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　　At 10:00 on October 14, takeaway riders near the Beijing World Trade Center were having breakfast. Photo by our reporter Wang Yu

　　In recent years, with the booming development of the platform economy, more and more workers have tried to make a living on the platform. The number of new employment forms such as delivery riders, couriers, and online ride-hailing drivers has increased significantly. They provide great convenience for people’s lives and work, allowing you and I to enjoy many services at your fingertips and without leaving home.

　　While these new job forms of workers are busy running around in big cities, we can’t help but wonder, how are they doing when they have left their hometowns? Deliver food for us, where do they eat? Help us deliver things to our homes, where is their home? What if the new job form workers work hard in the city, get sick and injured?

　　Recently, reporters from the "Workers’ Daily" visited several new employment workers in Beijing, Shenzhen, Chengdu, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Wuhan, Changsha, Zhengzhou and other places to explore how they eat, live and seek medical treatment. From today onwards, this edition will launch a series of reports on the "Survival Records of New Employment Workers", so stay tuned. Looking forward to their hard work in the city, they can be treated gently.

　　Editor

　　Receiving orders, picking up meals, and delivering meals, takeaway riders are a profession that deals with "meals". Every time a meal is served, they shuttle through the streets and alleys, rush between buildings, and race against time to deliver steaming meals to people.

　　However, where do they eat? Workers’ Daily reporters visited the lives of takeaway riders in Beijing, Shenzhen, Chengdu and other places, and experienced the ups and downs of the delivery road…

　　Beijing Rider:

　　Cheap restaurants are hard to find, so you can eat on the side of the road when you wait for an order.

　　At 10 o’clock on September 24, it was rainy and rainy in Beijing. On the street next to the North Third Ring Road Global Trade Center, Han Leqiang finished his breakfast delivery. He parked his electric car on the side of the road and prepared to eat breakfast. While the rain was getting smaller, he quickly took out a cup of soy milk and drank it with his head up. The hot steam made his glasses fog up. Because he was in a hurry, his raincoat was also splashed with soy milk. He didn’t care too much, and took out two biscuits to satisfy his hunger while drinking.

　　This breakfast cost 9.5 yuan.

　　"Beijing is too big, cheap restaurants are hard to find, and it’s far from places to take orders and deliver food. I often pass by and buy some random packaging and wait for one-sided food on the side of the road." Han Leqiang has been a rider for six years. Recently, due to the drop in unit prices, he started taking orders for breakfast. While talking to reporters, new orders arrived, and he stuffed most of the biscuits into his mouth and sped away.

　　At 13:30, Meng Jun, who was running with Han Leqiang in the Hepingli area, was about to finish work and eat when he suddenly received a call from a customer: The noodles delivered were only soup, not noodles. He immediately contacted the merchant and sent another one. At 14:30, the delivery order was short, and he had time to think about his lunch. At a chain fast food restaurant, he ordered a sauerkraut fish. The rider’s discount price was 11.5 yuan, and the rice could be renewed.

　　The reporter visited Beijing and found that because of "no time, I am afraid of delaying orders", many takeaway riders do not have time to eat breakfast. As for lunch and dinner, even if they eat, they can only eat at different peaks. At the dining location, riders have no fixed place to eat, except for merchants with discounted packages and low-priced small shops, many of them eat takeaway on the roadside.

　　Takeaway riders in charge of popular business districts feel this deeply. In order to take more orders, some riders are even staring at their mobile phones while eating. "Sometimes I just buy something and eat it directly on the lunch box." Pang Qinglong, the rider in charge of the Financial Street area, although he has been a rider for less than a year, has entered the top of the list of riders’ running orders several times. In August, he delivered a total of 2,585 orders, ranking third in his area.

　　At 20:45, after the evening rush, Pang Qinglong came downstairs to a shopping mall in Xidan. "It’s expensive around here, and this mall is relatively affordable." He took off his helmet and ordered a beef noodle, a rare moment of relaxation in the day. It had been nearly 12 hours since his last meal, which was breakfast. The reporter saw that it was past the peak ordering period, and many riders came and went here.

　　Shenzhen Rider:

　　Wait for orders at any time, eat, and dare not run far

　　At 13:30 on September 24, next to an office building in Longgang District, Shenzhen, white-collar workers rushed back to the office after lunch. Delivery rider Chen Zuo received an order and sent it from Minzhi Street, Longhua District to Bantian Street, Longgang District, 4 kilometers, the whole journey took half an hour. In a hurry, after finally delivering the order within the specified time, Chen Zuo was already hungry and settled for lunch at a roadside fast food restaurant.

　　"I start delivering food at 7 every day and carry it until 13:30 for lunch." That day, Chen Zuo ordered two meat and two vegetables, 13 yuan, and rice at will. He sat down with a plate, and before he could take off his helmet, he took a sip of soup and devoured it. The reason for choosing fast food, Chen Zuo said, is that it is affordable on the one hand, and fast food on the other.

　　Chen Zuo has been delivering food in Longhua District for three years, delivering nearly 40 orders a day. "Sometimes before 12 o’clock, I’m so hungry that I say hello to the stationmaster and quickly find a fast food restaurant to eat." Chen Zuo said that in this case, you need to eat quickly, and you don’t dare to delay for too long. As soon as you have an order, you have to leave quickly.

　　Yifang Tiandi, a large supermarket in Longhua District, is a place where takeaway riders gather and wait for orders. Usually, most of them hold their mobile phones and sit on the electric car, chatting from time to time, and more time is to pay attention to whether there is an order reminder on the mobile phone.

　　Fang Liwen, the rider, picks up food here for half of his daily orders. Usually, he doesn’t dare to travel far for meals, so he usually chooses cheap places nearby. Because he likes to eat pasta, Fang Liwen often goes to a beef noodle restaurant, which costs about 10 yuan for a bowl of noodles. Sometimes, he orders pasta from the supermarket to improve his meal, but the price has doubled.

　　Compared to Longhua District, there are many high-rise buildings in Nanshan District and Futian District, which makes it more expensive for riders to eat. On the afternoon of September 22, the reporter visited here and saw many takeaway riders who had just finished their meals eating in small restaurants. A takeaway rider told the reporter that there are several public welfare canteens nearby, and riders can enjoy preferential prices for their meals, but the canteen operation hours are generally from 11:30 to 13:30. During this time, they are busy delivering meals and have no time to eat. He hopes that the canteen can extend the dining time.

　　Chengdu rider:

　　Lunch at 15:00

　　"I’ll go to Jingronghui for dinner at 15 o’clock, let’s meet there!" On the other end of the phone, Zhao Mingyang simply agreed with the reporter on the time and place of the interview, and then continued to devote himself to the tense meal delivery. For takeaway riders, time is money. Often after dinner, they have time to eat.

　　In Chengdu, the food capital, the food delivery industry is at an active level. Zhao Mingyang’s business area is within a 5km radius near Chunxi Road and centered on Taikoo Li. This is the most prosperous business district in Chengdu. In the two years he has been a food delivery rider, he has completed 19,480 orders around this "circle" and accumulated a total mileage of 29,839km.

　　The reporter followed Zhao Mingyang to the Jingronghui Shopping Center, and the automatic door slowly opened. The staff greeted him with familiarity. Zhao Mingyang nodded and said to the reporter with a smile, "We are all old friends.

　　"Delivering food and meals here, the business volume and income must be considerable, right?" the reporter asked.

　　"On my best day, I ran more than 80 orders, worked for 12 hours, and earned about 400 yuan, but this situation is very rare." Zhao Mingyang introduced that there are many riders near Chunxi Road. Although the order volume is large, the advantage is not obvious. Everyone’s monthly income is around 6,000 yuan, and only a few riders earn more than 10,000 yuan a month.

　　While speaking, Zhao Mingyang brought the reporter to the dining point, which was a chain of fast-food restaurants, spacious and bright, with a clean environment and rich dishes.

　　Due to the fact that the meal time had long passed, there were few customers, which made the takeaway riders who gathered here to eat stand out. Zhao Mingyang chose three stir-fried dishes, and after weighing, he spent 10 yuan. There was no limit to rice, and drinks were free to drink.

　　It turned out that in order to ensure the delivery of food delivery in the OurHours section, the food delivery platform implemented a rotating duty system for riders, which meant that many people could not eat on time. Some platform partners have taken the initiative to provide riders with dining discounts and rest places. Zhao Mingyang said that there are still many restaurants that offer similar discounts.

　　"Delivering food is hard work, but we also often get warmth." Zhao Mingyang said that now platform companies are paying more and more attention to the occupational health of riders, and the union department has also built outdoor rest stations for them. He and his colleagues increasingly find the professional appearance of riders dazzling. To impress when delivering food, some delivery staff also glue ponytails and cute tentacles on hard hats.

　　"I like this job very much, running around the streets of the city, watching the crowds bustling and the cars coming and going, every day is full of vitality!" To facilitate work, Zhao Mingyang and two colleagues shared an old house near Chunxi Road. They don’t have the luxury of buying a house in a prosperous city, but they are willing to work hard and strive for this goal.

　　(Some respondents use pseudonyms)

　　According to regulations, foreign vehicles entering Beijing need to apply for a Beijing entry permit at the Beijing entry permit office or through the Beijing traffic police mobile phone client side. However, some drivers are thinking of "taking advantage of loopholes" and not applying for a Beijing entry permit, and driving by avoiding the camera. Recently, Beijing Youth Daily found that several mobile phone software clearly marked with the restricted camera appeared in the online software store, and some software even provides detour route planning and navigation to avoid the restricted camera.

　　Navigation software can reduce the risk of being shot by 80%?

　　Recently, a reporter from Beiqing Daily found that some special navigation software appeared in the mobile phone software store. In the introduction of this kind of navigation software, the map in the software will mark the camera of the vehicle with the foreign number plate without the Beijing license. "As long as you avoid these cameras, you can drive in Beijing even without the Beijing license."

　　Developed by "out-of-town car owners who have trouble entering Beijing," the software reduces the likelihood of being detected by cameras by 80 percent, and the software’s map can also navigate a route to avoid entering Beijing, according to the introduction of an 18-yuan navigation software called "Duoduo Entering Beijing."

　　One owner of Duoduo’s foreign license plate number said that he first downloaded the software to drive without penalty when he forgot to renew his license. The owner said that after using the software several times, he found that his violations were not only caught by the camera, but also fined. "Many cameras are not marked, and some are marked incorrectly. The route planned by the software cannot bypass all the cameras."

　　The navigation route may still pass the camera

　　The Beiqing Daily reporter downloaded and installed the "Duoduo Entry to Beijing" software. The map of the software is the same as that of ordinary navigation, but the map of the software has hundreds of red "pushpins" on it, and each "pushpin" shows the location of a camera and the accuracy of the camera. The Beiqing Daily reporter found that some cameras have a reminder that "east-west two-way, you can take the inner lane". The software contains data on 177 morning and evening peak cameras and 192 cameras with entry permits, as well as the update dates and accuracy rates of these cameras, according to a list of cameras in the software.

　　The software also provides a driving navigation service that avoids the camera. A reporter from Beiqing Daily tried to let the software navigate the route from Tuanjiehu Park in Chaoyang District to the People’s Congress Affiliated Middle School in Haidian District. According to the navigation, when the owner travels from east to west to the Lenovo Bridge in the North Third Ring Road, he should turn north and right to enter Zhongguancun East Road. If he turns right to Zhongguancun Street as the usual navigation prompts, he may encounter a Beijing Entry Permit camera located west of Lenovo Bridge.

　　But the Beiqing Daily reporter noticed that the planned route still passed through a red "thumbtack". This camera located in the east of Ximen Bridge on the outer ring of the North Third Ring Road was marked as the camera for entering Beijing. In this regard, the software reminded that the navigation is real-time, and the planned route may still pass through the camera, so "you need to pay attention to avoid the camera".

　　Navigation may pose a threat to user safety

　　As for whether the camera position on the software is accurate, the software developer once said: "The morning and evening peak camera is 90% accurate." At the same time, some industry insiders say that some of the content of the camera data in this software is credible, but the current camera is much more than that.

　　Before 2013, the traffic control department announced that the content of electronic monitoring equipment included "the function of electronic eyes". Some drivers had the opportunity to "exploit loopholes" by inquiring about the monitoring types of these new electronic eyes and grasping the main violations of electronic eyes.

　　Since March 2013, the list of new electronic eyes published on the website of the traffic control bureau has no longer informed the purpose of the electronic eyes. The new cameras only disclose location and location information, not function information. This move is to prevent "knowledgeable" drivers from evading punishment. The developer of this software has also expressed "fear of being investigated".

　　On the afternoon of June 8, a reporter from Beiqing Daily learned from the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau Traffic Management Bureau that such software is made by individuals. "Using this software is’non-compliant ‘. Please don’t use this kind of software to take advantage of opportunities. If used improperly, it may threaten the user’s own safety and traffic safety." The traffic bureau said it would investigate and deal with the matter. Article/Reporter of this newspaper, Wang Tianqi

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The project team successfully upgraded the public from traffic information users to traffic information collectors

On October 9th, at 18:00, due to the unlimited number, the evening rush hour in Beijing was particularly congested that day.

But for Qi Peng, who commutes between Tongzhou and Zhongguancun every day, dealing with such congestion is "very good". Before setting out, he always uses the mapping software on his mobile phone to navigate, so that he can choose the best driving route.

"Mobile navigation is one of the most frequent apps I open every day. Whether I’m driving or taking public transportation, it allows me to reach my destination accurately and quickly," Qi Peng told reporters.

Nowadays, with the rapid development of cities in our country, the increase in car ownership, and the development of mobile Internet, there are more and more people like Qi Peng, and smart travel has become the "new normal" for many people.

So, how can these navigation software that acts as a "guide" provide accurate road conditions to avoid congested roads? How can navigation software provide reasonable travel plans to help us reach our destinations easily?

In this regard, the "Urban Traffic Guidance and Navigation Travel Key Technology and Application Service" project team composed of the Institute of Geographic Resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhangcheng Technology, Qianfang Group and other units has spent many years of research, using satellite positioning, mobile communication, high-performance computing, geographic information system and other technologies to implement the real-time perception of the status of urban and intercity road traffic systems, accurately and comprehensively providing traffic conditions to the people through mobile phone navigation, roadside electronic bulletin boards, traffic radio and other channels. On this basis, the integrated driving behavior real-time sensing and analysis technology to achieve multi-mode and multi-standard dynamic navigation for public travel, improve travel efficiency; and assist traffic management departments to formulate traffic management plans, promote urban energy conservation and emission reduction, and improve urban operation efficiency. In the 2015 Beijing Science and Technology Awards review, the project won the first prize.

Create a national traffic information map

During the driving process, the navigation software would issue instructions and prompts in real time: "Turn left 100 meters ahead" "Congestion ahead is one kilometer, it is expected to take 5 minutes to pass"… Many people would be surprised, why is the navigation software so "smart"? Is it relying on the cameras on both sides of the road or the induction coil buried in the ground?

Lu Feng, the project owner and a researcher at the Institute of Geographic Resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told reporters that traditional traffic information acquisition relies on devices such as induction coils deployed under road sections or video probes above roads. "These devices are fixed in location and have high costs, so they cannot fully reflect the real-time status of urban traffic."

Therefore, the project team must "find another way".

The project team "targeted" the taxis. Since the taxis were equipped with satellite navigation and positioning, they could periodically send back location and status information to the monitoring and dispatching center. These taxis that cruised the streets every day became an important source of urban traffic information collection.

However, taxis are not a "one-and-done" solution. After all, the scale and range of taxis are limited. Especially with the increasing popularity of self-driving travel, timely access to inter-city and even national traffic information has become a "rigid demand" for people to travel.

The project team decided to build a new "traffic status induction coil," which covers a wide range of areas, including long-distance buses and trucks, monitoring tracks, mobile phone map client side tracks, Internet websites and social network text messages.

"According to the requirements of the state, all long-distance buses, tourist chartered buses, dangerous goods transporters and general cargo trucks across the country must be equipped with mandatory traffic monitoring equipment to monitor the whole process of driving, prevent drivers from driving fatigue and reduce traffic accidents. These instruments will upload the driving track of the car in real time, and the accuracy rate is extremely high, so that we have a mobile information source covering the whole country," Lu Feng said.

Not only that, the project team also keenly observed that in the Internet age, a large number of users use mobile map services online every day, and these high-frequency satellite positioning trajectories have undoubtedly greatly expanded the ranks of car-based mobile information sources. In addition, there is a huge amount of traffic information on the Internet, both official and netizens’ own road conditions, road books and other information posted on social networks. So, can we make full use of these high-frequency trajectories of Internet maps and massive text on social networks to give full play to the power of the masses and obtain real-time traffic information?

In response to these technical bottlenecks, the project team broke through technical bottlenecks such as large-scale high and low frequency moving target trajectory map matching and traffic state analysis, Internet and social media text contains traffic information extraction, and multi-source traffic information real-time fusion, and built a service delivery and user feedback traffic information ecosystem. A nationwide traffic information service system was established, and a national traffic information map was realized.

The project team successfully upgraded the public from traffic information users to traffic information collectors. This information provides people with the operation status of the urban road network, effectively guides people to travel and avoid congested road sections.

"When you open the navigation software, your current traffic information will be automatically uploaded, which means that everyone is both a beneficiary and a provider of traffic information, which is also a manifestation of the Internet sharing economy," Lu Feng said.

It is reported that today, the system processes more than 2 million taxis and vans, more than 8 million mobile phone map tracks, more than 10,000 fixed sensors, and more than 10,000 traffic event texts every day.

The efficiency of navigation map update is greatly improved

In navigation, we often worry that map updates cannot keep up with changes in roads or surrounding business districts. Due to the intensive construction of cities and frequent changes in commercial outlets, current applications such as mobile maps generally have insufficient timeliness.

In the past, navigation map updates had to be done by collecting vehicles and other means. Unlike ordinary vehicles, there was a half-meter-high white shelf on the roof of the collecting vehicle, and the camera on the shelf could take a full-angle shot of the surrounding scenery, and then transmit it to the computer. Then, the data operator would post-process the captured video, generate or update the navigation map, and store it in the system.

"This kind of update is very labor-intensive, and often a navigation map company has to maintain a data collection and update team of several hundred people, and the cost is huge," Lu Feng said.

The project team believes that the mobile Internet has provided a good information sharing environment for businesses and the general public, and various time-sensitive road network maps and business service information have emerged in an endless stream. If these non-professional maps originated from volunteers are integrated with professional navigation map data, they can provide services to the general public faster and better.

In response to this technical bottleneck, the project team conducted in-depth research, first proposed a geometric pattern-based interest point and road network integration model, established a mapping relationship between the two, and broke through the problem of semantic consistency detection. Then, a heuristic probabilistic relaxation matching model was proposed to achieve the perfect integration of volunteer sources and commercial navigation road networks, with matching accuracy better than 95%, effectively ensuring the richness of information in travel navigation and map applications.

Convenient and accurate multimodal path navigation

Nowadays, the use of mobile phone navigation is not only in driving, but also in the bus, subway, bicycle or walking.

When we go to unfamiliar places by public transportation, we usually need to consider a series of questions: which bus to take? How to get to the bus stop? Which subway to change? How to change to the subway? Which subway exit to enter and exit from? How to get to where we want to go after getting out?…

Due to the differences in the road network environment, these personalized multi-mode travel needs are becoming increasingly prominent. Coupled with the real-time changes in road condition information and the rapid changes in the road network environment, how to provide multi-mode, multi-standard and reliable travel route choices according to the needs of the people?

In response to this problem, the project team developed a travel path planning algorithm group that takes into account different travel standards (short time, low cost, low fuel consumption, less transfer, etc.) and involves different travel modes (self-driving, taxi, bus, subway, walking, etc.).

The algorithm breaks through the technical bottlenecks of multi-mode traffic network spatial data model, multi-mode connectivity automatic processing, reliable travel time prediction, multi-mode multi-standard reliable path planning, multi-user concurrent path query load balancing, etc., and realizes the upgrade of the navigation system.

"We can provide a reasonable travel plan based on the starting and ending points set by the people themselves, and help the people reach the destination conveniently," Lu Feng said.

Environmentally friendly driver assistance systems reduce energy waste

Advocating green travel and achieving energy conservation and emission reduction is the eternal pursuit of urban transportation. Drivers’ bad driving habits often increase the fuel consumption cost of cars, resulting in energy waste and environmental pollution.

In response to this problem, the project team developed an environmentally friendly driving assistance system to provide drivers with a driving strategy suggestion function. This function uses mathematical modeling to transform environmentally friendly driving problems into optimization problems, and calculates the speed range of the car through traffic flow modeling. Then, the optimal driving strategy (optimal gear, speed) of the car in each speed range is solved through the equation between fuel consumption and the driving speed, gear position, and engine load of the car.

The system also collects vehicle driving data such as engine speed and acceleration through a variety of sensors to judge the driver’s environmental protection driving level, establish an incentive mechanism for environmental scoring rankings, and promote a benign change in drivers’ driving habits. At the same time, combined with real-time traffic information, a dynamic path method for energy-saving and environmentally friendly driving has been developed, providing people with green travel planning for energy conservation and emission reduction.

It is understood that the real-time traffic information released by the project covers major highways, national highways and provincial highways across the country (with a mileage of more than 85,000 kilometers), as well as 47 large and medium-sized cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen, with an accuracy rate of more than 90%. The research results are directly transformed into three software products and a traffic information service website, and through traffic information services and traffic information technology services, it has successfully cooperated with Internet manufacturers, automobile manufacturers, navigation map manufacturers, and mobile communication operators. The users of traffic information products exceed 200 million, and the daily visits exceed 10 million, generating direct economic benefits 120 million yuan.

The research results of this project have greatly improved the technical level of our country’s traffic information service industry, promoted the formation and improvement of our country’s traffic information service technology system, provided mature traffic guidance information support for large and medium-sized urban traffic management departments across the country, and provided hundreds of millions of users across the country with all-weather and large-scale smart travel information services. (reporter, statement)