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National customs： building a port quarantine defense line. New diseases are only one flight away.

　　From January to July this year, 12,565 cases of infectious diseases were detected by the national customs entry quarantine, up by 8.62% year-on-year. Zika virus disease and Chikungunya fever were detected for the first time, and cholera, Zika and other major infectious diseases were detected many times. However, traditional infectious diseases such as plague, cholera and yellow fever break out from time to time all over the world, and new infectious diseases such as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Middle East respiratory syndrome and Zika virus disease are constantly emerging, which may become "black swan" and "grey rhinoceros" in the field of infectious diseases at any time, bringing severe challenges to global public health and China Customs.

　　"At present, the global public health situation is very complicated and severe. The accelerated development of global trade, the more convenient transportation network and the more frequent personnel exchanges make there is only one flight distance between any new disease and the transmission area. " Zhang Jiwen, deputy director of the General Administration of Customs, said at the scene of an emergency drill for public health emergencies at ports recently held in Chongqing.

　　The reporter of "Legal Daily" learned from the General Administration of Customs that from January to July this year, 12,565 cases of infectious diseases were detected by the national customs entry quarantine, an increase of 8.62% year-on-year. Zika virus disease and Chikungunya fever were detected for the first time, and major infectious diseases such as cholera and Zika were detected many times. However, traditional infectious diseases such as plague, cholera and yellow fever break out from time to time all over the world, and new infectious diseases such as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Middle East respiratory syndrome and Zika virus disease are constantly emerging, which may become "black swan" and "grey rhinoceros" in the field of infectious diseases at any time, bringing severe challenges to global public health and China Customs.

The epidemic situation is unprecedentedly grim.

　　In the development of human history, the struggle against infectious diseases is an eternal main line.

　　Infectious diseases, such as smallpox, plague and cholera, have spread widely all over the world, causing hundreds of millions of casualties, which has seriously disrupted social order and affected social and economic development.

　　According to Adrian Xu, director of the Department of Health and Quarantine of the General Administration of Customs, in the 21st century, the impact of various infectious diseases has not decreased with the growth of the world economy and the improvement of people’s living standards, but with the improvement of the world transportation facilities, the epidemic situation of infectious diseases has spread rapidly around the world. In recent years, the global epidemic situation of infectious diseases has broken out one after another, with one or two new and recurrent infectious diseases appearing every year. The outbreak frequency is getting denser and denser, the scope is getting wider and wider, the harm degree is getting deeper and deeper, and the import risk is getting bigger and bigger, which makes the global public health situation unprecedented.

　　In 2014, the Ebola outbreak broke out in three African countries, causing fear and travel restrictions that almost paralyzed the whole world.

　　In 2015, a business traveler infected with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome virus returned to South Korea, quickly infecting 186 people, killing 38 people and isolating 17,000 people, which led to the disorder of health system and society in South Korea. South Korea’s exports fell by 10.9% year-on-year, and the president was forced to cancel his visit to the United States. The epidemic also spread to China.

　　In 2016, after 60 years of silence in Africa and Asia, Zika virus disease suddenly became popular in Brazil and continued to spread across borders. Because Zika virus can cause neonatal microcephaly, the World Health Organization declared it a public health emergency of international concern.

　　In July this year, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the epidemic situation of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in Congo (DRC) has constituted a public health emergency of international concern, and the risk of epidemic spread has intensified, and the pressure of prevention and control has increased.

　　Adrian Xu told reporters that in the first half of this year, the monitoring information of the global infectious disease information monitoring network involved 68 infectious diseases and 140 countries and regions. From the range of occurrence, except influenza, measles, dengue fever, chikungunya fever, cholera and malaria are widely prevalent; According to the degree of harm, pneumonic plague, Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Middle East respiratory syndrome, Lassa fever and Hantavirus lung syndrome are the most common causes of death. In terms of epidemic areas, Ebola hemorrhagic fever, plague, cholera, yellow fever, Lassa fever and rift valley fever are mainly prevalent in Africa, cholera, Middle East respiratory syndrome and dengue fever are mainly prevalent in Asia, and dengue fever and measles are mainly prevalent in America and Europe.

Tens of thousands of infectious diseases were detected.

　　Various infectious diseases not only pose a great threat to people’s health and safety, but also have a great impact on social stability and national economy. With the continuous deepening of China’s "Belt and Road" construction and opening up, as well as the accelerated development of global trade, the more convenient transportation network and the more frequent personnel exchanges, human beings have formed a "community of destiny" in the face of epidemic diseases as never before.

　　To this end, the national customs has built a port quarantine defense line to prevent the introduction of major epidemics. From January to July this year, 12565 cases of infectious diseases were detected by the national customs entry quarantine.

　　On June 10th, the customs staff of Ningbo Airport found that many passengers on a flight from Bangkok had vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and other symptoms. Customs officers immediately carried out on-site investigation and disposal, and found that 15 passengers belonging to the same tour group had symptoms of digestive tract infection. After collecting blood and other samples, the staff issued a convenient card for seeing a doctor and told them to see a doctor as soon as possible before releasing it. On June 14th, Ningbo Health Center reported that three passengers were positive for enterohemolytic Escherichia coli O157:H7. The customs immediately informed the passengers of the test results by telephone, and suggested that they go to the hospital for further review and diagnosis and treatment, and reported the disposal situation to the Ningbo Municipal Government and informed the Ningbo Municipal Health and Health Commission. At the same time, strengthen cooperation with tourism management departments, issue early warnings to travel agencies in a timely manner, and ask the recent travel team to Thailand to pay attention to the relevant epidemic situation and make adjustments to travel routes.

　　On July 1st, Kunming Customs found a China male passenger with high body temperature among the people who entered Myanmar at Changshui Airport. On-site staff immediately re-measured the passenger’s body temperature, conducted epidemiological investigation and medical investigation. After investigation, the passenger’s axillary temperature was 37.7℃, accompanied by headache, muscle and joint pain and other symptoms. The staff initially judged that they might be infected with mosquito-borne infectious diseases, so they collected blood samples for inspection at the first time. On July 2, Yunnan Health Center detected that the passenger was positive for Zika virus nucleic acid. The customs immediately informed the patients by telephone, gave them health education and informed the Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

　　On July 11th, a flight from Kenya declared to Guangzhou Baiyun Airport Customs that a female passenger from the Democratic Republic of Congo had fever, vomiting and diarrhea during the flight. Customs officers determined that it was a suspicious case of Ebola hemorrhagic fever. The customs will start the joint prevention and control mechanism and emergency plan at the first time, and take protective and disinfection measures; Isolate the passenger, contact the local medical institution to transfer him to another hospital, deliver the sample overnight and start the 24-hour inspection mechanism. The next day, the Health and Quarantine Laboratory (P3) of the Technology Center reported that the suspected Ebola virus disease was excluded.

Prevent and resolve health risks

　　"Preventing and resolving major risks is one of the three tough battles established by the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Specific to the customs health and quarantine work, it is necessary to adhere to the bottom line thinking of preventing major epidemics and strictly controlling the security of the country, and resolutely prevent and resolve the hidden dangers of public health and safety risks at ports." Lin Wei, director of the Health and Quarantine Department of the General Administration of Customs, said.

　　In April 2018, in accordance with the unified arrangements for the reform of the party and state institutions, the duties and teams of entry-exit inspection and quarantine management were assigned to the General Administration of Customs. After the institutional reform, the customs has more supervision responsibilities, wider supervision scope and longer supervision chain, and the pressure and challenge of maintaining national security is greater than at any time in history, which puts forward new and higher requirements for customs health and quarantine work.

　　In order to prevent the introduction of major epidemic diseases and build a strong port quarantine defense line, the customs health quarantine explored the mode of "moving the border forward", sent elite soldiers and strong generals to carry out epidemic prevention and control abroad, and constantly improved the overseas infectious disease monitoring system. Strict port quarantine inspection, so that every doubt must be investigated and every policeman must be dealt with, improve laboratory testing ability, implement precision quarantine projects, carry out cross-border joint monitoring of vector organisms at key ports, implement port food safety and health supervision and sampling plan, and constantly improve the port health quarantine prevention and control system.

　　In order to improve the international travel health service for key groups such as expatriate laborers, the Customs has continuously improved the international travel health service system. In recent years, major epidemics such as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Middle East respiratory syndrome and Zika virus disease have been properly handled, and the country has been kept. The first case of rhabdovirus infection in China and the second case in the world were detected, and six new viruses, such as yellow fever virus, Zika virus, Rift Valley fever virus, Cooper fever virus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, which were not seen in China, were detected, achieving both "absolute quantity" and "gold content" of epidemic detection.

　　In order to strengthen supervision, optimize services and actively serve the overall situation of development. The Customs has optimized the examination and approval process for special articles, and the settlement rate reached 95% in 5 days. Implement risk management, strengthen supervision after the event, reduce the burden on enterprises, and support biomedical research and industrial development. Port health permit "two certificates in one", cancel the health permit for storage sites at border ports, and realize the online operation of 13 health and quarantine government services; Excellent completion of G20 summit, APEC meeting, Shanghai Cooperation Summit, Beijing Summit of Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, the first China International Import Expo(CIIE) and other major activities.

　　The open ports of 273 countries in China have passed the acceptance of the core competence of port public health, fulfilled the agreement of the International Health Regulations and fulfilled the commitment of China. Ningbo’s experience of "Hong Kong-wide Demonstration City for Health Creation" has been promoted to the whole world by WHO. In addition, the first port public health risk monitoring, early warning and decision-making system has been built to realize comprehensive monitoring, automatic early warning, scientific decision-making and rapid response to global infectious diseases and vectors; It is the largest sanitary treatment scale of large ships in the world. For the first time, the whole ship fumigated a 100,000-ton ship and killed 600,000 live cockroaches.

　　Participate in international health governance and give voice to China. The Customs implemented the action of health aid to Africa and promoted the construction of African CDC. Establish the WHO International Health Regulations (Port) Cooperation Center and the International Travel Health Cooperation Center, actively strengthen health and quarantine cooperation with international organizations, neighboring countries and regions, and countries along the Belt and Road, and gradually establish information exchange and joint emergency response mechanisms, so as to contribute "China experience" to international health governance and epidemic prevention and control, and demonstrate "China’s responsibility".

　　The relevant person in charge of the General Administration of Customs said that in the next step, the national customs will resolutely implement the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary "Building a port quarantine defense line", adhere to the bottom line thinking, strengthen port epidemic prevention and control and emergency drills, and actively deepen joint prevention and control with departments at all levels to prevent the cross-border spread of infectious diseases and effectively protect people’s lives and health. (Legal Daily reporter Cai Yanhong)

More than 30,000 people in Wenchuan were evacuated due to mountain torrents and mudslides.

On August 20, rescuers sent life jackets to the affected people in Xinzhuang Village, Keku Township, Wenchuan County. Xinhua news agency

On August 20, rescuers sent life jackets to the affected people in Xinzhuang Village, Keku Township, Wenchuan County. Xinhua news agency

Transfer tourists.

Transfer tourists.

Transfer the affected people. According to China forest fire official micro

Transfer the affected people. According to China forest fire official micro

　　Sanjiang town mobile phone signal has been restored, and tourists are being evacuated.

　　Affected by mountain torrents and mudslides, sanjiang town, Wenchuan County was once interrupted by traffic and communication.

　　After five hours’ hard journey, at 7: 00 pm on the 20th, the reporter followed the rescue vehicle of Sichuan Fire and Rescue Corps and finally arrived in sanjiang town Town. At this time, the flood has receded, a thick layer of silt is piled up on the streets, and branches and other sundries are piled up on both sides of the roads, and the edges of many roads have been washed away.

　　It is understood that sanjiang town is organizing the evacuation of tourists in an orderly manner, but due to the interruption of national and provincial roads, the only way to transfer tourists abroad is to borrow the Yaozishan Village Road. With the rescue workers scrambling for communication, power supply and other infrastructure, the cell phone signal has gradually recovered.

　　Siniangshan town police relay escort to persuade stranded tourists to return

　　Xiaojin County, Aba Prefecture — Wenchuan County — The first-line road in Chengdu was interrupted, and the construction of Siguniang Mountain road could not pass normally, which led to tourists being stranded in Siguniang Mountain Town.

　　Upon hearing the news, Xiaojin police immediately arranged the Siguniang Mountain traffic police squadron to the Siguniang Mountain card point to persuade the stranded tourists to return, and at the same time communicated and coordinated with the construction party to release the stranded vehicles in advance. All police stations and traffic police squadrons along the highway set up two service persuasion points (Siguniang Mountain Card Point and Jiajin Mountains Qiaotou) to carry out persuasion, and Xiaojin traffic police squadrons escorted the stranded tourists from Siguniang Mountain Town in batches by relay — Meixing Town, Xiaojin County — Danba County, Ganzi Prefecture, safely escorted out of the country.

　　As of press time, the traffic police squadron of Siguniang Mountain persuaded more than 1,200 vehicles and more than 4,000 people to return. At present, except the tourists who are visiting Siguniang Mountain, all the other tourists have been persuaded to return.

　　Wenchuan police car clears the way and 100 buses are diverted to Beichuan.

　　In the early morning of August 20, heavy rains in Wenchuan County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province caused many roads to be interrupted, so a large number of vehicles had to be diverted. They entered Beichuan from Maoxian County and borrowed Provincial Highway 302 to Mianyang, including hundreds of tourist buses.

　　Since Maoxian to Beichuan are all mountainous roads, Aba police and Mianyang police adopt a joint escort mechanism to implement traffic control on the roads and use police cars to clear the way to ensure the safe passage of all types of vehicles.

　　At the request of the Provincial Emergency Department, the Transportation Management Bureau of the Sichuan Provincial Department of Transportation arranged to mobilize the Chengdu Transportation General Vehicle to leave in batches and go to Wenchuan Shuimo to evacuate the stranded passengers. The first batch of 11 buses left around 5 pm, and the second batch of 9 buses also left at 17: 40.

　　Huaxi Dushi Bao-Cover Journalist Zhong Xiaolu Li Zhitian’s Road Comprehensive Report

　　Storm warning attention! There is still heavy rainfall in Maoxian County, Wenchuan.

　　The provincial flood control and drought relief headquarters simultaneously issued a yellow warning for mountain torrents.

　　The Sichuan Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a blue rainstorm warning at 15: 45 on August 20:

　　It is estimated that there will be thunderstorms or showers in the western part of the basin from 20: 00 on the 20th to 20: 00 on the 21st, including heavy rain (rainfall 50-80mm) in Ya ‘an, southwest Chengdu, west Meishan, north Leshan and Xuanying area in Aba Prefecture, and heavy rain (rainfall 120-180mm) in some places.

　　At 1700 hours, the Sichuan Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters issued a yellow warning for mountain torrents.

　　Chengdu Meteorological Observatory issued a yellow rainstorm warning at 16: 00 on August 20th:

　　It is estimated that there will be showers or thunderstorms on cloudy days from 20: 00 on the 20th to 20: 00 on the 21st in Chengdu, with heavy rain to heavy rain in some parts of western mountainous areas, with rainfall exceeding 100mm in some places and short-term gale during thunderstorms.

　　Aba Prefecture Meteorological Observatory issued a yellow rainstorm warning at 16: 50 on August 20th:

　　It is estimated that there will be an obvious precipitation weather process in Aba Prefecture from 20: 00 on the 20th to 20: 00 on the 21st, in which precipitation of more than 25mm will occur in parts of four counties, including Wenchuan County, Maoxian County, Lixian County and Xiaojin County, and precipitation of more than 50mm will occur in parts of Wenchuan Xuanying District and Maoxian County. When the process comes, it will be accompanied by strong convective weather such as lightning, sudden gale and short-term heavy precipitation.

　　The yellow warning level of rainstorm is defined as: rainfall of more than 50 mm occurred in the past 24 hours, and it is expected that there will still be rainfall of more than 50 mm in the above areas in the next 24 hours; or it is expected that there will be rainfall of more than 100 mm in the next 24 hours, and there will be rainfall of more than 250 mm locally.

　　According to the rainstorm warning, the local government and relevant departments should make good preparations for preventing rainstorm: schools and kindergartens should take measures to ensure the safety of students and children; Strengthen traffic management in heavy rainfall sections and waterlogged sections to ensure safety; Cut off the dangerous outdoor power supply in low-lying areas, suspend outdoor work in open places, transfer people in dangerous areas and residents in dangerous houses to safe places to shelter from the rain, transfer materials in low-injection places, and close the road to dry goods; Check the drainage system of towns, farmland and dams, and take necessary drainage measures to ensure that ponds and reservoirs maintain a safe water level; Drivers should pay attention to waterlogged roads and landslides to ensure driving safety. According to Sichuan Online

　　Three policemen in Chengdu lost contact in disaster relief.

　　The two have confirmed their sacrifice.

　　Huaxi Dushi Bao (Reporter Zhong Xiaotong) In the early morning of August 21st, the reporter learned from the Dayi County Public Security Bureau in Chengdu that a deputy director and an auxiliary police officer of the Xiling Police Station of Dayi County Public Security Bureau died due to rescue, and another auxiliary police officer still lost contact.

　　At 2: 11 am on August 20, a flash flood broke out in Yunhua Village, Xiling Town, Sichuan Province, which caused some roads to collapse and was seriously damaged. Vehicles and personnel could not pass through and were in urgent need of rescue.

　　After receiving the police from Xiling Police Station, li ke (male, 34 years old), deputy director, led Zhou Zhengliang (male, 39 years old) and Luo Yonghong (male, 36 years old), the auxiliary police officers, to drive the police car for disposal.

　　At 3: 10 pm on the 20th, after the command center of Dayi County Public Security Bureau lost contact with li ke and others, it immediately ordered the surrounding police to search. At the same time, the follow-up forces were organized to rescue the help-seeking personnel, and the trapped personnel were successfully rescued.

　　At about 14 o’clock, searchers found the bodies of li ke and Zhou Zhengliang in Lianghekou and Huashuiwan Dam respectively. At about 20 o’clock, due to the weather, the search and rescue work for Luo Yonghong, a lost auxiliary police officer, was suspended, and the search and rescue will continue on the 21st.

Interview ｜ After 90, he shot the acting peak of the Golden Rooster Award for Best Actress.

The pilot poster was created by Luo Xi, who graduated from Russian Repin Academy of Fine Arts, and director Li Xu.


Special feature of 1905 film network Li Xu, a teacher of Beijing Film Academy and post-90s director, directed his first feature film Sunflower in the Evening.


Screenwriters Liu Yibing and production designer, photography director Jin Guirong, modeling director, editing director, sound director Liu Xiaofei, composer Guo Haowei, etc. These names may be a little strange to ordinary movie audiences, but as long as you know a little about the history of contemporary movies in China, you must understand the heaviness of such a lineup.


The heroine of the film is the best actress who won both the Golden Rooster Award and the China Watch Award. These names are put together, and it is not an exaggeration to describe them as "palace level".Open the resumes of the masters, including a large number of classic works such as Latency.


What kind of movie will Sunflower in the Evening be when the post-90s new director meets the Golden Rooster and China Watch double-prize winner and the academic lineup?The film was previously shown as a special recommendation for the opening of the "Southern China (Zhuhai) Film Week" of the 30th University Student Film Festival of Beijing International Film Festival, and it is planned to be shown nationwide this year.


Director Li Xu once mentioned that as a movie fan, he was immersed in the film world of alexandro jodorowsky and other directors, and he also knew a lot about this kind of works.


What kind of style will it be when he picks up the guide tube and makes a movie himself? In 1905, the film network interviewed Li Xu, the director, and unveiled the mystery of Sunflower in the Evening in advance.


Director Li Xu.


01

A movie without a "story"


What kind of story will happen to a woman who has to face illness and death?Sunflower in the Evening tells the story of Xu Manfang, an urban woman, who decided to give up treatment and return to the place where she was young after suffering from a terminal illness, where she made new friends and regained memories of youth, and spent the last part of her life.


Li Xu, the director, said frankly that he wanted to think about life philosophy issues about life and death. "When knowing that life is about to press the stop button, Xu Manfang’s mood is different from ours, and her inner confusion and fear are very strange. This strangeness provides a different perspective for the film in terms of technique and form."


"I want to write a movie without any external plot conflict", Li Xu insisted on making an inward exploration work. During the script creation stage, he deduced many versions, but he was never satisfied. Finally, with the help of teacher Liu Yibing, the story content has both an abstract core and a concrete mystery.



The first draft of the script was originally named "Weird Woman", but Li Xu felt too straightforward. At that time, he happened to turn to a song list he had created before, called "Sunflower in the Evening", which was just in line with the temperament that the film wanted to pursue — — Sunflowers in the evening are still born in the sun, and there is a great romantic optimism.


Li Xu said, "This film will provide the audience with infinite possibilities of reading. It is a summoning structure, that is, it gives you a bowl, and you put all your life experiences and experiences into it to turn it into a complete and full work. It means that we have done a comma, and the final period should be given to the audience. "


02

Renhua Na: This may be my acting peak.


Renhua Na, the heroine, said to Li Xu after watching the film, "This may be the peak of my acting in my life.". This heartfelt feeling is a great affirmation for Li Xu.


Before the cooperation, Renhua Na had other new film invitations in the same period. It was the script of Sunflower in the Evening and the experimental and exploratory shooting techniques that attracted her to choose to star in this film. After filming, Renhua Na told Li Xu that her name means "sunflower" in Mongolian, and she was destined to have a deep fate with this film.


Renhua Na starred in Sunflower in the Evening.


Renhua Na’s acting skills have always been well-known. She has been nominated for the "Three Golden Awards" in China films for films such as "The Rustling of the Hunan Daughter", and won the Golden Rooster Award for Best Actress and the Chinese Film China Watch Award for Excellent Actress for her "Eji".


Renhua Na is very good at portraying people who are calm in appearance and complicated in heart, and Xu Manfang is also such a role. During the filming process, Li Xu hoped that Renhua Na could follow Xu Manfang into the mountain village alone, and in the process of life, he showed a state from not having a "soul" to gradually forming a "soul", so as to shape the whole role.


"Her performance is extremely flexible, with a particularly calm side and a particularly strong impact." Li Xu thinks that Renhua Na’s performance is completely beyond his original imagination, which endows the role with greater charm.


03

Professor-level academic school behind-the-scenes big coffee to create


"It is both lucky and difficult to connect this film with so many big coffees." During the creation, Li Xu fully felt the aesthetic height and instinct of the senior behind-the-scenes predecessors of the academic school, and their innovative designs and ideas made the film have a more advanced audio-visual aesthetics.



Juiping Cao, a professor from production designer and China Communication University, has cooperated with the director for many times and participated in the art work of classic works such as Hanging the Red Lantern High, story of qiu ju and My Father and Mother.


At an expert seminar on the film Sunflower in the Evening held not long ago, Mr. Juiping Cao once told reporters that he and Director Li Xu had found the artistic tone for the whole film by referring to the painting style of Danish painter Wilhelm Hammerhuy.


Li Xu University majored in film and television and photography, and now teaches the basic course of photography modeling at Beijing Film Academy. This film also reflects his thinking of telling stories with images.


Together with Jin Guirong, director of photography and professor of Communication University of China, he decided to adopt the form of single-camera long lens shooting, striving for perfection in composition, mirror movement and light and shadow, and at the same time using visual modeling images such as sunflower, shadow play and mirror, trying to construct poetic image characteristics for the film.


Director Li Xu is at the shooting scene of the movie Sunflower in the Evening.


The post-editing work of the film is also a "hundred turns and thousands of times" honing process, and the editing of every plot content is repeatedly "turned over" in the mind of director Li Xu.


Li Xu and Zhou Xinxia, the editing director and professor of Beijing Film Academy, discussed many times and decided not to adopt the conventional editing method of causal logic, but to try their best to show the richness of film language in the editing details. It took more than a year to finish the editing work.


Sunflower in the Evening took four years to complete, and it is planned to meet the national audience during the year. From the first shot, director Li Xu intended to immerse the audience in a quiet atmosphere. He hoped that after the release, everyone would take a break from the noisy real world, tidy up their mood, slowly walk into the illusory world where reality and unreality are intertwined in the film, and carefully feel the mental journey of a woman facing herself on the screen.


Hu Manzhi created and shared with you the ＂messenger＂ of intercellular communication-cytokines.

The future of cytokine detection is bound to be a red sea. You should know about these clinical applications.

Foreword:

In our bodies, there is a mysterious and powerful system, which always protects us from external pathogens. This system is our immune system, which is composed of many immune cells, like a well-trained army, always ready to resist foreign enemies. In this army, there is a mysterious force playing a role silently, which is cytokine.

Overview of cytokines

Cytokines are a kind of small molecular protein with wide biological activity, which is synthesized and secreted by immune cells (such as monocytes, macrophages, T cells, B cells, NK cells, etc.) and some non-immune cells (such as endothelial cells, epidermal cells, fibroblasts, etc.), and is equivalent to the "messenger" of mutual communication among various cells in human body.

It has many biological functions, such as regulating cell growth, differentiation and maturation, maintaining function, regulating immune response, participating in inflammatory reaction, wound healing and tumor growth and decline.

At present, the detection of cytokines is widely used in infections, kidney diseases, autoimmune diseases, tumors and malignant hematological diseases, which has important clinical significance in the diagnosis of diseases, the judgment of treatment opportunity, the guidance of medication, the monitoring of curative effect, the early warning of cytokine storm risk and the improvement of patients’ treatment efficiency.

Classification and main functions of cytokines

According to their main functions, cytokines can be divided into the following categories: interleukin (ILs), colony stimulating factor (CSFs), interferon (IFNs), tumor necrosis factor (TNFs), growth factor (GFs) and chemokine (CK).

1719451796139308.png

There are both pro-inflammatory factors and anti-inflammatory factors. Pro-inflammatory factors usually regulate the growth, activation, differentiation and homing of immune cells to infected sites, aiming at controlling and eradicating intracellular pathogens (including viruses); Anti-inflammatory cytokines are a series of immunomodulatory molecules that control the response of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

In the development of infection, the interaction between pro-inflammatory factors and anti-inflammatory factors runs through, which has a far-reaching impact on the development direction and outcome of infection.

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Clinical application value of cytokines

1, early diagnosis of infection, conducive to disease monitoring.

Shortening the window period helps to realize early diagnosis and win valuable time for treatment; The half-life is short, which is convenient to monitor the efficacy in time and ensure the effectiveness and safety of treatment; Complement with PCT and CRP, improve the accuracy of diagnosis and provide strong support for precise treatment.

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Note: In the Expert Consensus on Interpretation of Clinical Significance of Infection-related Biomarkers published in 2017, IL-6 has been regarded as one of the infection-related biomarkers.

2, help to determine the type of infection.

A study showed that IL-6 and IL-10 increased more than 10 times at the same time, suggesting G- bacteria infection; IL-6 increased by 2 times, and IL-10 increased by less than 10 times, suggesting G+ bacteria infection. According to the cytokine spectrum, the effective rate of identifying Gram bacteria to guide antibiotic treatment is close to that of broad-spectrum coverage group, up to 85%, while the effective rate of empirical treatment group is only 60%.

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3. Early warning of cytokine storm

During the period of COVID-19, many critically ill patients suffered from uncontrolled release of cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, which led to coagulation storm, thrombosis, myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism, leading to respiratory failure, organ failure and even death.

Although IL-6 is the key cytokine for everyone at present, it should not be the only one. Cytokines is a huge regulatory network, which is coordinated with each other, constantly changing dynamically and changing with the course of disease.

Therefore, it is suggested that patients at risk of cytokine storm should be jointly tested for cytokines during admission and hospitalization.

4. Assess the inflammation and immune status of the body.

Severe patients may have three inflammatory/immune states: SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome), CARS (Antagonistic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) and MARS (Mixed Antagonistic Response Syndrome).

When infection or other reasons lead to the imbalance of inflammatory response, if the levels of a large number of proinflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IFN-γ, IFN-α and TNF-α are greatly increased, there is a risk of systemic inflammatory response syndrome -SIRS, and the inflammatory response of the body is strong at this time, so it is recommended to give priority to anti-inflammatory treatment; If the endogenous anti-inflammatory reaction is too strong, the anti-inflammatory factors such as IL-4 and IL-10 will be greatly increased, which indicates the risk of CARS. At this time, the immune function of the body is weak, and it is suggested to strengthen the immune treatment. If both pro-inflammatory factors and anti-inflammatory factors increase significantly, it suggests that the body is a mixed antagonistic response syndrome, suggesting that the body has a strong inflammatory response and low immune function, and it is suggested to carry out anti-inflammatory combined with immune enhancement therapy.

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5. Cytokines and Tumor

Cytokines are the key proteins of signal transmission in tumor microenvironment (TME), which have pleiotropic effects. In terms of anti-tumor, interferon and TGF-β can directly inhibit the growth of tumor cells, while IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12 and IL-15 can enhance the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes or bone marrow cells, thus inhibiting cell growth; In promoting tumor, TGF-β, TNF, IL-1β, CXCL12, etc. can promote the survival and proliferation of tumor cells; TNF, IL-6, etc. can cause the disorder of cytokine regulation and promote the occurrence of tumor inflammation; IL-10, IL-4, TGF-β, etc. are immunosuppressed; TNF, IL-6 and various chemokines can also promote angiogenesis.

Studies have confirmed that IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 are slightly increased, while IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ are significantly decreased, suggesting that there may be early tumor microenvironment progress. Early warning of the occurrence of adverse reaction cytokine release syndrome (CRS) caused by PD-1 therapy /CAR-T therapy.

6. Cytokines and Autoimmunity

Hemophagocytic syndrome (HLH):HLH may be caused by persistent antigen stimulation caused by autoimmune diseases or malignant tumors, with high mortality. IL-2R is one of the diagnostic criteria (from China Expert Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Hemophagocytic Syndrome). In addition, the slight increase of IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-6 can also distinguish HLH from infection, which is helpful for the treatment of HLH patients.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): As a chronic autoimmune disease, SLE will affect many organ systems, including but not limited to skin, joints and kidneys. Cytokines in active SLE patients, including IL-8, IL-18, IL-6 and IFN-α, were significantly higher than those in inactive SLE patients. Especially, IL-6 and IL-8 showed better sensitivity and specificity than traditional C3, C4 and Anti-dsDNA.

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP): A large number of studies show that inflammatory cytokines in HSP patients are out of balance, mainly IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. When the cutoff value of IL-6 is set to 7 pg/mL, the sensitivity and specificity can reach 78.0% and 80.5%. The change of IL-8 will be greater, which is 2-10 times of the baseline level of healthy people.

7, cytokines and asthma, allergic diseases and lung diseases.

Generally speaking, children’s allergic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis are mainly mediated by humoral immunity (IgE-mediated type I allergy). IL-4 and IL-5 can promote the secretion of IgE antibodies, aggravate allergic diseases, monitor the levels of IL-4 and other proinflammatory factors, and evaluate the condition and efficacy.

In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α can promote the progress of airway inflammation such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pneumonia, and evaluate the changes of cytokine levels, so as to evaluate the disease progress and drug efficacy monitoring of the above diseases.

8. Cytokines and Reproductive Medicine

Studies have proved that Th1 cytokines are significantly increased and Th2 cytokines are decreased in patients with unexplained recurrent abortion. It has also been reported in the literature that the significant increase of IL-22 concentration may be related to unexplained recurrent abortion.

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Advantages and disadvantages of mainstream detection methods for cytokine reagents

1, chemiluminescence method

Advantages: The method is mature and stable in technology, high in sensitivity and wide in linear range, and can efficiently complete single detection in a short time.

Disadvantages: it is impossible to carry out multi-project joint inspection and the sample demand is large, which makes it unable to cope with the large sample size test.

2. Flow fluorescence method

Advantages: As a relatively new detection method, flow fluorescence method stands out for its advantages of realizing multi-item joint inspection with small sample size, especially in large sample size testing, which saves time and cost.

Disadvantages: It may not be as sensitive as the light-emitting platform, and it is difficult to solve the interference problem that may be introduced in the process of multi-joint inspection, which affects the accuracy of its detection to some extent.

3. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Advantages: The method is mature and stable, with high sensitivity and good stability.

Disadvantages: the reaction time is relatively long, the linear range is narrow, and the detection efficiency is low, so it is more used in scientific research.

Market situation and current situation sharing of cytokine reagents

1. The domestic heat is higher than that of foreign countries.

Through investigation, we found that, for cytokine projects, except IL-6, foreign manufacturers are more respected, and almost no other manufacturers have obtained certificates in China or even CE. At present, only Siemens has obtained the registration certificates for six projects, namely IL-1β, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α, in China, which is regarded as an early cytokine project company that entered the China market.

The joint inspection of cytokine combination project seems to be a unique project in China, and it is difficult for us to find similar packaged tests in other countries.

From the actual clinical point of view, COVID-19 and sepsis have confirmed the significance of IL-6 detection, and hemophagocytic syndrome has clarified the value of IL-2R detection. However, for other cytokine detection, although everyone is advocating the clinical significance of each index, there is no more recognized expert consensus to explain it. It can only be said that the market prospect is there, but more clinical practice is needed to confirm it.

At present, there are mainly two factions in the detection of cytokines in China, such as the magnetic particle light-emitting platform of Hot Scene Bio, which has obtained the registration certificates of 13 indicators, namely TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-2R, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL. At present, the flow fluorescence platform made by Hu Manzhi is generally combined with 12 items, namely TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70 and IL-11.

2. Although there are international standards for each project, the testing situation of each manufacturer is not uniform.

Due to the lack of foreign reagents, it seems difficult to maintain the consistency of test results except IL-6. Although almost every project has international standards, from the data of clinical tests, the test results of various manufacturers deviate seriously, and it is difficult to judge which manufacturer’s test value is more accurate. It may be inferred that the traceability chain of each manufacturer is not particularly strict.

We know that most cytokines can’t be stored stably at room temperature, so the general calibrators are in the form of freeze-drying, which may be due to the loss during freeze-drying, or the interference of composite quality control such as flow platform, or the matrix effect introduced in the dilution process of international standards, which makes the test results of reagents difficult to be unified and leads to confusion in clinical judgment.

Market prospect of cytokine detection reagents

Although we have mentioned the problem that various cytokines form a complex network of communication and restriction between cells, there is no disease-specific guidance for many indicators at present, and it is difficult to unify the test results among manufacturers, but on the other hand, it is a huge opportunity for reagent manufacturers. Why do you say that?

First of all, the broad indications of detection indicators mean that cytokine items can be detected in various departments, with a large volume; Moreover, there are not many manufacturers in this testing field, and compared with conventional testing items, the homogenization is not serious and the market prospect is relatively broad; Moreover, the difference in the test results of manufacturers will inevitably lead to the emergence of benchmark enterprises in this field, so many enterprises can establish their own brand image through this product; It is believed that with the further implementation of the consensus of experts in various fields and the gradual maturity of emerging technologies such as flow fluorescence and single molecule detection, cytokine detection will surely be a red sea.

Today’s sharing is here, I hope it will inspire you. (For more information about cytokine detection reagents, please search the official website of HUMAN Zhizhi and click to inquire.)

About Hu manzhizao

Beijing Human Zhizao Technology Co., Ltd. is a medical technology innovation company integrating R&D, production and sales. With years of experience in materials science, in vitro diagnosis technology and marketing, based on the core of multi-flow fluorescence technology, the company is committed to providing fully automatic multi-flow fluorescence detection platform and supporting reagents with competitive advantages for clinical customers, and has built a "new ecology" for ultra-high-speed immunodiagnosis, focusing on major immune diseases, intractable diseases and rare diseases.

Five practical skills of Huawei Pura70 are shared, and new users should try it quickly.

Huawei Pura70 series has been released for many days, and I believe many small partners have already touched it.

I’ve seen a lot of introductions of new functions and new hardware these days. I wonder if you pay attention to the changes in experience. Huawei Pura70 series is equipped with the latest HarmonyOS 4.2, and there are still many changes in details. For many new users, if you don’t study it in depth, you may regret missing it. Then take stock of a few more interesting functions, take a new machine in hand, or plan to start a new machine, you can take a look.

1. "Shake" to intercept jump advertisements

I don’t know which product manager invented the "shake" jump advertisement, but I guess his performance must be very good.

In any case, it is necessary for the mobile phone to stop the "shake" advertisement. After all, it is really useful.

I am deeply touched by this point. During the Double Eleven last year, I still used it. It didn’t have the advertisement interception function. As a result, some apps were opened at one point, and the first thing I jumped to was the shopping platform, which was annoying. It was changed at the beginning of the year. Starting from the latest surge, this mobile phone supports "getting device movements and directions" on and off, and the experience has also been qualitatively improved.

With the release of Huawei Pura70 series, Huawei users can also set the "Application acquisition device direction" for the app in this mobile phone. Personally, this function is not bad, and new users can turn it on or off as needed. Of course, if it is set to prohibit, in addition to shaking the advertisement jump, the game control and automatic screen flipping may also be affected, which needs attention.

2, photo AI elimination

With the explosion of the concept of "AI big model", some useful AIGC functions have been widely used, such as image elimination.

At present, mainstream flagship mobile phones such as Huawei, Glory, OPPO, vivo and Xiaomi all support the AI ? ? picture elimination function, and their performance is naturally mixed.

The image elimination function of Huawei Pura70 series is good in some scenes, and the overall evaluation can be given to the upper-middle. I believe it will be better with the optimization of subsequent systems and the improvement of large model capabilities.

3. Smart screen recognition

Smart screen recognition is a super easy-to-use function, but 99% of consumers actually don’t care.

For example, if you want to recognize the words on the picture, cut out some words, logos or photos, or translate between Chinese and English, compare prices of goods, etc., in the past, you needed a three-party App, or manually search for some more complicated menu operations. If you use smart screen to operate, it will be very convenient and fast.

On Huawei Pura70 series, users only need to hold down the screen with two fingers at the same time, which can trigger the intelligent screen recognition function, which can be carried out in any interface, including the operation of coding chat records with one button.

4. Artistic protagonist

The artistic protagonist is a custom theme function, and users can set their own photos as themes. The difference is that this function supports powerful customization. When you set a photo, the system will automatically matting the portrait, and users can also adjust the image at will.

In addition, the artistic protagonist has a wealth of texture styles and colors to choose from to meet the personalized needs.

5. Interactive theme

It also belongs to the category of theme customization. Unlike traditional static themes or dynamic themes, Huawei Pura70 series provides several themes that can interact with users. In addition to supporting sticker customization, it can also interact with users. For example, when users light up the screen, the wallpaper will move, and when the screen is turned off, the wallpaper will also move; Every time you slide into the desktop, the sticker will show a different animation form. Even when you click on the sticker with your finger, it will respond accordingly, which not only fills up the visual effect, but also makes every operation more interesting.

That’s all about the sharing of new functions of Huawei Pura70 series. Don’t forget to give it a try for new users. They are all very interesting and practical functions, which I believe will bring you a different experience.

Be alert! These bacteria may cause diseases such as sepsis and meningitis.

　　In summer, the weather is hot, and the growth and reproduction of bacteria are increasingly active. The so-called "illness from the mouth", when cooking dishes, do you think that there may be "dangerous elements" hidden in the kitchen? What diseases will they cause?

　　What are the common pathogens in the kitchen?

　　1. Escherichia coli

　　● Can cause diseases: sepsis, infective endocarditis, liver abscess, peritonitis, pelvic inflammatory disease and urinary system infection.

　　● Symptoms after infection: abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, nausea, dizziness, vomiting and shock.

　　E. coli is harmless to human body under normal circumstances, but it is easy to cause disease once it is overdosed and human immunity is weak.

　　● E.coli has low requirements for living conditions, and it will grow in the kitchen where there is a little water or food residue, such as chopping boards, rags and sinks that have not been dried. It is warm and humid in summer, and the growth and reproduction of Escherichia coli is very fast.

　　● Escherichia coli is not resistant to high temperature. Generally, it can be killed in plain areas by boiling at 100℃ for about 15 minutes to 30 minutes. When the temperature is about 4℃, the growth rate of Escherichia coli slows down; When the temperature is below MINUS 20℃, it enters a dormant state and stops breeding.

　　2. Listeria

　　● Can cause diseases: fetal arrest, abortion, meningitis.

　　● Symptoms after infection: abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, nausea, dizziness, vomiting and shock.

　　Listeria is known as the "refrigerator killer" and can still grow at 4℃. Milk, yogurt, eggs, meat, cold drinks and vegetables in the refrigerator may be parasitic.

　　Low high temperature environment is easy to kill Listeria, and refrigerated food can be sterilized by boiling and heating. In addition, regular cleaning and disinfection of the refrigerator will help to eliminate Listeria.

　　3. Vibrio parahaemolyticus

　　● Can cause diseases: gastroenteritis, acute renal failure and wound infection.

　　● Post-infection symptoms: severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, nausea, dizziness, vomiting and shock may occur.

　　● Vibrio parahaemolyticus mainly lives in seafood such as fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish and seaweed. Eating food containing this bacterium or being scratched by food containing this bacterium can cause infection.

　　● Vibrio parahaemolyticus can be killed by heating at high temperature. If sterilized with boiling water, it is recommended to boil for more than 15 minutes.

　　4. Salmonella

　　● Can cause diseases: bacteremia, septicemia, gastroenteritis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, vascular implant infection and bone and joint infection.

　　● Post-infection symptoms: persistent high fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, dizziness, vomiting and shock may occur.

　　Salmonella is easy to appear in kitchen knives, chopping boards, vegetables, fruits, eggs, chicken legs and other foods.

　　Salmonella can be killed by heating at high temperature.

　　5. Staphylococcus aureus

　　● Can cause diseases: meningitis, otitis media, septicemia, pneumonia, folliculitis, wound infection and paronychia.

　　● Post-infection symptoms: skin pustules, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, vomiting, dizziness, etc.

　　● It is often parasitic on human and animal skin, nasal cavity, throat, stomach and other tissues, and is also found in air and sewage. When eating food contaminated by the bacteria, or when the body wound comes into contact with pollution sources, it can cause infection.

　　Staphylococcus aureus has a certain tolerance to high temperature, and it can be killed in a high temperature environment above 80℃ for 30 minutes. 70% ethanol can also be used for disinfection.

　　The doctor reminded that the symptoms caused by these pathogenic bacteria when invading the human body have many similarities, such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, etc. Therefore, once an infection occurs, it is necessary to go to the hospital for examination and test to accurately identify which kind of bacteria is caused, and then take medicine for the symptoms.

　　Transferred from CCTV Finance

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Science popularization： five kinds of particles that ＂don’t exist＂ but can change the world

　　Particles refer to the smallest component of matter that can exist in a free state, including electrons and neutrons. The cornerstone of modern physics — — The physical standard model is essentially a "family tree" of a particle family, and its members are familiar to everyone. The Higgs boson, which finally revealed its beauty, was sought after by scientists from all walks of life as soon as it came out.

　　But there is an equally important class of particles that nobody cares about Of course, this is understandable, because these "quasi-particles" do not really exist, but their unique physical properties are enough to change modern science and technology. In a recent report, the British magazine New Scientist listed five quasi-particles that "don’t exist" but can change the face of the world.

　　Phonon: electric cowboy

　　In 2012, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN discovered the Higgs boson, which is the mass source of other particles. So far, all 62 kinds of elementary particles have been discovered, and the standard model of particle physics has been perfected.

　　But without phonon, all this would not have happened.

　　The concept of phonon is developed in the process of studying lattice vibration. Li Baowen, director of the Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science of Tongji University, once explained that phonons are not real particles, but quasi-particles, which are quantized lattice vibrations. It is called a phonon because the essence of "sound" is the "vibration" of an object. In fact, the Greek word for phonon means sound.

　　The name phonon was first put forward by Igor Tamm, a physicist in the former Soviet Union, in 1932. He pointed out that just as light corresponds to electrons, sound waves can be associated with some particles we call "phonons". In solids, especially in semiconductors and insulators, "heat" is conducted through lattice vibration, that is, "phonons" are carriers of heat.

　　At room temperature, phonons are quasi-particles, and the heat conduction of solid materials is mainly realized by phonons. But at extremely low temperature, these quasi-particles "incarnate" into a group of "cowboys", driving away the "cattle" composed of electrons. These electrons act uniformly, and their resistance is almost zero, which is the principle of low temperature superconductivity.

　　It is the huge electromagnetic field created by superconducting magnets that makes protons bend in the large circular orbit of LHC. In the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner, these superconducting magnets "transform" as a command, guiding oxygen atoms in human tissues to "dance" and releasing traceable radio signals. In addition, phonons also play an important role in the field of thermoelectric materials. These thermoelectric materials can convert thermal energy into electrical energy, and it is also expected to realize scientists’ dream of reusing waste heat from automobile engines to supply power for electronic products.

　　Magneton: the king of spin

　　Since Tam put forward the concept of "phonon", scientists have gradually found many such quasi-particles in solids. Another such particle originates from spin, a quantum property that is the basis of magnetism. Spin is like an arrow on an atom, pointing south or north; When all spins in matter are aligned, a magnetic field appears. However, when this spin state is constantly reversed, a wave effect is created, which scientists call "magnon".

　　Ordinary computers and smart phones need electricity to store information, but the information of equipment power failure cannot be obtained. If a magnon is used, the information storage will depend entirely on the magnetic field without electricity, which is called Spintronics. The advantage of this method is that it consumes little power — — Excessive power consumption is one of the main problems encountered in miniaturization of transistor chips. If the magnetic oscillator is controlled by electromagnetic waves, the computer can completely get rid of the shackles of wires and electricity.

　　Exciton: the secret weapon of plants

　　The earth gets more energy from the sun in an hour than all mankind consumes in a year. Plants play the role of energy catchers, and excitons are the "secret weapons" for plants to perform this task.

　　In any substance, electrons exist in different energy levels. When a photon strikes the surface of an object, it will excite electrons to a higher energy level, leaving a hole. Electrons are negatively charged and holes are positively charged. Under certain conditions, the Coulomb attraction between them will bind them together in space, so the complex formed is called excitons.

　　The leaves of plants contain light-trapping proteins, and the electrons in the light-trapping proteins will be excited to absorb photons and leave their positions, leaving a hole, electrons — Excitons formed by hole pairs will float around the photosynthesis production line of plants.

　　When excitons arrive at specific positions where they are needed, electrons recombine with holes and release energy, which plants use to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen.

　　This photosynthesis is the root of life on earth, and human beings have been looking forward to simulating this reaction in solar cells. In 2013, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found a way to "photograph" excitons directly, which took a key step towards the ultimate goal.

　　According to the online edition of Science magazine in 2009, Leonid Butov, a physics professor at the University of California, San Diego, and his colleagues have made several transistors based on excitons. These transistors are expected to become the basic modules of new computers, and the circuits assembled by them will become the first computing device using excitons in the world.

　　Mayorana Fermion: Quantum Hero

　　If you want to have a real multi-process computer, you can turn to a quantum computer for help. The quantum computer, which is still in its infancy, makes use of subtle and uncertain quantum states and can give multiple solutions to the same problem at the same time. As long as the external environment does not disturb the "magic" of the quantum computer, it can run stably.

　　Majorana quasiparticles can provide "qubits" for quantum operations, which makes quantum computers more powerful.

　　The information in an ordinary computer is stored in "bits", and each bit is coded as 0 or 1; Information bits in a quantum computer can exist as 0 and 1 at the same time, but this superposition state is very fragile. For this reason, physicists have been looking for ways to make qubits more stable.

　　In 1930s, Italian theoretical physicist ettore majorana predicted that there must be a particle, which is the same as its antiparticle. The concept of "majorana particle" was born. It has no mass and no charge. It is its own antiparticle and always appears in pairs. Because of its special properties, majorana particles are electrically neutral and rarely interact with the environment, so it becomes an ideal carrier for quantum information coding.

　　Since majorana particles always appear in pairs, which means that there are two copies of the information they contain, theoretically speaking, majorana qubits are more tolerant to external noise. However, according to Attila Geresdi of QuTech Institute in the Netherlands, these qubits exist in the background of huge electronic effects, and it is very tricky to extract the information of majorana quasiparticles.

　　In June this year, the research team of Jia Jinfeng of Shanghai Jiaotong University wrote in the Physical Review Express that they had successfully captured the Mayorana fermion in the laboratory through a special artificial film composed of topological insulator materials and superconductor materials, which not only contributed to the development of quantum computers, but also helped to further uncover the mystery of dark matter.

　　Wilfermion: Double-faced Jiaowa

　　"Weyl fermions" are like shy "cousins" of electrons. In 1929, the German scientist H. Weyl proposed that there is a kind of electron with no "mass" and can be divided into two different "chirality" of left-handed and right-handed, and this electron is called "Wilfermion".

　　The fermion has two key characteristics: massless and chiral. The lack of mass means that it can move at high speed, and at the same time, it is extremely resistant to interference that is inconsistent with its chirality, which makes it difficult to scatter: two different types of fermion streams can be close together without interaction. It has been suggested that these properties can make it the basis of computers beyond spintronics computing power.

　　However, for more than 80 years, scientists have not observed the fermion in the experiment, and the semi-metallic materials with the characteristics of fermion have only recently appeared. On July 16, last year, Science magazine published the experimental results of the team of physicist Zaid Hassan of Princeton University. The team announced that they found "Waier Fermion" in "Waier Semimetal"; On July 20th, official website, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, announced that the research team led by Fang Zhong, a researcher from the Institute, had successfully discovered the Verfermion in TaAs crystal for the first time. Therefore, the era of "Weyl Weyltronics" has appeared on the horizon, but there is still a long way to go.

Re-opening of Spring Festival in 2023： The high-quality market of scheduled films shows a recovery trend.


Special feature of 1905 film network According to the preliminary statistics of the National Film Bureau, the total box office of the Spring Festival in 2023 was 6.758 billion yuan, setting a new record for the second box office of the Spring Festival in film history. Six films covered suspense, science fiction, comedy, animation and other topics, and presented audiences with one Spring Festival feast after another. With a box office score of 2.606 billion yuan, it led the Spring Festival with a harvest of 2.164 billion yuan, followed closely. What are the different features of this year’s Spring Festival? What about other films in the same period?


The Spring Festival in 2023 ended perfectly, and several films can be said to have their own points of view, with a total box office of 6.758 billion yuan. Liu Zhenfei, a data analyst of Cat’s Eye Research Institute, started from the market data and analyzed which data are worthy of attention and resumption: "The announcement period and pre-sale period of the Spring Festival this year are relatively tight, showing a trend of backward alignment or long-term announcement. The box office of 1.35 billion yuan on the first day of this year reached the level of previous years, but it can only rank fourth in the Spring Festival file in history. By the end of the schedule, it has ranked second in the history of the schedule, indicating that from the first day to the sixth day, the box office trend is more stable. This year’s Spring Festival file can achieve this more stable trend. On the one hand, the audience is constantly returning to the cinema, on the other hand, the overall film is better. "



This year’s Spring Festival movies are not only diversified in types, but also different in the duration of a single film. Among them, the head film Wandering Earth 2 lasted for three hours, and Manjianghong also lasted for two and a half hours. According to the box office weight, the average duration of this year’s Spring Festival movies is as long as 150 minutes. Compared with previous years, the longest duration of movies is about 130 minutes. As a direct result, the number of national screenings will definitely drop. From the data point of view, the number of movies this year is less than that in previous years, but the total number of people watching movies this year continues to increase, whether the length of time is increased or the number of movies is decreased.



The audience will not only pay attention to the type and duration of the film, but also pay attention to the ticket price. The average ticket price this year is 52.3 yuan, which is the first time that the ticket price has been lowered for seven consecutive years. Spring Festival is a popular consumption schedule that is in short supply, especially under the premise that the operation of cinemas in the past three years is not ideal, the price increase of the schedule is also within the audience’s understanding. However, this year’s Spring Festival stalls may be influenced by the negative comments on the price increase of last year’s Spring Festival stalls, or because of the pursuit of allowing profits to welcome guests, but the fare has been lowered, and this move is also conducive to the audience to enter the theater for consumption. According to the data, this year’s low-frequency movie users have improved significantly compared with last year; For high-frequency movie users, the proportion of ticket purchases has also increased slightly compared with the past. It can be said that this year’s Spring Festival file has made the film market show a thriving recovery trend because of the benefits of welcoming guests and the richer types of film supply.


Before the Spring Festival, many people would predict the situation of each film. In previous years, there was often a situation of one super and many strong, but this year was very special. Wandering Earth 2 and Manjianghong went hand in hand in the past few days, and you chased me and there was a situation of "two heroes standing side by side". Liu Zhenfei mentioned: "This situation is really rare. In the past, it was said that the counter-attack of the schedule or the birth of the dark horse all started from the low position and rushed to the high position, or fell down because of word of mouth, forming a big deficit. This year is different, "Man Jiang Hong" is gradually improving, and "Wandering Earth 2" has basically not dropped much, and there is such a so-called "dual-core drive" that goes hand in hand. "



In this situation, users of high-frequency movies will choose to have them all, while users of low-frequency movies will choose to watch either the hottest movie or the best one, which is reflected in the previous slots. No matter how much the total box office is, the audience’s flow or the bonus of the slots must be concentrated on the individual movies in the head, and the slots have been improved as a whole, but the capacity has not been improved.



This year’s "Wandering Earth 2" and "Man Jiang Hong", first, the audience is very different. The audience of "Wandering Earth 2" is mostly elderly or male, including those in first-and second-tier cities; The opening of "Man Jiang Hong" will be biased towards women or sink into the market, and then it will flow to large-scale users. From the genre point of view, one of the two films is more large-scale production and big scenes, and the other one has achieved layer-by-layer inversion and endless jokes in the plot, which has produced a good form of distinguishing the audience from the temperament. It can be said that one is literary and one is martial, which absorbs different audiences and finally forms a win-win situation that keeps pace with each other.


Under the premise of quantity, the types of this year’s Spring Festival stalls are very diverse, with as many as 11 types. Liu Zhenfei said: "Judging from the different types of films in this year’s Spring Festival, there are also some differences in urban areas across the country. For example, first-and second-tier cities will be more concentrated, such as Northeast China and North China, and the most prominent is "Man Jiang Hong"; In the southern region, it may be biased towards such fantasy animation, such as Wandering Earth 2, which will be biased towards some areas in East China and South China. Therefore, the richness of the types of Spring Festival files is also a different movie-watching map formed throughout the country, and audiences all over the country will choose a movie they really like. "


Therefore, the box office performance of this year’s Spring Festival file really gave all film practitioners a shot in the arm. Next, there will be a relay release of films. Behind the brilliant achievements of this year’s Spring Festival, we can find that the third and fourth lines have sunk into the market and returned to the market very quickly. Compared with the past few years, the whole trend of returning home has taken shape again.

In 2018 and 2019, the box office peak of audience in third-and fourth-tier cities reached around the third grade, and then slowly fell back; This year, it was not only on the first day of New Year’s Day, but also on the third day of the following year, the third-and fourth-tier cities reached the high point again, which played a timely supplementary role in the Spring Festival stalls. From the market point of view, it was the tide of returning home that brought the biggest benefits to the Spring Festival stalls.



With the popularity of movies, whether it’s "When the Wind Comes Again" or "China Ping-Pong’s Jedi Fight Back", there are still many popularity movies to be released in the future movie market. What can attract the audience to the cinema continuously is that these popularity movies are released every week, so as to train moderate and heavy fans to enter the cinema frequently, which has a regulating effect on the whole market and is a benign development for the cultivation of the schedule.


New variant of influenza virus found？ It is expected that the intensity of influenza activity will slow down in the next two weeks.

　　　　　　 CCTV News:At present, it is winter, and the air is dry, which is the season of high incidence of influenza, and the flu this winter makes people feel that it seems to be "aggressive" compared with previous years. Just this afternoon, the Beijing Municipal Health Planning Commission held a press conference to introduce the influenza epidemic situation in Beijing. The good news is that the number of influenza-like cases reported every week has decreased from the previous month. However, among all age groups of influenza-like cases, the population aged 0-4 years old accounts for the highest proportion.

　　　　　　 According to the results of influenza surveillance in Beijing CDC, since November 2017, the influenza activity in Beijing has shown an upward trend, especially since December. At present, the influenza virus activity is still at a high level, but the upward trend has obviously slowed down. The first week of 2018 decreased by 74% compared with the last week of 2017. It is expected that the intensity of influenza activity will slow down in the next two weeks.

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　　　　　　 In addition, at today’s press conference, the Beijing Municipal Health Planning Commission also responded to the question that some citizens are worried about whether influenza drugs can guarantee the supply.

　　　　　　 Due to the arrival of the flu peak, there was a shortage of antiviral drug oseltamivir in some medical institutions in Beijing last week. Beijing issued an urgent notice to the five major drug suppliers in Beijing, asking all enterprises to start an emergency pre-investigation case to ensure the supply of oseltamivir for influenza. This week, 40,000 boxes of oseltamivir were distributed to various medical institutions in Beijing, and the drugs are still being distributed continuously, which can meet the drug demand. In addition, experts remind that once the elderly, children, pregnant women and key people with basic diseases have cold symptoms, they should choose to go to secondary and above hospitals for treatment instead of community hospitals.

　　　　　　 Liu Ying, deputy director of the Medical Administration Department of the Beijing Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission, said: "It will be safer for people over 65 and some key people to go to big hospitals."

　　　　　　 Some patients report that the course of the flu is long, and it has not improved for a long time. Is there a variant of the flu virus? Experts said that although the flu was the worst in recent years, there was no variation that affected the spread of influenza virus, the severity of the disease and drug resistance.

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　　　　　　 How to prevent this wave of flu? Vaccination against influenza is the most effective measure to prevent influenza, and it is also necessary to reduce activities in public places and pay attention to personal hygiene. In addition, the elderly, children, pregnant women and other high-risk groups are specially reminded that masks and antiviral drugs are indispensable.

　　　　　　 So when will the "flu season" end? Experts from China CDC said that the peak of influenza activity is expected to continue for some time, and the level of influenza activity is expected to reach its peak in the middle and late January. With the coming of winter vacation in schools and kindergartens, the level of influenza activity will gradually decline.
　

In October, the price of ＂vegetable basket＂ declined seasonally, and the supply situation of vegetables in various places was stable and improving.

CCTV News:According to the latest data from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the national "vegetable basket" index was 118.56 in October, down 2.64 points from the previous month and 11.96 points from the same period last year. Vegetable prices showed a seasonal decline.

In October, the national average wholesale price of 28 kinds of vegetables monitored by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs was 4.86 yuan per kilogram, down 4.7% from the previous month and basically the same as the same period last year. In terms of varieties, the chain price dropped by 19 kinds and rose by 9 kinds. Among them, spinach, Chinese cabbage and lettuce have a large decline.

Zhang Jing, chief vegetable analyst of the agricultural products market analysis and early warning team of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs:Vegetable prices have entered the seasonal downward channel. The main reasons are that since October, the main producing areas of vegetables have gradually moved southward, the scale of trans-regional transportation of northern vegetables to the south has been reduced, the storage loss in transit has decreased, and the transportation cost has been reduced; Second, the stock of durable goods is sufficient, and the supply mode conversion in summer and autumn is relatively smooth. In October, the national temperature was significantly higher than the same period of last year, which was conducive to the growth of autumn vegetables.

According to the data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the current vegetable field area in China is more than 100 million mu, an increase of more than 1% year-on-year. The output of vegetables in various places is relatively high, and the supply situation is stable and improving. Experts predict that vegetable prices will keep seasonal downward for some time in the later period, but starting from November, with the fluctuation of temperature, the growth rate of open-field vegetables will slow down, and there is limited room for vegetable prices to fall.

Zhang Jing, chief vegetable analyst of the agricultural products market analysis and early warning team of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs:The market supply has gradually changed to autumn and winter mode, and the listing volume of protected vegetable production areas in the north has increased. As the production cost of protected vegetables is higher than that of open-field vegetables, it is expected that the downward space of vegetable prices will be limited in the later period.

The overall price of vegetables in Beijing has declined significantly in winter storage vegetables and leafy vegetables.

What is the price of vegetables in the latest market, and which varieties have changed obviously? Let’s go to the wholesale market in Beijing to have a look.

The reporter learned in Beijing Xinfadi Agricultural Products Market that recently, vegetables, potatoes and Chinese cabbage stored in winter have gradually come on the market, with a large sales volume. The market sells 1,500 tons of potatoes, 1,000 tons of Chinese cabbage, and hundreds of tons of carrots, cabbages and white radishes every day.

According to reports, due to the high price of Chinese cabbage last year, the enthusiasm of vegetable farmers was stimulated, and the temperature in the main producing areas was suitable, and the Chinese cabbage was generally harvested, which led to the continuous decline of Chinese cabbage prices in the market. In addition, the prices of fresh and tender leafy vegetables, such as rape, oil wheat and Chinese cabbage, have dropped significantly in recent years, and the prices of celery and cabbage have also dropped to the low point in the same period in recent years.

The data shows that on October 30, the weighted average price of vegetables in Beijing Xinfadi market was 2.46 yuan per kilogram, down 2% compared with last week.

Tong Wei, head of Beijing Xinfadi Market:The origin of vegetables in the later period is mainly in Hebei and Shandong, and the supply is relatively sufficient. In the future, prices will continue to run at a level lower than that of the same period last year.

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