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Beijing Zhengban Fa [2022] No.20

District People’s governments, municipal government commissions, offices and bureaus, and municipal institutions:

　　"Several measures of Beijing to support the employment and entrepreneurship of college graduates" have been approved by the municipal government and are hereby issued to you, please implement them carefully.

General Office of Beijing Municipal People’s Government　　　　

June 21, 2022　　

　　(This piece is publicly released)

Some measure to support college graduates’ employment and entrepreneurship in Beij

　　In order to implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on doing a good job in the employment and entrepreneurship of college graduates, implement the requirements of the Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Further Supporting College Students’ Innovation and Entrepreneurship (Guo Ban Fa [2021] No.35) and the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Further Improving the Employment and Entrepreneurship of College Graduates and Other Youth (Guo Ban Fa [2022] No.13), do a good job in the employment and entrepreneurship of college graduates and other young people at present and in the future, and help the high-quality development of the capital.

　　First, broaden employment channels

　　(1) Increase the supply of posts. This year and next, the government agencies, institutions and state-owned enterprises in this city will continue to stabilize the scale of recruiting (recording) college graduates. Encourage private enterprises with head technology to expand the scale of recruitment, and give key support in the introduction of graduates and employment services. Employers recruit college graduates in this city within the graduation year, and those who meet the requirements will be given social insurance subsidies. For small and medium-sized enterprises that have absorbed a certain number of college graduates and meet the relevant conditions, they should be inclined when arranging relief funds and providing discount loans for technological transformation; Smooth the evaluation channels of professional titles of professional and technical personnel in small and medium-sized enterprises, and implement the application for scientific research funds and the declaration of scientific research results, which are treated equally with similar personnel in state-owned enterprises and institutions. Improve the proportion of college graduates joining the army, and do a good job in ensuring the education and employment of retired college students. As a research assistant (including teaching and administration) of college graduates, the first service agreement expires and passed the examination, with reference to the status of fresh graduates to participate in the recruitment of enterprises and institutions in this city. Candidates who are affected by the extension of the interview of the teacher qualification examination for primary and secondary schools (including kindergartens and secondary vocational schools) in the first half of 2022 in this city can implement the phased measures of "taking the post first and then conducting textual research" before December 31, 2022. (Municipal Party Committee Organization Department, Municipal Education Commission, Zhongguancun Management Committee of Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Bureau of Economic and Information Technology, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Municipal Health and Wellness Commission, Municipal Bureau of Veterans Affairs, Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Municipal Conscription Office, and district governments are responsible according to the division of responsibilities) (District governments in the responsible units of this notice,Including the Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee, no longer listed separately)

　　(2) Guide grassroots employment. Serve the rural revitalization strategy and grassroots governance, continue to do a good job in the special recruitment of rural teachers and rural revitalization assistants, and tap employment opportunities such as social security, medical and health care, old-age services, social work, and judicial assistance of procuratorates and courts. Community workers, rural revitalization assistants in ecological conservation areas, and nursing posts in community health service centers can apply for college (including higher vocational education). Vacant posts for community workers give priority to recruiting college graduates. College graduates who enter the city’s pension service institutions to engage in full-time pension services will enjoy a one-time entry reward if they meet the requirements. For college graduates who are employed in grassroots units in remote mountainous areas of this city, tuition compensation or national student loan compensation shall be given according to regulations. (The Municipal Procuratorate, the Municipal High Court, the Municipal Education Commission, the Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau, the Municipal Finance Bureau, the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, the Municipal Health and Wellness Commission, and the district governments are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

　　(3) Support flexible employment. Encourage college graduates to work flexibly in the fields of digital economy and platform economy. College graduates in this city who are employed flexibly for the first time within 2 years after graduation in 2020 may apply for social insurance subsidies for flexible employment for no more than 3 years. (Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, district governments, etc. are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

　　Second, promote innovation and entrepreneurship

　　(4) Expanding financing channels. Beijing Science and Technology Innovation Fund organizes sub-funds to strengthen the docking with college students’ innovation and entrepreneurship projects, and guide social capital to participate in the early investment and intelligence investment of college students’ entrepreneurship projects. Eligible college graduates can apply for a personal business guarantee loan with a maximum of 500,000 yuan or a small and micro enterprise business guarantee loan with a maximum of 3 million yuan; For loans below 500,000 yuan, counter-guarantee measures are exempted in principle, and the interest generated below LPR-150BP (the quoted interest rate in the loan market minus 1.5 percentage points) shall be borne by the borrower and the borrowing enterprise, and the rest shall be subsidized by the finance. Enterprises or individual industrial and commercial households founded by college graduates in this city for the first time in the graduation year and within 2 years after graduation can apply for a one-time business start-up subsidy if they meet the requirements. Relying on the Growth Enterprise Market of college students to connect with venture capital funds, banks, guarantee companies and other institutions to solve the problem of venture capital financing. (The Business Management Department of the People’s Bank of China, the Municipal Education Commission, the Zhongguancun Management Committee of the Municipal Science and Technology Commission, the Municipal Finance Bureau, the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, the Municipal Financial Supervision Bureau, and the district governments are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　(5) Providing site support. Strengthen the construction of the incubation system of "one street, four parks and multiple points" college students’ pioneer park, and provide free venue support for college graduates in Beijing within 2 years of graduation for no more than 3 years. About 30% of the places for entrepreneurial carriers such as incubation bases invested and developed by the government are provided to college graduates free of charge. Each district can give a venue rental subsidy to college graduates who rent entrepreneurial venues for the first time. (The Municipal Education Commission, the Zhongguancun Administrative Committee of the Municipal Science and Technology Commission, the Municipal Finance Bureau, the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, the Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, and the district governments are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　(6) Improve the incentive mechanism. We will promote the improvement of flexible academic system management and methods for identifying entrepreneurial achievements in colleges and universities, and allow college students to drop out of school to start businesses, and the teaching courses such as innovative entrepreneurial practice and internship training that meet the requirements of entrepreneurial experience and entrepreneurial achievements are exempted and included in credits according to regulations. Encourage the awards of national and municipal innovation and entrepreneurship competitions as a reference for promoting Excellence and exemption. Encourage colleges and universities to allow the founders or main founders of entrepreneurial organizations to apply for graduation or degree with the entrepreneurial achievements related to their own majors as graduation thesis (design). The core members of high-quality college graduates’ entrepreneurial enterprises recommended by the municipal college students’ pioneer park, the municipal entrepreneurship incubation demonstration base and the college students’ growth enterprise market can apply for a work residence permit if they meet the conditions; Entrepreneurial enterprises have achieved remarkable results or promoted employment. If the promoters or main founders meet the requirements for the introduction of graduates, they may apply for the introduction. Start the pilot project of affordable rental housing for college graduates in Beijing during the graduation year. (The Municipal Talent Bureau, the Municipal Education Commission, the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, the Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee, the Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, the Communist Youth League Committee, and the district governments are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

　　Third, improve the ability and quality

　　(7) Strengthen employment guidance. Improve the curriculum system of employment guidance in colleges and universities, and select a number of municipal employment guidance "golden courses" and career guidance teacher studios. Organize human resources service organizations, enterprise human resources managers, etc., and go deep into the campus for policy preaching, experience sharing and practical guidance. (The Municipal Education Commission, the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, the district governments, etc. are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

　　(8) Organizing vocational training. Guide vocational colleges and application-oriented undergraduate colleges to cooperate with enterprises and vocational training institutions to carry out order-based training, orientation training and post-creation training. Encourage college graduates in Beijing to participate in free vocational skills training and entrepreneurship training. For the vocational qualification examination or vocational skill level examination that requires academic degree certificate as the application condition, candidates are allowed to take part in the examination evaluation first. If they pass the examination evaluation, the vocational qualification certificate or vocational skill level certificate will be issued after obtaining the relevant academic degree certificate. College graduates in this city will participate in the new apprenticeship training organized by enterprises within the graduation year newly hired by enterprises, and will be given training subsidies according to regulations. (Municipal Education Commission, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, district governments, etc. are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

　　(9) Strengthen practical exercise. Build a number of college graduates’ workplace experience bases to realize the sharing of internship resources. Promote the recruitment plan for employment trainee posts, support enterprises and institutions, social organizations, government investment projects, scientific research projects, etc. to set up trainee posts, and eligible applicants can apply for employment trainee subsidies. The probation unit that has signed a labor contract with the trainee before the probation period expires will be given the probation subsidy for the remaining period, and this policy will continue until December 31, 2022. Unemployed college graduates who leave school to participate in internships at grassroots internship bases or participate in project research at enterprises and institutions shall be regarded as grassroots work experience, counting from the date of registration. Build a sharing platform for school-enterprise practical training, and promote colleges and universities to carry out skills upgrading practical training with state-owned enterprises and private enterprises with high technology. (Municipal Party Committee Organization Department, Municipal Education Commission, Zhongguancun Management Committee of Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Finance Bureau, Civil Affairs Bureau, Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, district governments, etc. are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

　　Fourth, the implementation of key assistance

　　(ten) to carry out employment assistance. Take college graduates from low-income families, zero-employment families, families enjoying regular pensions and subsidies and disabled college graduates in this city as key employment assistance targets, establish a school-land linkage assistance mechanism, implement "one person, one file" and "one policy for life" to provide at least 3-5 employment opportunities for each person, and give priority to organizing vocational training and employment internships. For those who are really difficult to find employment through market channels, they can rely on public welfare posts according to their personal wishes. To meet the requirements of college graduates in Beijing, each person will be given a one-time job-seeking and entrepreneurship subsidy in 1000 yuan. Implement the "Central Special Lottery Public Welfare Fund Hongzhi Navigation Aid Plan" and carry out employment ability training. In accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, the implementation of national student loans to postpone repayment, interest relief and other support measures, during the extension period, no compound interest, no penalty interest, not as overdue records submitted. Implement the Communist Youth League’s action to promote college students’ employment, and carry out employment pairing assistance for key group graduates. Strengthen youth employment assistance, allow previous college graduates, graduates returning from studying abroad and unemployed youth to apply for job registration and unemployment registration, provide equal basic public employment services, and implement employment and entrepreneurship support policies in accordance with regulations. In-depth implementation of the youth employment sailing plan, carry out accurate assistance, and guide them to find employment and start businesses as soon as possible.(Business Management Department of the People’s Bank of China, Beijing Banking Insurance Regulatory Bureau, Municipal Education Commission, Civil Affairs Bureau, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Veterans Affairs, Communist Youth League Committee, Municipal Disabled Persons’ Federation, district governments, etc. are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

　　(eleven) to promote entrepreneurship assistance. Provide employment assistance to college graduates who fail to start their own businesses; Those who are willing to work for entrepreneurial failure actively recommend jobs. Each district, in combination with the actual situation in this district, will provide entrepreneurial subsidies to those who have the conditions for starting a second business; Those who meet the conditions of social assistance should be given social assistance. (The Municipal Education Commission, the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, the district governments, etc. are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

　　V. Improving service efficiency

　　(12) Simplify employment procedures. We will implement the reform of the employment registration card system for college graduates. From 2023, we will no longer issue the Employment Registration Card for College Graduates and the Employment Registration Card for Graduate Graduates (hereinafter referred to as the Employment Registration Card), cancel the procedures for re-issuing and reassigning the Employment Registration Card, and no longer use the Employment Registration Card as a necessary material for handling the recruitment, employment, settlement, file reception and transfer of college graduates. Colleges and universities should promptly put the graduate registration form, transcripts and other materials into student files and forward them in an orderly manner in accordance with relevant regulations. Actively carry out archives policy propaganda, and dynamically update and publish the directory of public employment service institutions in various districts to facilitate the inquiry of universities and graduates. Promote online signing and implement mutual recognition of the results of on-the-job physical examination. Integration of real-name services, job recruitment, employment internships and other matters "packaged", the implementation of college graduates to start a business to start a market entity "one network to run." (Municipal Party Committee Organization Department, Beijing Municipal Taxation Bureau, Municipal Postal Administration, Municipal Education Commission, Municipal Economic and Information Bureau, Municipal Public Security Bureau, Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Municipal Health and Wellness Commission, Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, Municipal Government Affairs Service Bureau, Municipal Housing Provident Fund Management Center, and district governments are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　(13) Improve the service system. Promote education, human resources and social security, state-owned assets and other public employment recruitment platforms and the sharing of recruitment information on university campus networks. In-depth development of "public employment services into the campus" activities, comprehensive use of online and offline channels to ensure that graduates’ employment services are continuous. Enterprises and institutions in this city can arrange recruitment time reasonably according to the impact of the epidemic and the employment needs of college graduates, and encourage online written tests and interviews. We will continue to promote the real-name service for unemployed college graduates who have left school, and establish contact with graduates who are willing to work through means such as data sharing, telephone inquiry, and grassroots arrangement, and provide free vocational guidance, three job recommendations, and one vocational training or employment internship opportunity for each person. Create a "government+university+park+market" full chain entrepreneurial service model, give full play to the resource advantages of Zhongguancun National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone, and provide accelerated incubation services for outstanding college graduates’ entrepreneurial projects. Support professional forces such as operating human resources service institutions and social organizations to participate in employment services for college graduates. (The Municipal Education Commission, the Zhongguancun Administrative Committee of the Municipal Science and Technology Commission, the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, the Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, and the district governments are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

　　Sixth, strengthen organizational guarantee

　　(14) Pay close attention to team building. Adhere to the employment and education, colleges and universities are equipped with strong employment guidance teachers according to a certain proportion, and qualified employment guidance teachers can participate in the evaluation of relevant professional titles. The employment departments in each district arrange a certain proportion of staff to be fully responsible for the employment and entrepreneurship of college graduates. Regularly carry out business study and training exchanges to improve the professional level of the employment and entrepreneurship work team. In the commendation of advanced collectives and individuals in the city’s employment and entrepreneurship work, we will increase the commendation of college graduates’ employment and entrepreneurship work and give play to the leading role of advanced models. (The Municipal Education Commission, the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, the district governments, etc. are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

　　(fifteen) to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests. Strengthen the comprehensive law enforcement and supervision of employers and human resources service institutions, investigate and deal with illegal job introduction, false recruitment, resume sales, employment discrimination and illegal credit in the name of job hunting, training, employment and entrepreneurship, and protect the employment rights and interests of college graduates according to law. (The Municipal Education Commission, the Municipal Public Security Bureau, the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, the Municipal Financial Supervision Bureau, the Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, the district governments, etc. are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

　　(sixteen) extensive publicity and guidance. Vigorously publicize the employment and entrepreneurship policy and promote college graduates to make full use of various measures. Tell the typical stories of college graduates going to grass-roots communities and producing first-line employment and entrepreneurship, and carry out study and publicity activities such as "the most beautiful grass-roots college graduates", "typical figures of graduates’ employment and entrepreneurship", "excellent retired college students’ soldiers" and "typical cases of school employment and entrepreneurship", so as to guide college graduates to establish correct views on job selection, employment and success, and create a good atmosphere for the whole society to support college graduates’ employment and entrepreneurship. (The Propaganda Department of the Municipal Party Committee, the Municipal Education Commission, the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, the Municipal Bureau of Veterans Affairs, the Municipal Conscription Office, the Communist Youth League Committee and the district governments are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

Who is Baqing? Most people may not be familiar with it, but those who have watched the TV series "Looking for Qin" are deeply impressed by the talented and restrained heroine Qin Qing.

As a teacher of Ying Zheng, Qin Qing was familiar with Confucianism, Taoism and Legalism, and had his own unique and accurate views on world affairs and the way of governing the country.

Qin Qing in the TV series "Searching for Qin"

The prototype of Qin Qing in history is Ba Qing.

Ba Qing, a native of Ba County in Qin Dynasty. She was the first woman in China’s historical records to get rich by doing business, and her deeds were first seen in Sima Qian’s Biography of Historical Records and Huo Zhi: "The widow of Ba was clean, and she got the Danxue first, but she was good at benefiting several generations, and her family was not ashamed. Qing, a widow, can keep her job, defend herself with money, and not be invaded. Emperor Qin thought that a virtuous woman was a guest, in order to build a clear platform for her. Widows in poor rural areas are famous for their courtesy and resistance to all things. Isn’t it rich and evil? "

She is a widow. She became rich by mining cinnabar, and was "the earliest female entrepreneur in China". She once donated money to Qin Shihuang to build the Great Wall and made outstanding contributions to the cause of Qin Empire. After her death, Qin Shihuang ordered the construction of "Huaiqing Terrace".

Such a rich woman in Qin Dynasty and the first female entrepreneur in China were called "widows in poor villages" in Sima Qian’s comments. So, how did she achieve "courtesy against all odds, famous in the world"?

Business legends are not just "personal legends"

Cinnabar, also known as cinnabar and Cinnabar, is the main mineral raw material for extracting mercury.

In the daily life of modern society, cinnabar has gradually faded out of people’s realization, while in ancient China society, cinnabar has a wide range of uses.

Cinnabar is a Chinese herbal medicine, which has sedative, tranquilizing and bactericidal effects, and is also an important raw material for ancient alchemy.

In addition, cinnabar can be used for dyeing cloth and building. In the hundreds of years from the early Warring States to the Qin Shihuang era, cinnabar became a prosperous product.

cinnabar

Sulfur-rich ore is the main raw material of cinnabar, and Ba County, where Ba widow Qing is located, is the place where sulfur-rich ore is stored.

Sima Qian’s Biography of Huo Zhi in Historical Records pointed out that Bashu was rich in cinnabar, "Bashu was in the south, and Bashu was also fertile, and the land was rich in ginger, cinnabar, bronze, bamboo and wood."

Today, the distribution of endogenous mercury deposits in China is still the same, with the most concentrated in southern Chongqing, northeastern Guizhou and western Hunan, that is, the vicinity of Wujiang River, such as Youyang, Xiushan, Wuchuan, Tongren, Wanshan, Xinhuang and Fenghuang.

The "Dansha" production base of "Ba Widow Qing" is located in the most concentrated area of mercury mines in China.

Ba County’s rich cinnabar mineral resources and commercial value provide a unique geographical advantage and excellent background for Ba Qing’s commercial road.

According to local legend, the great-grandfather of the widow Qing’s husband was a doctor. When he was collecting medicine, he found a cave full of cinnabar mines, so he immediately raised funds, hired workers, mined alchemy and extracted mercury.

Since then, the family business has grown bigger and bigger, and its sales area has become wider and wider. By the generation of widow and husband, it has operated a number of ore mines, and its sales have spread all over Ba County and even all over the country.

According to the research, women in Qin and Han dynasties had more freedom of property, and obviously had greater control over the right to dispose of family property.

After losing her husband or being divorced, women in the Han Dynasty can still get their husbands’ fields and houses to stand on their own feet.

Baqing statue

A woman who dares to carry heavy burdens

If Baqing started from the cinnabar industry as a foreshadowing of family business, he can still maintain his business after her husband’s death, and his business will grow bigger and bigger, so that he can reach the point of "courtesy against all odds". It must be said that Baqing has his unique business mind and personal courage.

In management, she pays attention to the quality of cinnabar and creates brand effect, which makes Badi cinnabar famous all over the world.

In internal management, rewards and punishments are clear, and both rigidity and softness are combined.

In personnel appointment, knowing people and being good at their duties is meritocratic.

Baqing "used money to defend himself, but not to invade" and was praised by Qin Shihuang as a "virtuous woman".

According to records, there were thousands of servants and tens of thousands of workers and soldiers in Baqing’s family. At that time, the total population of a county was only 40,000 to 50,000. Baqing has become a local "overlord".

However, in the legends of later generations, Ba Qing’s image has never been as mean and greedy as Shylock or as cunning and stingy as Grandet, but as a resolute and feminine image unique to women.

Legend has it that one year Baqing’s hometown was hit by a heavy hail, and many people nearby were homeless.

Baqing offered a huge sum of silver to resettle the lives of the victims and help them resume production and rebuild their homes.

The cemetery of widows after the Qing Dynasty was called "Shenxian Cave" by local people, and it became a place of worship for people to pray and show their saints.

As a widow, Ba Qing "defends herself with money, but she can’t be invaded", so some people speculate that she will be able to compete with Qin Shihuang. What’s more, she may have a huge private armed force and calculate that she will spend a huge amount of military money every year.

In order to maintain business and protect commercial interests, Baqing must have its own guard force. However, under the background of Qin Shihuang’s unification of the six countries and the collection of weapons from all over the world, it is somewhat unrealistic to say that Baqing has an army that can compete with the Qin Empire.

Baqing used money to defend himself and avoid aggression, which was not only driven by money power, but also by women’s kindness and dedication.

Baqing statue

Mother Teresa is such an example: when the Kosovo civil war broke out in Yugoslavia, Teresa found the commander in charge of the war and said that women and children in the war zone could not escape.

The commander told her this: "Sister, I want to cease fire, but the other side keeps on, so there is nothing I can do."

Teresa said, "Well, I have to go!"

Teresa entered the war zone, and as soon as both sides heard that Mother Teresa was in the war zone, both sides immediately ceased fire.

When she took the women and children out of the war zone, the two sides fought again.

The news later reached the United Nations. At that time, UN Secretary-General Annan heard the news and praised: "Even I can’t do this."

The most powerful force in this world is never money or force, but the personal charm of the common people.

Such women can often stand in the forefront of the times, standing at the top of the trend, not being annihilated by the historical waves, but enduring with the precipitation of years.

Meeting Qin Shihuang: Shopping malls have never been a battlefield for one person.

If Ba Qing hadn’t met Qin Shihuang, then she might just be a generation of local rich people, and her influence was far less profound than it is now.

Later generations can’t help but daydream about the relationship between Qin Shihuang and Ba Qing, and even speculate that there is a subtle relationship between them that is unclear and unclear.

There is nothing wrong with this romantic imagination, but it also ignores the individual’s efforts and courage in success, and denies the shaping role of an era and a society.

Overlooking the mausoleum of Qin Shihuang

There are three main points about the connection between Baqing and Qin Shihuang:

First, Qin Shihuang pursued immortality, and sent Xu Fu to lead 3,000 boys and girls to seek immortality.

Bashu is an important birthplace of early Taoism, and refining and taking Dan medicine is an important means for Taoists to pursue immortality. Ba widow mastered the production of cinnabar and probably mastered the early alchemy, so she was trusted and reused by Qin Shihuang.

In addition, according to modern scientific detection, there is a large amount of mercury in the mausoleum of Qin Dynasty, which shows that there was also a large demand for cinnabar, the main mineral raw material for extracting mercury.

Secondly, Baqing contributed a huge amount of property to the cause of Qin Empire. Qin Shihuang swept the six countries, and waging war needed economic support. Although the policy of "emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce" was implemented since Shang Yang’s political reform, businessmen played an indispensable role in the establishment of the Qin Empire. Lv Buwei, a former prime minister, was also a businessman.

Baqing has huge property, actively supports the construction of the Great Wall, and donates tens of thousands of silver savings to the court as expenses.

Thirdly, Pakistan is the frontier area of Qin Empire, and Baqing, as the richest man in Pakistan, is inextricably linked with Qin Shihuang, which contributes to the stability of the unified border of the empire.

Qin Shihuang praised Ba Qing as a "virtuous woman" and built a "pregnant platform", which is far from being Qin Shihuang’s longing for Ba Qing as invented by unofficial history. This is more of a hindrance to imperial interests, a demonstration role and a reward mechanism to encourage businessmen and border people to be loyal to the rule of the Qin Dynasty.

It is also said that Qin Shihuang was using Baqing, but he threw away the shackles of imperial hierarchy and thought about it in another way. The relationship between Qin Shihuang and Baqing was not only a kind of cooperation, but also an "equal exchange" between the two sides and a "better self".

Portrait of Qin Shihuang

In addition, women’s business is not an individual phenomenon in the history of Qin and Han Dynasties.

According to the biography of Han Wang Mang, the son of Lu Mu, an evil woman, was "unjustly killed" by local officials. Lu Mu scattered her wealth, bought weapons by selling wine, recruited young people from poor families, and carried out revenge plans.

Although the purpose of Lu’s mother is not commercial activities, it shows that women’s business in the Han Dynasty is not eye-catching.

There is also Zhuo Wenjun, a famous talented woman in the Western Han Dynasty. After eloping with Sima Xiangru, her family cut off her financial resources, so she opened a wine house with Sima Xiangru and sold wine herself.

Later, Zhuo Wenjun’s father, Zhuo Wangsun, could not bear his daughter’s suffering, and gave her 100 slaves, 1 million yuan and various belongings, and the husband and wife bought land and houses.

With these original funds, if Wen Jun went into business, there would probably be another businesswoman in the Qin and Han Dynasties, right?