. Does this mean that key extension plays a decisive role in the box office?

Wu Yanyu, a film critic, said: "The decisive role is definitely not played, but for some films, there will still be a longer release cycle. For example, in The Battle at Lake Changjin, the word-of-mouth of the film continues to ferment after the National Day file, and even the box office grows very fast on weekdays, indicating that a large number of viewers know about the film’s release, but they haven’t had time to see it yet. At that time, the key extension time was quite long. The data showed that the final key extension time brought more than 300 million box office to Wolf Warriors 2, which still accounted for a certain proportion of the total box office of more than 5 billion. "



Interestingly, all the top ten domestic movies in China have been extended with keys, but this does not mean that the key extension is the decisive factor for them to become the top ten box office in film history, because these movies have their own basic discs at the box office, which makes the key extension play a role of extra points. When most filmmakers decide whether to extend the key, they will make a calculation of the box office trend. If the box office of the film is already in a relatively downward or even basically no state, there is no need to extend the key for this film.



Nevertheless, many filmmakers have made efforts and attempts. For example, this year’s very high-quality domestic animated film "Dick Pig" has been extended, and some other literary films have also made the same choice.

Wu Yanyu said: "According to the current data, the key extension obviously did not play a role in promoting the box office. On the other hand, if the cinema release time is extended, it means that the window period of streaming media on the film will be longer and the distribution cost of getting new media will be relatively reduced. According to different films, some art films may be released for a short time, and the audience’s word of mouth has not sunk into the audience that should be there. At this time, if you judge that there is still a chance to take a shot and try. "



The program interviewed the cinema manager and asked them about the key extension. Ou Bowen, general manager of Perfect World Co., Ltd. mentioned: "In theory, basically all movies can extend the key, but I personally think this is only suitable for high-quality movies. For example, The Battle at Lake Changjin’s key extension in the past two months is really a stimulus to the film market, which has been greatly improved. The current movie cycle should be week by week, and new movies are released every Monday to Friday. The release of new films will squeeze into the film arrangement space of old films. Unless the schedule environment has certain particularity, it is possible that after the film is postponed, there is still no good film to compete, and the postponed film itself is very high-quality. It is possible to achieve an ideal film arrangement effect, but the probability of this happening is not great. "



It can be seen from all aspects that the extension of the key has no direct impact on the film’s arrangement and box office. Usually, the news of the extension of the key released by the film side is often a statement picture, which is often ignored by many viewers, which also leads to the limited effect of the extension on many films. How to make better use of key extension and maximize its value?

Wu Yanyu mentioned: "In the second and third months, the film should reach the audience who are particularly sinking, and stimulate those who don’t walk into the cinema every day, but are willing to support domestic films if they see something they like. This is a long-term proposition, which may be particularly applicable to films that choose a key extension."



As a means, key extension is only icing on the cake after all. To win the audience and box office, the most important thing is the quality of the film itself. Whether it can stimulate the audience, stimulate their empathy and make the audience feel that it is the right thing to go into the cinema to support the film, which is the root of the film becoming an explosion. It takes hard work to strike while the iron is hot. May the creators polish their works and win by quality.


Peking Union Medical College Hospital Aid Hubei Medical Team: There are no conditions to create conditions and try every means to treat patients.

  Cctv newsOn May 5th, the joint prevention and control mechanism of the State Council held a press conference on the situation that the medical team of Peking Union Medical College Hospital assisted Hubei in fighting the epidemic.

  William Hinton, vice president of Peking Union Medical College Hospital and leader of the medical aid team in Hubei, said that according to the division of labor, the medical team of Peking Union Medical College Hospital is in charge of the intensive care unit in the Sino-French New Town Campus of tongji hospital, Wuhan, and all the patients admitted are critically ill patients transferred from other hospitals and other wards, who are dying in the common people’s words. Compared with Beijing rear ICU, the difficulties are mainly reflected in three aspects: first, the critically ill patients of COVID-19 patients have respiratory failure that is difficult to correct after the end stage, and many patients are complicated with multiple organ and multiple system failure; Second, the work intensity is high. At most, 18 patients are admitted in one night, that is, more severe patients are transferred to ICU at the same time in a unit time than usual. At the peak, the ventilator in the whole ward is not enough, and the oxygen pressure is not enough. Third, after the players put on protective clothing, the routine operation, treatment and rescue are more difficult and inconvenient. However, everyone did not back down, and tried every means to make every effort. There was no condition to create conditions, and all the means and methods should be used.

Notice of Beijing Municipal Bureau of Civil Affairs, Beijing Municipal Bureau of Finance, Beijing Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security, Beijing Municipal Health and Wellness Committ

Jingmin Pension Fa [2019] No.160

District Civil Affairs Bureau, Finance Bureau, Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Health and Wellness Committee, Veterans Affairs Bureau, Medical Insurance Bureau and Disabled Persons’ Federation:

  The measures for the implementation of subsidies for the elderly in Beijing are hereby printed and distributed to you, please implement them carefully.

Beijing Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau

beijing finance bureau

Beijing Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security

Beijing Municipal Health and Wellness Committee

Beijing retired military affairs bureau

Beijing Municipal Medical Security Bureau

Beijing Disabled Persons’ Federation

September 30, 2019

Measures for the implementation of Beijing Municipality on the administration of subsidies for the aged care services

  According to the Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Promoting the Development of Aged Care Services (Guo Ban Fa [2019] No.5), the Notice on Printing and Distributing the Plan for Promoting Equalization of Basic Public Services in the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan (Guo Fa [2017] No.9) and the Opinions on Formulating and Implementing Care Services for the Elderly (Guo Ban Fa [2017] No.52), And the spirit of laws, regulations and policy documents such as the Notice of the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and the National Office for Ageing on Establishing and Perfecting the Subsidy System for the Elderly with Financial Difficulties (Caishe [2014] No.113), the Regulations on Home Care Services in Beijing, and the Implementation Opinions on Strengthening Care Services for the Elderly and Perfecting the Pension System (Beijing Zhengban Fa [2018] No.41), to improve the subsidy system for the elderly.

  I. General requirements

  (A) the guiding ideology

  Guided by Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, we will firmly establish the people-centered development concept, adhere to the concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and shared development, take the needs of the elderly as the guide, aim at promoting the construction of the old-age service system in the first good area and improving the care service level for the elderly, ensure the basic old-age service needs of the elderly, and promote the resolution of the contradiction between the people’s growing needs for a better life and the unbalanced development, so that the elderly can have a sense of gain, happiness and security.

  (II) Objectives and tasks

  1 efforts to achieve the goal of elderly care services. Focusing on the implementation of the Party Central Committee’s requirements for strengthening elderly care services and the State Council’s regulations on comprehensively establishing a subsidy system for the economically disadvantaged, elderly and disabled elderly, we will deepen and refine specific policy measures and continuously improve the level of home care services for the elderly.

  2. Effectively alleviate the difficulties of life care for the elderly. Through policy creation, integration and convergence, we will help the elderly and their families with financial difficulties, disability and advanced age to improve their consumption and payment ability, promote the enjoyment of professional, professional and diversified care services, and effectively reduce the burden of home-based care.

  3. Promote the formation of a diversified capital investment pattern. Guided by the demand and effective supply of the elderly, we will give play to the guidance and demonstration effect of financial funds, adjust and change the way of government service supply, further establish and improve the subsidy system for old-age services that is tilted towards the economically disadvantaged, disabled and elderly, and deepen the construction of the old-age service system in this city.

  4. Better reflect the concept of fair and sustainable development. Strengthen the structural reform of the supply side of old-age care services, promote the docking of professional service supply and realistic and effective demand, provide stable guarantee through the scientific subsidy system for old-age care services, realize the fairness and efficiency balance of public financial investment, and make subsidies more targeted and effective.

  5. Promote the equalization of basic old-age public services. We will build a subsidy system for the elderly with wide coverage, rich connotation and close connection, effectively connect with the living allowance for the disabled with difficulties and the nursing allowance system for the severely disabled, and smoothly connect with the long-term care insurance system that is being piloted, so as to promote the continuous improvement of the security level of the old-age service and promote the equalization of basic old-age services.

  Second, the scope, object and standard of subsidies

  Subsidies for old-age care services for the elderly are paid to the elderly who have registered in this city and meet the corresponding conditions, including subsidies for old-age care for the elderly with difficulties, subsidies for nursing for the disabled elderly, and subsidies for the elderly.

  The specific subsidy targets, scope of use and standards are as follows:

  (1) Subsidies for old-age care services for the needy elderly. It is distributed to elderly people with difficulties such as low-income and family planning families, and is used for daily care and other living service subsidies.

  1. The elderly who enjoy the subsistence allowance (including those who receive subsidies for the living difficulties of urban residents in Beijing, the same below) are entitled to 300 yuan per person per month.

  2 low-income families do not enjoy the treatment of the elderly, the subsidy standard is 200 yuan per person per month.

  3. For the elderly who belong to the family planning special families in this city and do not meet the conditions in the preceding paragraph 1.2, the subsidy standard is 100 yuan per person per month.

  (2) Nursing subsidies for the disabled elderly. It is paid to the elderly who are severely disabled or have corresponding disability certificates for long-term care subsidies caused by lack of self-care ability, including but not limited to purchasing care services such as care support, care services and nursing services. The pilot area of long-term care insurance should do a good job in coordinating the nursing subsidy for the disabled elderly and the long-term care insurance service mechanism, so that professional nursing services can better benefit the disabled elderly and their families. All districts should speed up the improvement of the old-age service system, debit the nursing subsidies to the accounts of the elderly, use the service payment method to care for the consumption within the service scope, and allow it to be used for the purchase of nursing supplies and other consumption expenses, so as to ensure that the service needs of the elderly with multiple personalities, convenient payment and professional care can be effectively met. In principle, the accounts do not support cash withdrawal, irregular clearing, and no limited regional consumption within the administrative area of Beijing, and the exceptions in the implementation will be notified separately.

  1. The elderly who are severely disabled by comprehensive assessment of their abilities, the elderly with visual, physical, intellectual and mental disabilities with disability grade I, and the elderly with multiple disabilities with intellectual and mental disabilities with disability grade II, the subsidy standard is 600 yuan per person per month.

  2. For the elderly with visual and physical disabilities with disability grade II, and the elderly with intellectual and mental disabilities with disability grade II and III, the subsidy standard is 400 yuan per person per month.

  3. The subsidy standard for the elderly with hearing and speech disabilities with disability grade I and II is 200 yuan per person per month.

  (3) allowance for the elderly. It is distributed to the elderly aged 80 and above for the consumption of old-age services, especially life care and nursing services.

  1.80 to 89 years old, the allowance standard is 100 yuan per person per month;

  2.90 to 99 years old, the allowance standard is 500 yuan per person per month;

  3.100 years old and above, the allowance standard is 800 yuan per person per month.

  Third, policy convergence

  1. Eligible elderly people can apply for pension service subsidies for the elderly with difficulties, nursing subsidies for the disabled elderly and allowances for the elderly.

  2. After the implementation of these measures, the subsidy system for the disabled at home for the severely disabled aged 60 to 79, the subsidy system for the elderly aged 80 and above, the old-age allowance system for the elderly aged 90 and above, and the subsidized medical care system for the elderly aged 95 and above in this city will cease to be implemented.

  3. The old-age service subsidies and nursing subsidies for the disabled elderly stipulated in the present Measures and the living subsidies and nursing subsidies stipulated in the Measures for the Implementation of Living Subsidies for the Disabled and Nursing Subsidies for the Severe Disabled in Beijing are not enjoyed repeatedly, and eligible elderly people can apply for one of them independently.

  4. Older people who meet the conditions of pension service subsidies for the elderly with difficulties and nursing subsidies for disabled elderly people, as well as welfare life subsidies (allowances) and nursing subsidies (allowances) such as disability and retirement on business can choose to apply for one of the service subsidies, living subsidies (allowances) and nursing subsidies (allowances).

  5. The elderly who enjoy the nursing subsidy for the disabled and the nursing fee for the educated youth who are disabled on duty do not enjoy the nursing subsidy for the disabled elderly, but can enjoy the subsidy for the aged care service for the elderly with difficulties. The elderly who enjoy the "Implementation Measures of Beijing Municipality on Subsidies for Social Welfare Institutions for Difficult Family Service Clients" do not enjoy the nursing subsidies for the disabled elderly. Those who meet the conditions may apply for subsidies for the elderly with difficulties.

  6. The elderly who receive work-related injury insurance and living care fees and are included in the support guarantee for the destitute do not enjoy the subsidy for the aged care service for the elderly with difficulties and the nursing subsidy for the disabled elderly.

  7 the provisions of this approach for the elderly pension service subsidies are not included in the urban and rural minimum living security family income.

  8. Relevant policies such as home care service and capacity assessment that have been formulated and implemented in each district, as well as the districts that have introduced the pilot scheme of long-term care insurance, shall be properly connected, gradually integrated and implemented as a whole according to the provisions of these Measures.

  9. The assessment mechanism and criteria for disability of the elderly involved in these Measures shall be implemented in accordance with the Implementation Measures for Comprehensive Assessment of the Ability of the Elderly in Beijing (Trial) (J.M.G.F. [2019] No.42).

  Iv. application procedures

  Adhere to the "efficiency orientation", promote the reform of service methods and optimize the service environment, so that data can run more and people can run less errands, "run at most once" and "only enter one door".

  (1) The elderly who meet the application conditions or their entrusted agents or guardians apply voluntarily. Applicants can log on to the Beijing Municipal Affairs Service Network, the official website of Beijing Civil Affairs Bureau or WeChat WeChat official account through smart phones, computers and other devices, enter their names and ID numbers and fill in the application; You can apply at the nearest service window of any street (township) in this city by presenting the original identity card or residence booklet; You can collect and fill in the Application Form for Allowance for Old-age Services in Beijing in the community (village) or street (township), and then submit it to the street (township) where the household registration is located for social assistance or the "one-door acceptance" window.

  For the convenience of applicants, for those who have not applied before October 25, 2019, the Beijing Social Welfare Integrated Management Platform (hereinafter referred to as the "Integrated Management Platform") will push the notice of granting subsidies for old-age services through the mobile phone numbers reserved by the elderly, and after confirming the reply, the integrated management platform will directly generate and distribute subsidies to the bank accounts held by the elderly.

  (two) the elderly who apply for disability care subsidies need to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the ability of the elderly. Among them, the elderly who are rated as severely disabled, the comprehensive management platform automatically generates and issues nursing subsidies.

  (3) All districts will comprehensively promote the whole process of online handling through the comprehensive management platform, and the whole city will dock the national unified information management system for aged care services through the comprehensive management platform. The basic information and electronic certificates of the elderly with minimum living allowance, low income, disability and family planning special families and those who have applied for and received comprehensive assessment of their abilities will be authenticated through the sharing of government information systems such as the comprehensive management platform, simplifying the acceptance and approval procedures and promoting paperless office. Support qualified areas to establish paperless application and follow-up audit procedures, and the materials to be handled shall be subject to online electronic files. The city’s application information is automatically assigned to the application window of the street (township) where the applicant’s household registration is located by the comprehensive management platform. The detailed policy implementation measures in each district should be disclosed to the public in a timely manner and let the elderly and their families know.

  (four) if the application conditions of the elderly who have enjoyed the old-age service subsidy change, the comprehensive management platform will automatically generate a new subsidy, or the applicant will re-apply.

  V. Audit

  (a) the streets (towns) to accept applications through the comprehensive management platform, or on-site confirmation of the application materials, the information will be collected into the Beijing old-age care service subsidy management system of the comprehensive management platform; In principle, the department in charge of civil affairs will be transferred to the street (township) on the day of receiving, and it will be transferred from the system to the District Civil Affairs Bureau after preliminary examination. Before the 20th of each month, all the streets (towns) will submit the data of people who have objections to the District Civil Affairs Bureau.

  (two) the District Civil Affairs Bureau shall make an examination and approval opinion before the 25th of each month. If the examination and approval is unqualified, put forward opinions and inform the parties in writing through the street (township) acceptance window, explain the reasons, relief channels and time limit, and file the application materials electronically and keep them properly; Those who pass the examination and approval shall be reported to the District Finance Bureau for disbursement of funds.

  VI. Distribution

  Subsidies and allowances for old-age care services for the elderly are paid on a monthly basis. Those who pass the examination and approval will be paid in the month when they submit their applications, and subsidies and allowances will be paid next month before the end of each month.

  Since the date of implementation, if the application is delayed for more than half a year due to the applicant himself or other reasons, it will be counted from the month when the application is submitted. If the application time is delayed within 6 months, it shall be counted and distributed from the eligible month after the application is submitted according to regulations.

  All departments use the comprehensive management platform to complete business processes such as application acceptance and treatment approval. After capital accounting, they will transfer money to financial institutions through the civil administration funds unified supervision information platform and deposit it in the bank card financial account confirmed by the applicant at the time of application.

  When applying, the applicant can use one of the existing "Beijing Tong-Pension Card for the Disabled", "Beijing Tong-Civil Affairs Card", "Beijing Tong-Disabled Service Card", special family support card for the elderly, "Beijing Tong-Third Generation Social Security Card" and military security card as an account for the payment of pension service subsidies.

  Among them, the old-age allowance for the elderly aged 80-89 years old who hold the "Beijing Tong-Pension Card for the Disabled" as the payment account shall be implemented according to the original payment method and channel of home-based care service subsidies, and the nursing allowance shall not be withdrawn.

  VII. Review

  (a) the review of the old-age service subsidies for the elderly shall be regularly reviewed by the District Civil Affairs Bureau through the comprehensive management platform, at least once every quarter; Or by individuals to declare their own review.

  (II) Under any of the following circumstances, each street (township) or district civil affairs bureau will directly implement it from the next month when the subsidy conditions change according to the automatic early warning information of the comprehensive management platform, or after checking with the applicant/guardian, without the need for the applicant to provide materials:

  1. The disability category and disability level of the elderly have changed;

  2. The economic or family situation has changed, which does not meet the conditions for the elderly in special families with subsistence allowances, low income and family planning;

  3. The household registration moves out of this city;

  4. Dead or declared missing by the people’s court;

  5. Those who violate the law and commit crimes and are executing the imprisonment penalty;

  6. Those who fail to pass the review.

  If the subsidy fund is increased, decreased or stopped due to the change of the applicant’s personal situation, the comprehensive management platform will actively send information to the applicant to ensure the applicant’s right to know.

  Eight, household registration migration

  The transfer-out place will stop issuing subsidies for the elderly pension service from the month after the transfer formalities, and the transfer-in place will be issued from the month when the transfer-out place stops issuing (the integrated management platform will automatically push the transfer information to the applicant’s reserved mobile phone).

  IX. Financial Guarantee

  (a) the funds needed for the old-age service subsidies shall be included in the annual district-level budget arrangement by the financial burden of the district where the old-age household registration is located, and can actively attract social charity, donation funds and other support.

  (II) In order to alleviate the pressure of raising financial funds in each district, the Municipal Finance Bureau will give the municipal fixed special transfer payment support on an annual basis according to the data of the elderly population in each district released by the Municipal Bureau of Statistics, the Municipal Health and Health Commission and the Municipal Disabled Persons’ Federation in the previous year, in which the nursing allowance for the disabled elderly is 100 yuan per person per month, the old age allowance is 100 yuan, who is 80-89 years old, 200 yuan, who is 90-99 years old, and 300 yuan, who is over 100 years old. It is managed and used in accordance with the Notice of the Municipal Finance Bureau, the Civil Affairs Bureau, the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, and the Municipal Disabled Persons’ Federation on Printing and Distributing the Administrative Measures for Special Transfer Payment Funds for Social Security and Employment in Beijing (J.C.S. [2018] No.323).

  (three) the city-wide standard and the city-to-district subsidy standard for the elderly pension service subsidies will be adjusted by the Civil Affairs Bureau in conjunction with relevant departments in a timely manner according to the changes in the economic and social development of this Municipality and the income level of residents.

  X. Management and Supervision

  (1) The Civil Affairs Bureau is responsible for establishing a unified working system and management information system for the elderly pension service subsidies, service management and disability assessment in the city, guiding all districts to carry out subsidies, organizing services and other related work, and taking the lead in promoting the working mechanism of interconnection and sharing of relevant information among government departments. The Municipal Finance Bureau is responsible for guiding all districts to do a good job in the budget and guarantee of subsidies for the elderly pension services. The Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau is responsible for guiding the street (township) social security offices in the relevant areas to do a good job in accepting and transferring applications. The Municipal Health and Wellness Commission is responsible for the information services related to the elderly in family planning special families, as well as the maintenance and protection of the rights and interests of the elderly. The Municipal Bureau of Veterans Affairs is responsible for coordinating and coordinating the implementation of the relevant living security benefits for retired soldiers. The Municipal Medical Insurance Bureau is responsible for the pilot guidance and convergence of the long-term care insurance system. City Disabled Persons’ Federation is responsible for the examination, issuance, management and protection of the rights and interests of the disabled for the elderly to apply for disability certificates.

  (two) the Civil Affairs Bureau in conjunction with the relevant departments to co-ordinate and guide the policy propaganda work, and create a good atmosphere of public opinion. The civil affairs bureaus of all districts jointly deploy and implement the propaganda work in this district with relevant departments, and earnestly do a good job in policy notification; All streets (towns and villages) should adopt flexible and diverse forms to publicize and interpret the subsidy system for old-age care services, so that the elderly and their families can fully understand the policy content, application process and implementation norms.

  (three) the elderly pension service subsidies agencies should adhere to the principles of openness, fairness and impartiality, and strictly examine and handle them; Civil affairs departments at all levels shall manage and monitor the implementation of the subsidy system; Relevant departments and institutions should take the initiative to accept the inspection and social supervision of the financial and auditing departments.

  (4) If it is verified that there is graft or false report, false claim, false claim, interception, misappropriation, fraud or spamming of subsidy funds, the District Civil Affairs Bureau shall immediately carry out investigation, collect evidence, interview the parties concerned, and order them to return the subsidies that were wrongly claimed or falsely claimed. If the amount is large and suspected of committing a crime, it shall be transferred to judicial organs for handling according to law, and the administrative and legal responsibilities of the relevant personnel shall be investigated, and all the subsidy funds for "illegal income" shall be recovered.

  (5) Civil affairs, finance and other departments at all levels and their staff who distribute funds in violation of regulations, or distribute and distribute funds to unqualified units (or individuals), abuse their powers, neglect their duties, engage in malpractices for selfish ends in the whole process of the allocation, review, disbursement, use and supervision of funds for the elderly pension service subsidies shall be punished in accordance with the Budget Law, the Civil Service Law, the Supervision Law and the Financial Violations. Suspected of a crime, promptly transferred to judicial organs.

  XI. Supplementary Provisions

  (1) If there is any inconsistency with the provisions of these Measures, these Measures shall prevail.

  (two) after the implementation of these measures, Measures for the Payment of Allowances for the Elderly in Beijing (Jing Lao Ban Fa [2008] No.12), Measures for the Subsidy of Old-age Services for Special Elderly in Beijing (Trial) (Jing Min Fu Fa [2008] No.335), and Opinions on Implementing the "Nine-support Measures" for Home-based Care (Helping the Disabled) Services for Beijing Citizens (Jing Min Lao Fa [2008]) Notice on Implementing the Subsidized Medical Care System for the Elderly Aged 95 and Over (J.M.G.F. [2011] No.149), Measures for the Administration of Pension Card for the Disabled in Beijing (for Trial Implementation) (J.M.G.F. [2014] No.459) and Measures for the Administration of Pension Service Units for the Disabled in Beijing (for Trial Implementation) (J.M.G.F. [2014] No.460) Notice on related service matters in home care service for the elderly and disabled with financial difficulties (J.M.R.F. [2015] No.477), Measures for Evaluating the Ability of the Elderly in the Pilot Area of Home Care Service for the Elderly and Disabled with Financial Difficulties (J.M.R.F. [2015] No.478), Administrative Measures for Stopping and Recovering Home Care Service Subsidies in Beijing (J.M.R.F. [2016] Relevant documents, such as the Notice on Centralized Recovery of Subsidies for Home-based Care Services by Misleading or Taking the Initiative (J.M.G.F. [2016] No.357) and the Administrative Measures of Beijing Tong-Pension Card for the Disabled (for Trial Implementation) (J.M.G.F. [2016] No.431), shall be abolished.

  (three) the Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau is responsible for the specific interpretation of these measures.

  (4) These Measures shall come into force as of October 1, 2019, and the first subsidy funds shall be paid before the end of November.

  Attachment: 1. Application Form for Allowance for Old-age Services in Beijing (omitted)

     2 Beijing old-age service subsidies audit table (omitted)

     3 Beijing old-age care service subsidy transfer form (omitted)

     4. Summary table on the payment of subsidies for the aged care service for the elderly in Beijing (omitted)

     5. Summary table on the distribution of nursing subsidies for the disabled elderly in Beijing (omitted)

     6. Summary of the payment of old age allowance for the elderly in Beijing (omitted)

National Health Commission: Since the implementation of the national regional medical center construction project, more than 1,400 diagnosis and treatment technologies have been translated to the impo

  CCTV News:On April 13th, National Health Commission held a press conference on the expansion and sinking of high-quality medical resources and the balanced distribution of regions. Da-chuan Li, deputy director of the Department of Medical Administration of the National Health and Wellness Commission, introduced at the conference that since the 12th Five-Year Plan, the State Council has made the work arrangement of setting up "double centers" in nearly three health development and five-year plans of the medical and health system. At present, the establishment and construction of "Double Centers" have been written into the Law on Basic Medical Care and Health Promotion, the 14th Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Outline of Long-term Goals in 2035, and included in the special "14th Five-Year Plan" issued by the State Council. Up to now, the National Health and Wellness Commission has set up 13 national medical centers in professional categories and national regional medical centers in children’s categories according to procedures. At the same time, the National Health and Wellness Commission and the National Development and Reform Commission approved 76 national regional medical center construction projects in four batches in areas with weak medical resources.

  After years of hard work, the National Medical Center and the National Regional Medical Center mobilized and aggregated local governments, universities, scientific research institutions and other forces, carried out in-depth core technology research, focused on solving long-term and overall medical problems affecting people’s health, and produced a number of groundbreaking clinical research results. In 2022 alone, the "Double Center" launched 372 international and domestic pioneering and leading technologies. Since the implementation of the national regional medical center construction project, more than 1,400 diagnosis and treatment technologies have been transferred to the imported provinces, filling the gaps in more than 300 provincial medical technologies, and the number of people seeking medical treatment in relevant provinces has dropped significantly.

National customs: building a port quarantine defense line. New diseases are only one flight away.

  From January to July this year, 12,565 cases of infectious diseases were detected by the national customs entry quarantine, up by 8.62% year-on-year. Zika virus disease and Chikungunya fever were detected for the first time, and cholera, Zika and other major infectious diseases were detected many times. However, traditional infectious diseases such as plague, cholera and yellow fever break out from time to time all over the world, and new infectious diseases such as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Middle East respiratory syndrome and Zika virus disease are constantly emerging, which may become "black swan" and "grey rhinoceros" in the field of infectious diseases at any time, bringing severe challenges to global public health and China Customs.

  "At present, the global public health situation is very complicated and severe. The accelerated development of global trade, the more convenient transportation network and the more frequent personnel exchanges make there is only one flight distance between any new disease and the transmission area. " Zhang Jiwen, deputy director of the General Administration of Customs, said at the scene of an emergency drill for public health emergencies at ports recently held in Chongqing.

  The reporter of "Legal Daily" learned from the General Administration of Customs that from January to July this year, 12,565 cases of infectious diseases were detected by the national customs entry quarantine, an increase of 8.62% year-on-year. Zika virus disease and Chikungunya fever were detected for the first time, and major infectious diseases such as cholera and Zika were detected many times. However, traditional infectious diseases such as plague, cholera and yellow fever break out from time to time all over the world, and new infectious diseases such as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Middle East respiratory syndrome and Zika virus disease are constantly emerging, which may become "black swan" and "grey rhinoceros" in the field of infectious diseases at any time, bringing severe challenges to global public health and China Customs.

The epidemic situation is unprecedentedly grim.

  In the development of human history, the struggle against infectious diseases is an eternal main line.

  Infectious diseases, such as smallpox, plague and cholera, have spread widely all over the world, causing hundreds of millions of casualties, which has seriously disrupted social order and affected social and economic development.

  According to Adrian Xu, director of the Department of Health and Quarantine of the General Administration of Customs, in the 21st century, the impact of various infectious diseases has not decreased with the growth of the world economy and the improvement of people’s living standards, but with the improvement of the world transportation facilities, the epidemic situation of infectious diseases has spread rapidly around the world. In recent years, the global epidemic situation of infectious diseases has broken out one after another, with one or two new and recurrent infectious diseases appearing every year. The outbreak frequency is getting denser and denser, the scope is getting wider and wider, the harm degree is getting deeper and deeper, and the import risk is getting bigger and bigger, which makes the global public health situation unprecedented.

  In 2014, the Ebola outbreak broke out in three African countries, causing fear and travel restrictions that almost paralyzed the whole world.

  In 2015, a business traveler infected with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome virus returned to South Korea, quickly infecting 186 people, killing 38 people and isolating 17,000 people, which led to the disorder of health system and society in South Korea. South Korea’s exports fell by 10.9% year-on-year, and the president was forced to cancel his visit to the United States. The epidemic also spread to China.

  In 2016, after 60 years of silence in Africa and Asia, Zika virus disease suddenly became popular in Brazil and continued to spread across borders. Because Zika virus can cause neonatal microcephaly, the World Health Organization declared it a public health emergency of international concern.

  In July this year, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the epidemic situation of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in Congo (DRC) has constituted a public health emergency of international concern, and the risk of epidemic spread has intensified, and the pressure of prevention and control has increased.

  Adrian Xu told reporters that in the first half of this year, the monitoring information of the global infectious disease information monitoring network involved 68 infectious diseases and 140 countries and regions. From the range of occurrence, except influenza, measles, dengue fever, chikungunya fever, cholera and malaria are widely prevalent; According to the degree of harm, pneumonic plague, Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Middle East respiratory syndrome, Lassa fever and Hantavirus lung syndrome are the most common causes of death. In terms of epidemic areas, Ebola hemorrhagic fever, plague, cholera, yellow fever, Lassa fever and rift valley fever are mainly prevalent in Africa, cholera, Middle East respiratory syndrome and dengue fever are mainly prevalent in Asia, and dengue fever and measles are mainly prevalent in America and Europe.

Tens of thousands of infectious diseases were detected.

  Various infectious diseases not only pose a great threat to people’s health and safety, but also have a great impact on social stability and national economy. With the continuous deepening of China’s "Belt and Road" construction and opening up, as well as the accelerated development of global trade, the more convenient transportation network and the more frequent personnel exchanges, human beings have formed a "community of destiny" in the face of epidemic diseases as never before.

  To this end, the national customs has built a port quarantine defense line to prevent the introduction of major epidemics. From January to July this year, 12565 cases of infectious diseases were detected by the national customs entry quarantine.

  On June 10th, the customs staff of Ningbo Airport found that many passengers on a flight from Bangkok had vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and other symptoms. Customs officers immediately carried out on-site investigation and disposal, and found that 15 passengers belonging to the same tour group had symptoms of digestive tract infection. After collecting blood and other samples, the staff issued a convenient card for seeing a doctor and told them to see a doctor as soon as possible before releasing it. On June 14th, Ningbo Health Center reported that three passengers were positive for enterohemolytic Escherichia coli O157:H7. The customs immediately informed the passengers of the test results by telephone, and suggested that they go to the hospital for further review and diagnosis and treatment, and reported the disposal situation to the Ningbo Municipal Government and informed the Ningbo Municipal Health and Health Commission. At the same time, strengthen cooperation with tourism management departments, issue early warnings to travel agencies in a timely manner, and ask the recent travel team to Thailand to pay attention to the relevant epidemic situation and make adjustments to travel routes.

  On July 1st, Kunming Customs found a China male passenger with high body temperature among the people who entered Myanmar at Changshui Airport. On-site staff immediately re-measured the passenger’s body temperature, conducted epidemiological investigation and medical investigation. After investigation, the passenger’s axillary temperature was 37.7℃, accompanied by headache, muscle and joint pain and other symptoms. The staff initially judged that they might be infected with mosquito-borne infectious diseases, so they collected blood samples for inspection at the first time. On July 2, Yunnan Health Center detected that the passenger was positive for Zika virus nucleic acid. The customs immediately informed the patients by telephone, gave them health education and informed the Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

  On July 11th, a flight from Kenya declared to Guangzhou Baiyun Airport Customs that a female passenger from the Democratic Republic of Congo had fever, vomiting and diarrhea during the flight. Customs officers determined that it was a suspicious case of Ebola hemorrhagic fever. The customs will start the joint prevention and control mechanism and emergency plan at the first time, and take protective and disinfection measures; Isolate the passenger, contact the local medical institution to transfer him to another hospital, deliver the sample overnight and start the 24-hour inspection mechanism. The next day, the Health and Quarantine Laboratory (P3) of the Technology Center reported that the suspected Ebola virus disease was excluded.

Prevent and resolve health risks

  "Preventing and resolving major risks is one of the three tough battles established by the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Specific to the customs health and quarantine work, it is necessary to adhere to the bottom line thinking of preventing major epidemics and strictly controlling the security of the country, and resolutely prevent and resolve the hidden dangers of public health and safety risks at ports." Lin Wei, director of the Health and Quarantine Department of the General Administration of Customs, said.

  In April 2018, in accordance with the unified arrangements for the reform of the party and state institutions, the duties and teams of entry-exit inspection and quarantine management were assigned to the General Administration of Customs. After the institutional reform, the customs has more supervision responsibilities, wider supervision scope and longer supervision chain, and the pressure and challenge of maintaining national security is greater than at any time in history, which puts forward new and higher requirements for customs health and quarantine work.

  In order to prevent the introduction of major epidemic diseases and build a strong port quarantine defense line, the customs health quarantine explored the mode of "moving the border forward", sent elite soldiers and strong generals to carry out epidemic prevention and control abroad, and constantly improved the overseas infectious disease monitoring system. Strict port quarantine inspection, so that every doubt must be investigated and every policeman must be dealt with, improve laboratory testing ability, implement precision quarantine projects, carry out cross-border joint monitoring of vector organisms at key ports, implement port food safety and health supervision and sampling plan, and constantly improve the port health quarantine prevention and control system.

  In order to improve the international travel health service for key groups such as expatriate laborers, the Customs has continuously improved the international travel health service system. In recent years, major epidemics such as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Middle East respiratory syndrome and Zika virus disease have been properly handled, and the country has been kept. The first case of rhabdovirus infection in China and the second case in the world were detected, and six new viruses, such as yellow fever virus, Zika virus, Rift Valley fever virus, Cooper fever virus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, which were not seen in China, were detected, achieving both "absolute quantity" and "gold content" of epidemic detection.

  In order to strengthen supervision, optimize services and actively serve the overall situation of development. The Customs has optimized the examination and approval process for special articles, and the settlement rate reached 95% in 5 days. Implement risk management, strengthen supervision after the event, reduce the burden on enterprises, and support biomedical research and industrial development. Port health permit "two certificates in one", cancel the health permit for storage sites at border ports, and realize the online operation of 13 health and quarantine government services; Excellent completion of G20 summit, APEC meeting, Shanghai Cooperation Summit, Beijing Summit of Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, the first China International Import Expo(CIIE) and other major activities.

  The open ports of 273 countries in China have passed the acceptance of the core competence of port public health, fulfilled the agreement of the International Health Regulations and fulfilled the commitment of China. Ningbo’s experience of "Hong Kong-wide Demonstration City for Health Creation" has been promoted to the whole world by WHO. In addition, the first port public health risk monitoring, early warning and decision-making system has been built to realize comprehensive monitoring, automatic early warning, scientific decision-making and rapid response to global infectious diseases and vectors; It is the largest sanitary treatment scale of large ships in the world. For the first time, the whole ship fumigated a 100,000-ton ship and killed 600,000 live cockroaches.

  Participate in international health governance and give voice to China. The Customs implemented the action of health aid to Africa and promoted the construction of African CDC. Establish the WHO International Health Regulations (Port) Cooperation Center and the International Travel Health Cooperation Center, actively strengthen health and quarantine cooperation with international organizations, neighboring countries and regions, and countries along the Belt and Road, and gradually establish information exchange and joint emergency response mechanisms, so as to contribute "China experience" to international health governance and epidemic prevention and control, and demonstrate "China’s responsibility".

  The relevant person in charge of the General Administration of Customs said that in the next step, the national customs will resolutely implement the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary "Building a port quarantine defense line", adhere to the bottom line thinking, strengthen port epidemic prevention and control and emergency drills, and actively deepen joint prevention and control with departments at all levels to prevent the cross-border spread of infectious diseases and effectively protect people’s lives and health. (Legal Daily reporter Cai Yanhong)

Known as the cheapest electric car, Pentium pony has added an entry-level version, which costs 24,900 yuan. Do you want to buy it?

"Hao Car Attacks" original new car:On August 1st, 2024, FAW added a brand-new model of "Cute Horse" with an official guide price of only 24,900 yuan. The new car is not only a brand-new entry-level model of Pentium Pony, but also a new low starting price of new energy vehicles, even from the perspective of cost performance, which can be regarded as a replacement product of "scooter for the elderly". At the same time, according to the official disclosure, you can still enjoy multiple luxuries when buying a car, including exemption from purchase tax, financial discount on 1000 yuan, giving away compulsory insurance, and renewing the car at a guaranteed price, etc. In addition, there are four lifelong rights and interests worth 6,000 yuan (vehicle lifetime warranty/three-power lifetime warranty/lifetime road rescue and lifetime renewal fund). So what are the highlights of the new car?

Pentium Pony is not only the first model named by numbers in Pentium brand, but also quite different from family-style design styles such as T90 or B70 of Pentium. The rounded headlights are matched with the contrasting body, creating a "kawaii" feeling. At the same time, in order to capture the personalized needs of consumers, the new car also launched a Pentium Pony Gamer Edition or even a convertible version based on the retro style of spliced Ding Mao, including the details of the roof trunk, the integrated spoiler tail and the racing seat. Customized, and the high-profile models are also equipped with LED light sources. In addition, the new car is divided into six body colors to choose from, except Jasmine White. The cost of the selection is 388 yuan (bubble blue/camellia green/peach powder) and 888 yuan (indigo blue/cheese white), which Hao Ge thinks is not expensive.

In terms of interior, the Pentium pony can be described as simple but not simple. Although the price is less than 25,000, it has all the basic functions such as suspended instrument, air conditioning control area, radio and integrated cruise control. The key layout similar to the game console handle style is also particularly fashionable and personalized. It is worth mentioning that the newly added entry-level version of "Cute Horse" is still equipped with common configurations such as air conditioning, airbags, main driver’s cosmetic mirror, ramp assistance and the proportion of rear seats. Compared with the second-lowest cute horse, the only thing missing is the remote control of car Bluetooth and mobile APP, which is why it can be cheaper by 2,000 yuan.

In terms of body size, the length, width and height of the new car are 3000/1510/1630mm, and the wheelbase is 1953mm, which is the same as that of MINI EV (length, width, height and wheelbase are 3064/1493/1629/2010mm, respectively). As a miniature electric vehicle, space performance is naturally not a strong point, but the support ratio of rear seats can still further meet the emergency needs. After all, more convenient parking and narrow road driving ability are the biggest selling points of Pentium pony.

In terms of power, the new car offers two kinds of battery life, 122 km and 170 km. After adding the "cute horse", it happens to have two configurations to choose from. The maximum power of motors is 20 kW (27 HP); 85 nm. The battery is Ferrous lithium phosphate, which only supports slow charging. The 122km version is fully charged in about 5.2 hours, and the 170km version is fully charged in about 6.5 hours. The slow charging port is located at the front logo, with a glass water filling port beside it, and the gear shifting mechanism is knob type.

Summary of "Hao Car Attacks":As we all know, the main competitors of Pentium Pony will be locked into micro electric vehicles such as Wuling Hongguang MINI EV and Geely Panda. Compared with 300,000 ~ 400,000 "luxury" new energy sources in the market, micro-electric vehicles such as Pentium Pony seem to be a clean stream, and at the same time, it is doomed that the most important thing for its audience is high cost performance. The starting price of 24,900 yuan should be the cheapest pure electric vehicle on the market at present, so who would you choose? Thank you for your attention to "Hao Car Attacks".

Interview | After 90, he shot the acting peak of the Golden Rooster Award for Best Actress.

The pilot poster was created by Luo Xi, who graduated from Russian Repin Academy of Fine Arts, and director Li Xu.


Special feature of 1905 film network Li Xu, a teacher of Beijing Film Academy and post-90s director, directed his first feature film Sunflower in the Evening.


Screenwriters Liu Yibing and production designer, photography director Jin Guirong, modeling director, editing director, sound director Liu Xiaofei, composer Guo Haowei, etc. These names may be a little strange to ordinary movie audiences, but as long as you know a little about the history of contemporary movies in China, you must understand the heaviness of such a lineup.


The heroine of the film is the best actress who won both the Golden Rooster Award and the China Watch Award. These names are put together, and it is not an exaggeration to describe them as "palace level".Open the resumes of the masters, including a large number of classic works such as Latency.


What kind of movie will Sunflower in the Evening be when the post-90s new director meets the Golden Rooster and China Watch double-prize winner and the academic lineup?The film was previously shown as a special recommendation for the opening of the "Southern China (Zhuhai) Film Week" of the 30th University Student Film Festival of Beijing International Film Festival, and it is planned to be shown nationwide this year.


Director Li Xu once mentioned that as a movie fan, he was immersed in the film world of alexandro jodorowsky and other directors, and he also knew a lot about this kind of works.


What kind of style will it be when he picks up the guide tube and makes a movie himself? In 1905, the film network interviewed Li Xu, the director, and unveiled the mystery of Sunflower in the Evening in advance.


Director Li Xu.


01

A movie without a "story"


What kind of story will happen to a woman who has to face illness and death?Sunflower in the Evening tells the story of Xu Manfang, an urban woman, who decided to give up treatment and return to the place where she was young after suffering from a terminal illness, where she made new friends and regained memories of youth, and spent the last part of her life.


Li Xu, the director, said frankly that he wanted to think about life philosophy issues about life and death. "When knowing that life is about to press the stop button, Xu Manfang’s mood is different from ours, and her inner confusion and fear are very strange. This strangeness provides a different perspective for the film in terms of technique and form."


"I want to write a movie without any external plot conflict", Li Xu insisted on making an inward exploration work. During the script creation stage, he deduced many versions, but he was never satisfied. Finally, with the help of teacher Liu Yibing, the story content has both an abstract core and a concrete mystery.



The first draft of the script was originally named "Weird Woman", but Li Xu felt too straightforward. At that time, he happened to turn to a song list he had created before, called "Sunflower in the Evening", which was just in line with the temperament that the film wanted to pursue — — Sunflowers in the evening are still born in the sun, and there is a great romantic optimism.


Li Xu said, "This film will provide the audience with infinite possibilities of reading. It is a summoning structure, that is, it gives you a bowl, and you put all your life experiences and experiences into it to turn it into a complete and full work. It means that we have done a comma, and the final period should be given to the audience. "


02

Renhua Na: This may be my acting peak.


Renhua Na, the heroine, said to Li Xu after watching the film, "This may be the peak of my acting in my life.". This heartfelt feeling is a great affirmation for Li Xu.


Before the cooperation, Renhua Na had other new film invitations in the same period. It was the script of Sunflower in the Evening and the experimental and exploratory shooting techniques that attracted her to choose to star in this film. After filming, Renhua Na told Li Xu that her name means "sunflower" in Mongolian, and she was destined to have a deep fate with this film.


Renhua Na starred in Sunflower in the Evening.


Renhua Na’s acting skills have always been well-known. She has been nominated for the "Three Golden Awards" in China films for films such as "The Rustling of the Hunan Daughter", and won the Golden Rooster Award for Best Actress and the Chinese Film China Watch Award for Excellent Actress for her "Eji".


Renhua Na is very good at portraying people who are calm in appearance and complicated in heart, and Xu Manfang is also such a role. During the filming process, Li Xu hoped that Renhua Na could follow Xu Manfang into the mountain village alone, and in the process of life, he showed a state from not having a "soul" to gradually forming a "soul", so as to shape the whole role.


"Her performance is extremely flexible, with a particularly calm side and a particularly strong impact." Li Xu thinks that Renhua Na’s performance is completely beyond his original imagination, which endows the role with greater charm.


03

Professor-level academic school behind-the-scenes big coffee to create


"It is both lucky and difficult to connect this film with so many big coffees." During the creation, Li Xu fully felt the aesthetic height and instinct of the senior behind-the-scenes predecessors of the academic school, and their innovative designs and ideas made the film have a more advanced audio-visual aesthetics.



Juiping Cao, a professor from production designer and China Communication University, has cooperated with the director for many times and participated in the art work of classic works such as Hanging the Red Lantern High, story of qiu ju and My Father and Mother.


At an expert seminar on the film Sunflower in the Evening held not long ago, Mr. Juiping Cao once told reporters that he and Director Li Xu had found the artistic tone for the whole film by referring to the painting style of Danish painter Wilhelm Hammerhuy.


Li Xu University majored in film and television and photography, and now teaches the basic course of photography modeling at Beijing Film Academy. This film also reflects his thinking of telling stories with images.


Together with Jin Guirong, director of photography and professor of Communication University of China, he decided to adopt the form of single-camera long lens shooting, striving for perfection in composition, mirror movement and light and shadow, and at the same time using visual modeling images such as sunflower, shadow play and mirror, trying to construct poetic image characteristics for the film.


Director Li Xu is at the shooting scene of the movie Sunflower in the Evening.


The post-editing work of the film is also a "hundred turns and thousands of times" honing process, and the editing of every plot content is repeatedly "turned over" in the mind of director Li Xu.


Li Xu and Zhou Xinxia, the editing director and professor of Beijing Film Academy, discussed many times and decided not to adopt the conventional editing method of causal logic, but to try their best to show the richness of film language in the editing details. It took more than a year to finish the editing work.


Sunflower in the Evening took four years to complete, and it is planned to meet the national audience during the year. From the first shot, director Li Xu intended to immerse the audience in a quiet atmosphere. He hoped that after the release, everyone would take a break from the noisy real world, tidy up their mood, slowly walk into the illusory world where reality and unreality are intertwined in the film, and carefully feel the mental journey of a woman facing herself on the screen.


Hu Manzhi created and shared with you the "messenger" of intercellular communication-cytokines.

The future of cytokine detection is bound to be a red sea. You should know about these clinical applications.

Foreword:

In our bodies, there is a mysterious and powerful system, which always protects us from external pathogens. This system is our immune system, which is composed of many immune cells, like a well-trained army, always ready to resist foreign enemies. In this army, there is a mysterious force playing a role silently, which is cytokine.

Overview of cytokines

Cytokines are a kind of small molecular protein with wide biological activity, which is synthesized and secreted by immune cells (such as monocytes, macrophages, T cells, B cells, NK cells, etc.) and some non-immune cells (such as endothelial cells, epidermal cells, fibroblasts, etc.), and is equivalent to the "messenger" of mutual communication among various cells in human body.

It has many biological functions, such as regulating cell growth, differentiation and maturation, maintaining function, regulating immune response, participating in inflammatory reaction, wound healing and tumor growth and decline.

At present, the detection of cytokines is widely used in infections, kidney diseases, autoimmune diseases, tumors and malignant hematological diseases, which has important clinical significance in the diagnosis of diseases, the judgment of treatment opportunity, the guidance of medication, the monitoring of curative effect, the early warning of cytokine storm risk and the improvement of patients’ treatment efficiency.

Classification and main functions of cytokines

According to their main functions, cytokines can be divided into the following categories: interleukin (ILs), colony stimulating factor (CSFs), interferon (IFNs), tumor necrosis factor (TNFs), growth factor (GFs) and chemokine (CK).

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There are both pro-inflammatory factors and anti-inflammatory factors. Pro-inflammatory factors usually regulate the growth, activation, differentiation and homing of immune cells to infected sites, aiming at controlling and eradicating intracellular pathogens (including viruses); Anti-inflammatory cytokines are a series of immunomodulatory molecules that control the response of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

In the development of infection, the interaction between pro-inflammatory factors and anti-inflammatory factors runs through, which has a far-reaching impact on the development direction and outcome of infection.

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Clinical application value of cytokines

1, early diagnosis of infection, conducive to disease monitoring.

Shortening the window period helps to realize early diagnosis and win valuable time for treatment; The half-life is short, which is convenient to monitor the efficacy in time and ensure the effectiveness and safety of treatment; Complement with PCT and CRP, improve the accuracy of diagnosis and provide strong support for precise treatment.

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Note: In the Expert Consensus on Interpretation of Clinical Significance of Infection-related Biomarkers published in 2017, IL-6 has been regarded as one of the infection-related biomarkers.

2, help to determine the type of infection.

A study showed that IL-6 and IL-10 increased more than 10 times at the same time, suggesting G- bacteria infection; IL-6 increased by 2 times, and IL-10 increased by less than 10 times, suggesting G+ bacteria infection. According to the cytokine spectrum, the effective rate of identifying Gram bacteria to guide antibiotic treatment is close to that of broad-spectrum coverage group, up to 85%, while the effective rate of empirical treatment group is only 60%.

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3. Early warning of cytokine storm

During the period of COVID-19, many critically ill patients suffered from uncontrolled release of cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, which led to coagulation storm, thrombosis, myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism, leading to respiratory failure, organ failure and even death.

Although IL-6 is the key cytokine for everyone at present, it should not be the only one. Cytokines is a huge regulatory network, which is coordinated with each other, constantly changing dynamically and changing with the course of disease.

Therefore, it is suggested that patients at risk of cytokine storm should be jointly tested for cytokines during admission and hospitalization.

4. Assess the inflammation and immune status of the body.

Severe patients may have three inflammatory/immune states: SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome), CARS (Antagonistic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) and MARS (Mixed Antagonistic Response Syndrome).

When infection or other reasons lead to the imbalance of inflammatory response, if the levels of a large number of proinflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IFN-γ, IFN-α and TNF-α are greatly increased, there is a risk of systemic inflammatory response syndrome -SIRS, and the inflammatory response of the body is strong at this time, so it is recommended to give priority to anti-inflammatory treatment; If the endogenous anti-inflammatory reaction is too strong, the anti-inflammatory factors such as IL-4 and IL-10 will be greatly increased, which indicates the risk of CARS. At this time, the immune function of the body is weak, and it is suggested to strengthen the immune treatment. If both pro-inflammatory factors and anti-inflammatory factors increase significantly, it suggests that the body is a mixed antagonistic response syndrome, suggesting that the body has a strong inflammatory response and low immune function, and it is suggested to carry out anti-inflammatory combined with immune enhancement therapy.

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5. Cytokines and Tumor

Cytokines are the key proteins of signal transmission in tumor microenvironment (TME), which have pleiotropic effects. In terms of anti-tumor, interferon and TGF-β can directly inhibit the growth of tumor cells, while IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12 and IL-15 can enhance the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes or bone marrow cells, thus inhibiting cell growth; In promoting tumor, TGF-β, TNF, IL-1β, CXCL12, etc. can promote the survival and proliferation of tumor cells; TNF, IL-6, etc. can cause the disorder of cytokine regulation and promote the occurrence of tumor inflammation; IL-10, IL-4, TGF-β, etc. are immunosuppressed; TNF, IL-6 and various chemokines can also promote angiogenesis.

Studies have confirmed that IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 are slightly increased, while IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ are significantly decreased, suggesting that there may be early tumor microenvironment progress. Early warning of the occurrence of adverse reaction cytokine release syndrome (CRS) caused by PD-1 therapy /CAR-T therapy.

6. Cytokines and Autoimmunity

Hemophagocytic syndrome (HLH):HLH may be caused by persistent antigen stimulation caused by autoimmune diseases or malignant tumors, with high mortality. IL-2R is one of the diagnostic criteria (from China Expert Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Hemophagocytic Syndrome). In addition, the slight increase of IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-6 can also distinguish HLH from infection, which is helpful for the treatment of HLH patients.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): As a chronic autoimmune disease, SLE will affect many organ systems, including but not limited to skin, joints and kidneys. Cytokines in active SLE patients, including IL-8, IL-18, IL-6 and IFN-α, were significantly higher than those in inactive SLE patients. Especially, IL-6 and IL-8 showed better sensitivity and specificity than traditional C3, C4 and Anti-dsDNA.

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP): A large number of studies show that inflammatory cytokines in HSP patients are out of balance, mainly IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. When the cutoff value of IL-6 is set to 7 pg/mL, the sensitivity and specificity can reach 78.0% and 80.5%. The change of IL-8 will be greater, which is 2-10 times of the baseline level of healthy people.

7, cytokines and asthma, allergic diseases and lung diseases.

Generally speaking, children’s allergic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis are mainly mediated by humoral immunity (IgE-mediated type I allergy). IL-4 and IL-5 can promote the secretion of IgE antibodies, aggravate allergic diseases, monitor the levels of IL-4 and other proinflammatory factors, and evaluate the condition and efficacy.

In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α can promote the progress of airway inflammation such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pneumonia, and evaluate the changes of cytokine levels, so as to evaluate the disease progress and drug efficacy monitoring of the above diseases.

8. Cytokines and Reproductive Medicine

Studies have proved that Th1 cytokines are significantly increased and Th2 cytokines are decreased in patients with unexplained recurrent abortion. It has also been reported in the literature that the significant increase of IL-22 concentration may be related to unexplained recurrent abortion.

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Advantages and disadvantages of mainstream detection methods for cytokine reagents

1, chemiluminescence method

Advantages: The method is mature and stable in technology, high in sensitivity and wide in linear range, and can efficiently complete single detection in a short time.

Disadvantages: it is impossible to carry out multi-project joint inspection and the sample demand is large, which makes it unable to cope with the large sample size test.

2. Flow fluorescence method

Advantages: As a relatively new detection method, flow fluorescence method stands out for its advantages of realizing multi-item joint inspection with small sample size, especially in large sample size testing, which saves time and cost.

Disadvantages: It may not be as sensitive as the light-emitting platform, and it is difficult to solve the interference problem that may be introduced in the process of multi-joint inspection, which affects the accuracy of its detection to some extent.

3. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Advantages: The method is mature and stable, with high sensitivity and good stability.

Disadvantages: the reaction time is relatively long, the linear range is narrow, and the detection efficiency is low, so it is more used in scientific research.

Market situation and current situation sharing of cytokine reagents

1. The domestic heat is higher than that of foreign countries.

Through investigation, we found that, for cytokine projects, except IL-6, foreign manufacturers are more respected, and almost no other manufacturers have obtained certificates in China or even CE. At present, only Siemens has obtained the registration certificates for six projects, namely IL-1β, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α, in China, which is regarded as an early cytokine project company that entered the China market.

The joint inspection of cytokine combination project seems to be a unique project in China, and it is difficult for us to find similar packaged tests in other countries.

From the actual clinical point of view, COVID-19 and sepsis have confirmed the significance of IL-6 detection, and hemophagocytic syndrome has clarified the value of IL-2R detection. However, for other cytokine detection, although everyone is advocating the clinical significance of each index, there is no more recognized expert consensus to explain it. It can only be said that the market prospect is there, but more clinical practice is needed to confirm it.

At present, there are mainly two factions in the detection of cytokines in China, such as the magnetic particle light-emitting platform of Hot Scene Bio, which has obtained the registration certificates of 13 indicators, namely TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-2R, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL. At present, the flow fluorescence platform made by Hu Manzhi is generally combined with 12 items, namely TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70 and IL-11.

2. Although there are international standards for each project, the testing situation of each manufacturer is not uniform.

Due to the lack of foreign reagents, it seems difficult to maintain the consistency of test results except IL-6. Although almost every project has international standards, from the data of clinical tests, the test results of various manufacturers deviate seriously, and it is difficult to judge which manufacturer’s test value is more accurate. It may be inferred that the traceability chain of each manufacturer is not particularly strict.

We know that most cytokines can’t be stored stably at room temperature, so the general calibrators are in the form of freeze-drying, which may be due to the loss during freeze-drying, or the interference of composite quality control such as flow platform, or the matrix effect introduced in the dilution process of international standards, which makes the test results of reagents difficult to be unified and leads to confusion in clinical judgment.

Market prospect of cytokine detection reagents

Although we have mentioned the problem that various cytokines form a complex network of communication and restriction between cells, there is no disease-specific guidance for many indicators at present, and it is difficult to unify the test results among manufacturers, but on the other hand, it is a huge opportunity for reagent manufacturers. Why do you say that?

First of all, the broad indications of detection indicators mean that cytokine items can be detected in various departments, with a large volume; Moreover, there are not many manufacturers in this testing field, and compared with conventional testing items, the homogenization is not serious and the market prospect is relatively broad; Moreover, the difference in the test results of manufacturers will inevitably lead to the emergence of benchmark enterprises in this field, so many enterprises can establish their own brand image through this product; It is believed that with the further implementation of the consensus of experts in various fields and the gradual maturity of emerging technologies such as flow fluorescence and single molecule detection, cytokine detection will surely be a red sea.

Today’s sharing is here, I hope it will inspire you. (For more information about cytokine detection reagents, please search the official website of HUMAN Zhizhi and click to inquire.)

About Hu manzhizao

Beijing Human Zhizao Technology Co., Ltd. is a medical technology innovation company integrating R&D, production and sales. With years of experience in materials science, in vitro diagnosis technology and marketing, based on the core of multi-flow fluorescence technology, the company is committed to providing fully automatic multi-flow fluorescence detection platform and supporting reagents with competitive advantages for clinical customers, and has built a "new ecology" for ultra-high-speed immunodiagnosis, focusing on major immune diseases, intractable diseases and rare diseases.

Be alert! These bacteria may cause diseases such as sepsis and meningitis.

  In summer, the weather is hot, and the growth and reproduction of bacteria are increasingly active. The so-called "illness from the mouth", when cooking dishes, do you think that there may be "dangerous elements" hidden in the kitchen? What diseases will they cause?

  What are the common pathogens in the kitchen?

  1. Escherichia coli

  ● Can cause diseases: sepsis, infective endocarditis, liver abscess, peritonitis, pelvic inflammatory disease and urinary system infection.

  ● Symptoms after infection: abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, nausea, dizziness, vomiting and shock.

  E. coli is harmless to human body under normal circumstances, but it is easy to cause disease once it is overdosed and human immunity is weak.

  ● E.coli has low requirements for living conditions, and it will grow in the kitchen where there is a little water or food residue, such as chopping boards, rags and sinks that have not been dried. It is warm and humid in summer, and the growth and reproduction of Escherichia coli is very fast.

  ● Escherichia coli is not resistant to high temperature. Generally, it can be killed in plain areas by boiling at 100℃ for about 15 minutes to 30 minutes. When the temperature is about 4℃, the growth rate of Escherichia coli slows down; When the temperature is below MINUS 20℃, it enters a dormant state and stops breeding.

  2. Listeria

  ● Can cause diseases: fetal arrest, abortion, meningitis.

  ● Symptoms after infection: abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, nausea, dizziness, vomiting and shock.

  Listeria is known as the "refrigerator killer" and can still grow at 4℃. Milk, yogurt, eggs, meat, cold drinks and vegetables in the refrigerator may be parasitic.

  Low high temperature environment is easy to kill Listeria, and refrigerated food can be sterilized by boiling and heating. In addition, regular cleaning and disinfection of the refrigerator will help to eliminate Listeria.

  3. Vibrio parahaemolyticus

  ● Can cause diseases: gastroenteritis, acute renal failure and wound infection.

  ● Post-infection symptoms: severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, nausea, dizziness, vomiting and shock may occur.

  ● Vibrio parahaemolyticus mainly lives in seafood such as fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish and seaweed. Eating food containing this bacterium or being scratched by food containing this bacterium can cause infection.

  ● Vibrio parahaemolyticus can be killed by heating at high temperature. If sterilized with boiling water, it is recommended to boil for more than 15 minutes.

  4. Salmonella

  ● Can cause diseases: bacteremia, septicemia, gastroenteritis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, vascular implant infection and bone and joint infection.

  ● Post-infection symptoms: persistent high fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, dizziness, vomiting and shock may occur.

  Salmonella is easy to appear in kitchen knives, chopping boards, vegetables, fruits, eggs, chicken legs and other foods.

  Salmonella can be killed by heating at high temperature.

  5. Staphylococcus aureus

  ● Can cause diseases: meningitis, otitis media, septicemia, pneumonia, folliculitis, wound infection and paronychia.

  ● Post-infection symptoms: skin pustules, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, vomiting, dizziness, etc.

  ● It is often parasitic on human and animal skin, nasal cavity, throat, stomach and other tissues, and is also found in air and sewage. When eating food contaminated by the bacteria, or when the body wound comes into contact with pollution sources, it can cause infection.

  Staphylococcus aureus has a certain tolerance to high temperature, and it can be killed in a high temperature environment above 80℃ for 30 minutes. 70% ethanol can also be used for disinfection.

  The doctor reminded that the symptoms caused by these pathogenic bacteria when invading the human body have many similarities, such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, etc. Therefore, once an infection occurs, it is necessary to go to the hospital for examination and test to accurately identify which kind of bacteria is caused, and then take medicine for the symptoms.

  Transferred from CCTV Finance

[Editor in charge:

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Responsible comrades of the Department of Veterans Affairs answered reporters’ questions on "Opinions on Promoting Employment and Entrepreneurship of Veterans in the New Era"

  Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, August 2 nd: The responsible comrades of the Department of Veterans Affairs answered questions on the Opinions on Promoting the Employment and Entrepreneurship of Veterans in the New Era.

  Xinhua News Agency reporter Mei Shixiong

  On the occasion of the publication of the Opinions on Promoting the Employment and Entrepreneurship of Retired Soldiers in the New Era (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions), the responsible comrades of the Department of Veterans Affairs answered questions from Xinhua News Agency reporters on the main spirit of the Opinions.

  1. Why did you issue this Opinion?

  A: The formulation of the Opinions is mainly based on the following considerations:

  First, it is an important guarantee to unite the morale of the military and achieve the goal of strengthening the military. Without a people’s army, there would be nothing for the people. At present, the situation at home and abroad is undergoing profound and complex changes, and the security environment challenges facing China are very severe. The task of safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests is arduous and arduous, and it is urgent to build a strong people’s army. Retirement and active service are different stages of a soldier’s life. The employment and entrepreneurship of retired soldiers have been done well, and their personal values have been well realized, which not only has a "calming effect" on retired soldiers themselves and their families, but also helps to relieve the worries of the majority of active soldiers, promote them to serve with peace of mind, effectively fulfill the lofty mission of the army in the new era, and help attract more high-quality talents to actively participate in national defense and army building, and truly transform their national defense potential into national defense strength.

  The second is the inherent requirement of giving full play to the role of talents and boosting economic development. The army is a melting pot and a big school. After the training and training of the army, the vast number of retired soldiers have excellent political quality, will quality and ability style. At present, there are tens of millions of retired soldiers in China, and hundreds of thousands of soldiers are discharged from active service every year, which is an indispensable and important force in socialist modernization. At the same time, the military occupation has its particularity. After retiring to the local area, soldiers have a process of psychological adjustment, role transformation and ability transformation, which needs support and assistance. Formulate and issue the Opinions, improve the employment and entrepreneurship ability of retired military personnel, help them take a key step in job transition, career transformation and life transition, create conditions for them to integrate into society faster and play their role better, and contribute wisdom and strength to socialist modernization.

  2. What veterans are the Opinions applicable to?

  A: The Opinions mainly apply to three types of retired soldiers: first, self-employed retired soldiers; The second is to choose jobs independently and turn the army into cadres; Third, demobilized cadres.

  3. What are the main features of the Opinions?

  A: The Opinions mainly have four characteristics: First, it is an important declaration. For the first time, it is proposed that the employment and entrepreneurship policy for retired military personnel should be given priority, so as to ensure that retired military personnel will be given preferential treatment on the basis of enjoying inclusive employment and entrepreneurship support policies and public services, fully reflecting the concern and care of the party and the government for retired military personnel, and implementing the important instruction of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on "making military personnel a respected profession of the whole society". The second is problem-oriented. A series of policies and measures are put forward to solve the problems existing in different degrees, such as insufficient employment and entrepreneurship ability, insufficient support and imperfect service system. The third is to make overall plans. According to the existing policies and actual needs of various groups of retired military personnel, a relatively unified, standardized and orderly policy system will be gradually established in line with the principle of high and low. Fourth, innovation in inheritance. On the one hand, make full use of the existing policies and continue to adhere to the relevant policies that are generally welcomed by retired soldiers and have good practical effects; On the other hand, the good policies introduced in some areas have become national policies, and the experience and practices in the work have been solidified into policies; At the same time, according to the new situation and new requirements, some forward-looking innovative measures are put forward.

  4. What is the general idea of the employment and entrepreneurship of retired military personnel?

  A: It is clear in the Opinions that the employment and entrepreneurship of retired military personnel in the new era is guided by Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, and a specific requirement of 32 words is put forward. First, the government promotes and gives priority to policies. The government plays an active role in supporting the employment and entrepreneurship of retired military personnel, and earnestly shoulders its responsibilities in policy support, public service, publicity and guidance, organization and coordination. The second is market orientation and demand traction. In the final analysis, employment and entrepreneurship belong to market behavior. We should give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of employment and entrepreneurship services according to market demand. The third is voluntary choice and independent action. The key to promoting the employment and entrepreneurship of retired soldiers lies in their own efforts, speeding up the transformation of their roles and identities, courageously participating in the tide of reform and opening up, and actively participating in socialist modernization. Fourth, social support and multi-party participation. The employment and entrepreneurship of retired military personnel is a systematic project and the common responsibility of the whole society. It is necessary to mobilize the forces of the government, market and society to jointly promote it.

  5. What measures are there to improve the employment and entrepreneurship ability of retired military personnel?

  A: Promoting the employment and entrepreneurship of retired military personnel is the foundation. In recent years, the state has introduced some targeted measures to strengthen the vocational skills training of retired military personnel and enhance their employment and entrepreneurial ability, but there are also problems such as scattered policies, insufficient preferential treatment, low training quality and inflexible training methods. The Opinions put forward six measures:

  First, improve the multi-level and diversified education and training system. Incorporate the education and training of ex-servicemen into the academic education and vocational education system, and rely on educational resources such as ordinary universities and vocational colleges to promote the connection between the education and training of active servicemen and ex-servicemen, and the academic education and skills training complement each other.

  The second is to carry out pre-retirement skills reserve training. We will carry out in-depth activities of "sending policies to military camps", strengthen economic and social development and employment situation introduction, policy consultation, psychological adjustment, and "one-on-one" career planning, and strive to turn the qualities tempered by retired soldiers during their service into advantages in employment and entrepreneurship.

  The third is to strengthen vocational skills training after retirement. Relax the time limit for participating in free training, and relax the current "you can participate in free training within one year after retirement" to "you can participate at any time after retirement"; Relax the geographical restrictions on participating in free training, and allow cross-provincial education and training with the consent of the provincial veterans affairs department.

  The fourth is to implement lifelong vocational skills training. Encourage employers to regularly organize retired military personnel to participate in job skills upgrading and knowledge updating training; Incorporate laid-off and unemployed veterans into special vocational training plans and vocational skills training, and subsidize them according to regulations.

  The fifth is to encourage participation in academic education. Encourage all localities to include retired soldiers who meet the requirements for college entrance examination into the enrollment scope of separate examinations in higher vocational colleges; Retired soldiers take part in the college entrance examination and postgraduate examination and enjoy extra care; During their service, military personnel participated in continuing education with open education, self-study exams and other academic qualifications. After retiring, they can continue to complete their studies and obtain the corresponding national higher education diploma.

  Sixth, strengthen the management of education and training. It is proposed to establish a catalogue of vocational skills training institutions, training enterprises and institutions of higher learning for retired military personnel, and to make it public and implement regular assessment and dynamic management to ensure the teaching level of training units. Strengthen the assessment of the quality of education and training of training units and establish an incentive mechanism.

  6. What measures are there to support the employment of veterans?

  A: The Opinions put forward specific measures in terms of relaxing recruitment conditions, broadening employment channels and strengthening employment services.

  In terms of relaxing the recruitment conditions, it is clear that organs, social organizations, enterprises and institutions recruit retired military personnel, appropriately relax the age and academic qualifications, and give priority to recruitment under the same conditions.

  In terms of broadening employment channels, the first is to increase the recruitment of civil servants. College graduate soldiers who have served in the army for more than 5 years (inclusive) can apply for the position of orientation examination for service-oriented grassroots project personnel after retirement, and share the orientation examination plan for civil servants with service-oriented grassroots project personnel; All localities, especially border areas and deep poverty-stricken areas, have set up a certain number of grass-roots civil servant positions to recruit veterans in combination with the implementation of strategies such as rural revitalization and poverty alleviation; Party and government organs at all levels should pay attention to selecting and transferring outstanding college students with service experience when organizing the work in Selected Graduates; Broaden the channels for recruiting the people’s police of public security organs from retired soldiers such as anti-terrorism special operations. The second is to encourage enterprises to recruit. Enterprises that absorb the employment of retired military personnel can enjoy tax incentives; Enterprises that have made outstanding contributions to the employment of retired military personnel shall be commended and rewarded. The third is to explore new employment channels. Study and formulate a job directory suitable for the employment of retired military personnel, increase the proportion of retired military personnel recruited for service guarantee and security, and give priority to recruiting retired military personnel under the same conditions for auxiliary police posts; Demobilized soldiers are selected to participate in key tasks such as social governance, stabilizing the border, and tackling poverty, and retired soldiers are encouraged to work as full-time staff in the party’s grassroots organizations and urban and rural communities.

  In strengthening employment services, it is clear that ex-servicemen enjoy priority treatment in public employment service institutions at all levels, and local people’s governments at or above the county level organize at least two special recruitment activities for ex-servicemen every year. At the same time, it is required to do a good job in follow-up support, establish employment accounts for retired military personnel, implement real-name management, track the employment of retired military personnel, and provide necessary services.

  7. What measures are there to support veterans’ entrepreneurship?

  A: Entrepreneurship is a higher level of employment and plays an important role in promoting employment. The "Opinions" highlight the guidance and services for retired military personnel who are willing to start a business. The first is to strengthen entrepreneurship training. All localities should organize and carry out entrepreneurship awareness education, entrepreneurship project guidance, enterprise management and other training for retired military personnel with entrepreneurial will, so as to enhance entrepreneurial confidence and enhance entrepreneurial ability. The second is to give priority to providing entrepreneurial places. Encourage the establishment of business incubation bases, creative spaces and business parks for retired military personnel, solve the problems of lack of venues, funds and technology in a targeted manner, and create conditions for their innovation and entrepreneurship. The third is to enjoy financial and tax incentives. Ex-servicemen who set up small and micro enterprises can apply for business start-up guarantee loans and enjoy loan discount according to regulations, and all localities can increase their support in light of the actual situation. Encourage social capital to set up veterans’ venture funds and broaden the channels of fund guarantee. Ex-servicemen engaged in self-employment can enjoy tax incentives. In the next step, relevant departments will also study and improve the preferential tax policies for employment and entrepreneurship of retired military personnel.

  8. What measures are there to improve the employment and entrepreneurship service system for retired military personnel?

  A: According to the requirements of the new situation and the ideas of platform informationization, team specialization and strength diversification, the goal and structure of service system construction are defined. The first is to build an information platform. Emphasis is placed on the supporting role of information construction in accurate service, and it is proposed to speed up the establishment of a nationwide, real-time sharing and up-and-down linkage information platform for retired military personnel’s employment and entrepreneurship services, and make full use of big data to provide accurate services. The second is to build a guidance team. Give play to the guiding team’s role in career planning, entrepreneurship guidance and employment absorption of retired military personnel, and attract entrepreneurs, experts and scholars with rich entrepreneurial experience, caring for retired military personnel and loving public welfare undertakings to improve the professional level of service guidance. The third is to build a training base. In accordance with the principle of classified management, accelerate the establishment of a regional training base with complementary advantages, resource sharing and special service for veterans, and bring it into the scope of national policy support and give appropriate subsidies. The fourth is to make good use of social forces. Advocate the whole society to participate in the employment and entrepreneurship of retired military personnel, combine the government’s provision of public services, supplementary services from social forces and self-service of retired military personnel, and support social organizations that serve the employment and entrepreneurship of retired military personnel to carry out their work according to law.

  9. What measures does the Opinions take to improve and perfect the employment and entrepreneurship mechanism of retired military personnel?

  A: There are many departments involved in the employment and entrepreneurship of retired military personnel, and an effective mechanism needs to be established. The Opinions put forward three measures: First, improve the working mechanism. Clarifying the working mechanism led by the Party committee, promoted by the government, led by the veterans affairs department, supported by the relevant military and civilian departments, and participated by all sectors of society, and refining the specific division of labor among departments are conducive to the formation of joint efforts. The second is strict accountability. Take the employment and entrepreneurship of retired military personnel as a political task and incorporate it into the annual performance appraisal of various regions and departments to ensure the implementation of the central policy. Resolutely clean up and correct those who add conditions and raise the threshold outside the central policy; If the policy implementation is not in place and the work is not promoted effectively, timely supervision and supervision will be carried out; Serious violations of policies and regulations, resulting in adverse effects, seriously investigate the responsibility of relevant personnel. The third is to strengthen publicity and education. Emphasis is placed on strengthening the education of retired military personnel’s ideological, political and job-hunting concepts, vigorously publicizing the typical employment and entrepreneurship of retired military personnel, publicizing the advanced deeds of all sectors of society that care for and support the employment and entrepreneurship of retired military personnel, and creating a good atmosphere conducive to the employment and entrepreneurship of retired military personnel.

  10. What are the requirements for the implementation of the Opinions?

  A: The vitality of the policy lies in its implementation. Even the best policy will be a castle in the air if it is not implemented. It is a very urgent task at present to publicize and implement the spirit of the Opinions, ensure that all requirements are implemented and benefit the vast number of veterans. The next step is to focus on the following tasks: First, strengthen policy interpretation. Publicly report the Opinions through various media, especially on the issues of concern to veterans, and actively solve doubts and doubts, so that the majority of veterans can accurately grasp the spirit of the policy. The second is to refine policy measures. All localities should formulate specific implementation measures in light of the actual situation and implement the requirements of the Opinions in detail. The third is to pay attention to typical guidance. Summarize and popularize the good practices and experiences implemented in various places in a timely manner, and promote the work from point to area. The fourth is to strengthen supervision and inspection. It is necessary to establish a task ledger, insist on tracking and asking for results, evaluate and check regularly, and promote the work in a strong and orderly manner.