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What does the syllabus for the self-study exam include？

As a popular form of continuing education, more and more people choose to take the self-taught examination to improve their academic qualifications. Many people who want to improve their academic qualifications are puzzled and want to take the self-taught undergraduate course, but they don’t know the specific policies of the self-taught examination. What does the self-taught examination outline include?

Click to enter:If you have any questions about the self-study exam, don’t know how to choose the main examination institution and major, and don’t know the local policy of self-study exam, click to learn now > >

What does the syllabus for the self-study exam include?

The syllabus of the self-taught examination generally includes the nature and setting purpose of the self-taught examination course, the examination contents and objectives, relevant explanations and implementation requirements.

Among them, "assessment content and assessment objectives" is the main part of the syllabus, which stipulates the content range and assessment depth of each part of the self-taught course, and is the basic basis for determining the distribution of test questions in each part of the course and assessing the proportion of test questions at different levels of understanding, key points, sub-key points and general knowledge.

"Description and implementation requirements" may involve the types of test questions used in this course (sample questions may also be given), the difficulty ratio of self-taught test questions, the length of the test, etc., and the proposition should also be followed or referred to.

At present, the syllabus of the national unified proposition course for self-taught examination is attached to the designated teaching materials, and candidates should study according to the designated teaching materials and course examination syllabus. However, at present, there is no examination syllabus for some self-taught unified proposition courses in the province, so the candidates can learn from the designated teaching materials.

1. All legal citizens in China, regardless of gender, age, nationality and current academic qualifications, can take the self-study exam, and then they can register at the time and place specified by the local education examination institute.

2. Candidates who apply for the self-taught undergraduate course need to bring their college diploma and their ID cards to the registration point of the self-taught examination when registering for the self-taught examination. Because some undergraduate majors are different from their own specialties, at this time, you need to take courses in related professional examinations.

3. Another point that needs to be emphasized is that if you want to register for the self-taught undergraduate course, you must hold a college diploma recognized by the state.

4. There are some majors that have been suspended, and only candidates who are currently registered can apply for the exam. The specific matters of applying for the exam should be registered in accordance with the relevant documents.

5. Finally, when you receive the self-taught undergraduate diploma, you must hand in the original of your college diploma, otherwise, the school will not apply for your undergraduate diploma. Another point is that junior college students who are studying in the school can also apply for self-taught undergraduate courses. Similarly, they need to hold a junior college diploma when they receive an undergraduate diploma.

The above is related to the adult self-study exam, and candidates can use it as a reference, which is subject to the official announcement! Candidates who want to get more information about the self-taught examination, such as the registration time, examination time, application conditions, preparation knowledge and related news, please pay attention to the online self-taught examination channel of China Education.

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If you have any questions about the self-study exam, don’t know how to choose the main examination institution and major, and don’t know the local policy of self-study exam, click to learn now > >

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In April, 2024, all provinces registered for self-study exams in official website.

Summary of Registration Time and Entrance of Self-taught Exams in April 2024 by Provinces

The first place in Jiangsu liberal arts missed Qingbei. Do you understand the admission rules of the new college entrance examination？

　　[Editor’s note] The candidates with the highest score in Jiangsu liberal arts are not allowed to go to Qingbei Nanda because their history subject level is B+. Many people said that they could not understand the current college entrance examination. In fact, in Jiangsu’s current "3+2" recruitment model, Tsinghua of Peking University has been asking for double A or above for many years. But this will be the last year for Jiangsu to use the old model. Jiangsu will implement the new college entrance examination plan next year. 澎湃 Mathematics course took Zhejiang, the first batch of reforms, as an example last year, sorting out the long examination course and 35 subject choices of the new college entrance examination. In a blink of an eye, Zhejiang sent out four new college entrance examination students. With minor adjustments and small patches, local reforms were rolled out one after another, and the reform ideas disassembled in this paper were basically continued.

　　In our second and third year of high school, we may have experienced many exams and model exams, but the college entrance examination is only in June of the third year of high school, so it is also called "one exam will set you for life". However, in today’s high schools in Zhejiang, students of Grade Two begin to prepare for the academic proficiency test early, which may become the first record that affects college admission.

　　The second year of high school started the college entrance examination, and it took two years to pass the "test"

　　Du Yiming, 19, is a senior three student in a first-class key middle school in Zhejiang Province. In addition to the number of words, Du Yiming chose physics, chemistry and biology as college entrance examination subjects. His college entrance examination began in November of the last semester of Senior Two.There are more key exams, and "every time matters, you can’t relax every time".

　　Du Yiming took part in the "first college entrance examination" of four subjects: biochemistry and foreign languages in November last year. On the first weekend of April this year, he will take part in the "second college entrance examination" for selected subjects. The results of the materialized students in these two exams will be included in the total score of the college entrance examination according to the grade assignment. By the time of the national college entrance examination in June, Du Yiming will face an exam beyond the number of languages. There is only one chance to get Chinese and math scores, and the foreign language scores will be included in the total score according to the actual test scores, based on the foreign language test results in November last year.

　　When the national candidates finished the college entrance examination in early June, Du Yiming was greeted by the "Trinity" exam of Zhejiang University. For Zhejiang candidates, if they want to sprint to some top universities in China, such as Peking University and Tsinghua, it is best to take the "Trinity" exam which is put forward by these universities in mid-June. In the end, the results of this exam will be combined with the scores of six subjects in the college entrance examination and the scores of earlier academic level exams to form the admission transcripts in proportion. Such a "trinity" admission quota may account for more than 80% of the admission channels of these colleges and universities; If candidates intend to enter the above-mentioned colleges and universities solely by the results of the college entrance examination, it is not impossible, but it also means giving up many opportunities automatically.

　　Du Yiming’s tense preparation schedule is not an isolated case. Compared with the traditional college entrance examination mode of "one exam determines life", the new college entrance examination reform in Zhejiang has undergone tremendous changes.

　　To sum up, there are probably three new features:

　　1. Cancel the division of arts and sciences, and use the new rule of "three subjects must be tested except the number of languages, and the other subjects should be selected from 7";

　　2. Foreign languages and elective subjects are provided with 2 examination opportunities, and the highest score is included in the total score of the college entrance examination, and the elective subjects are graded according to the ranking;

　　3. Not limited to the unified entrance examination, the "Trinity" enrollment scale of universities directly under the Ministry of Education in and outside the province has expanded.

　　The road to the new college entrance examination is full of choices besides hard work.

　　Option 1: Customize your own exam schedule.

　　Every candidate has a dense examination schedule in his hand. Different from the traditional "one exam for life" model, each exam in the above table may affect the final admission.

　　Do you want to participate in the "Trinity" enrollment? How many times do you need to take the exam? How many courses do you take each time? For these questions, candidates need to customize their own examination schedule according to their own situations and goals.

　　If we take the recruitment path of the general college entrance examination, it will affect the admission of two rounds of elective examinations and the college entrance examination of three subjects other than languages. As for the academic examination, as long as we "pass the exam", it will do.

　　If you take the "trinity" recruitment path, all the above exams will affect the admission: you need to get as many As possible A’s (accounting into the "trinity" total score) in the academic exam, take two rounds of elective exams and the college entrance examination outside the language number, as well as the "trinity" in-school test of your favorite university.

　　At present, there are 57 colleges and universities participating in the "Trinity" enrollment in Zhejiang, including 49 colleges and universities in the province and 8 colleges and universities directly under the Ministry of Education. Tsinghua University, Peking University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Fudan University, Zhejiang University and China University of Science and Technology all participate in the "Trinity" enrollment.

　　According to the information released by Zhejiang Education Examinations Institute, there are 8,690 "Trinity" enrollment plans for colleges and universities in Zhejiang Province this year, and the "Trinity" enrollment brochures for colleges and universities outside the province and directly under the Ministry of Education have not yet been released, with 1,664 students last year. Since the enrollment plan for the general college entrance examination in 2019 has not been announced, if we refer to the 231,000 college entrance examination enrollment in 2018, the ratio of the two enrollment numbers is about 1:23, and the proportion of the "Trinity" in all enrollment can not be underestimated; It is even more important to occupy more than 80% of the enrollment in some colleges and universities.

　　Option 2: 35 combinations of courses, which three subjects to take?

　　After the reform of Zhejiang College Entrance Examination, seven subjects were arranged and combined, and 35 different ways of selecting subjects were derived.

　　The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) found a general administrative class of "Chemistry+Biology" graduated from a first-class key middle school in Zhejiang Province in June 2018, and recorded the decision of 57 students in this class to choose subjects.

　　By comparing the ranking of each student in six large-scale exams in high school for three years, we find that it is very reasonable.Students should first consider the dominant subjects when choosing subjects.. Hao Chenfei, a teacher of the school, said: "Even if there is more room for some subjects in the future, students still choose subjects with their own advantages."

　　In this class, we found that eight students chose three subjects with the best grades in Grade One.

　　Such new rules may help some candidates to "overtake in corners".

　　We find out two all-round academic tyrants and two partial scientific tyrants in our class for comparison. The results of all-round academic tyrants in every subject in Grade One of Senior High School are in the top 20% of the year, and the total scores of seven subjects rank the highest. The scores of the subjects selected by the partial science tyrants are all in the first 20% of the year, but the other subjects are relatively backward.

　　Let’s look back at the distribution of the scores of the all-round academic tyrants and the partial scientific tyrants in the first year of high school. The scores of these four students in the selected subjects are relatively close, but judging from the total scores of seven subjects, the all-round academic tyrants are completely ahead of the partial scientific tyrants:

　　By choosing subjects, the partial science master got rid of the inferior subjects, narrowed the distance with the all-round learning master, and even surpassed the all-round learning master in the final ranking. According to the grading method, we convert the ranking percentage of the above four students in the six large-scale exams from Grade One to Grade Three into grading, and illustrate the performance curves of these students. If you only look at the two exams in senior three, you can’t even judge who is the all-round academic tyrant and who is the partial scientific tyrant.

　　In this class, there are also students who do not choose the dominant subjects completely according to their personal rankings.

　　The reason for this phenomenon may be that candidates consider choosing a major in the future. Li Zirui, a senior three student in this school, became interested in computer programming in his freshman year. In order to further his studies in computer science in the future, he "chose physics almost without hesitation when choosing a subject".

　　Option 3: How to foster strengths and avoid weaknesses under the customized rules of colleges and universities?

　　The new college entrance examination rules also provide colleges and universities withMore recruitment autonomy.

　　On the one hand, unlike in the past when there were only two types of students in arts and sciences, there are more targeted requirements for students to choose examination subjects when enrolling students in various majors in colleges and universities. For example, Peking University’s astronomy and psychology majors require candidates to choose subjects that contain physics; The majors of finance and finance in Renmin University of China require candidates to choose subjects containing history or physics; Zhejiang University’s humanities experimental class is not limited to elective subjects.

　　According to Zhejiang Education Examinations Institute, in 2019, 6.8% of the subjects required for the examination were one, 8.8% were two, 23.3% were three and 61.1% were unlimited. Compared with 2017, in 2019, some colleges and universities put forward more explicit requirements for the selected subjects for majors with clear training requirements and high correlation with the subjects studied in middle schools, while those with broader basic literacy requirements appropriately relaxed the scope of the selected subjects.

　　On the other hand, the "Trinity" comprehensive evaluation enrollment channel has been widened. Colleges and universities can organize on-campus tests more independently, screen students and select the best candidates through written tests, interviews and physical tests.

　　Take eight universities outside Zhejiang Province and universities directly under the Ministry of Education in 2018 as an example. The total number of students enrolled by these top universities in Zhejiang through the college entrance examination is 1,696 (including 1,618 from Zhejiang University), while the number of students enrolled through the "Trinity" is 1,664, which is close to 1:1 in overall scale.

　　If Zhejiang University is stripped off, the number of people recruited by other top universities in China through the "trinity" comprehensive evaluation has far exceeded the enrollment of the college entrance examination. In other words, if you are a fresh graduate and want to be admitted to the above seven top universities, the safest plan is to participate in the "trinity" comprehensive evaluation enrollment of these schools; Otherwise, when the college entrance examination is filed, even if there is a very good college entrance examination result, the enrollment places of these top college entrance examinations are few and far between. Take last year’s enrollment plan as an example.Tsinghua University enrolled 8 students in Zhejiang through the college entrance examination and 105 students in Zhejiang through the Trinity. Peking University enrolled 23 students in Zhejiang through the college entrance examination and 85 students in Zhejiang through the Trinity.

　　In addition to broadening the enrollment channels, colleges and universities also have greater initiative in the on-campus testing stage, and can screen candidates in multiple dimensions such as written test, interview and physical fitness test.

　　Taking the written test as an example, in the "Trinity" comprehensive evaluation test of top universities in China, physics, as a "sharp weapon" for screening candidates, has become a compulsory subject for most candidates. Even if the candidate’s college entrance examination subject is not physics, he may be examined in the written test on campus. According to Tsinghua University’s "Trinity" Comprehensive Evaluation Admissions Guide for Zhejiang Province in 2018, in the on-campus test, 77.1% of the candidates were examined in physics during the written test.

　　Peking University’s "Trinity" comprehensive evaluation is similar. Regarding the written test content of college tests, Peking University’s 2018 Zhejiang "Trinity" comprehensive evaluation enrollment brochure stipulates that there are five written test subjects, of which three subjects are required to be tested, and two are selected from the four subjects of "physics, history, chemistry and politics", requiring "physics".

　　In 2014, Du Yubo, then Vice Minister of Education, used four "most" words to describe the reform of the new college entrance examination: "This examination enrollment system reform is the most comprehensive and systematic reform since the resumption of the college entrance examination, and it is the most important and complicated reform in the comprehensive education reform".

　　In a blink of an eye, Zhejiang New College Entrance Examination has sent out two students. In 2019, senior high school students are about to sprint the college entrance examination in June and become the third graduates of the new college entrance examination. In the process of implementation, minor adjustments are still taking place in Zhejiang.

　　No matter the front-line teachers and students or the education reform experts, there is no agreement on how to deal with this zero-sum game. In a broader sense, it remains to be seen where the college entrance examination reform in China will go.

　　At the request of the interviewee, the teachers and students in this article are all pseudonyms.

Kunming： Fireworks and firecrackers are on sale in the Spring Festival of 2024.


　　On January 30th, fireworks and firecrackers started to be sold in five main urban areas and three development (holiday) areas of Kunming in the Spring Festival of 2024, and the retail outlets of fireworks and firecrackers in various urban areas opened their doors one after another.

　　On January 31, the reporter went to the fireworks and firecrackers retail point at the intersection of Yuyang Road and Yupu Road in Dianchi Resort. The sales staff were wearing special protective clothing "pure cotton flame retardant clothing" and were busy placing and selling goods in the sales warehouse. Although it was morning, many citizens had come to inquire and buy. "Our retail store has an area of more than 20 square meters, and according to the relevant regulations, it can hold up to 140 fireworks and firecrackers," the salesperson said. "We have more than 200 kinds of fireworks and firecrackers, and only one third of them are placed today. Later, we will pick up the goods from the warehouse according to the sales situation."

　　According to the requirements of Kunming Emergency Bureau, all 304 retail outlets in five main urban areas and three development (holiday) areas in Kunming use explosion-proof warehouses for sales, and all of them have installed video surveillance systems to implement 24-hour monitoring. There are signs on the stalls in all retail outlets that "it is forbidden to set off fireworks and firecrackers within 80 meters around the point of sale". The fireworks and firecrackers safety commitment letter and business license and other related documents are posted on the walls of the store, and fire extinguishers, buckets and other fire-fighting facilities are placed outside the store. Through layer-by-layer protection, the awareness of fireworks and firecrackers’ business safety and law-abiding and emergency handling ability are effectively enhanced, and fireworks and firecrackers are strictly "safely closed".

　　According to the "Management Measures for Fireworks and Firecrackers in Kunming", the operation and discharge time of the Spring Festival in 2024 in five main urban areas and three development (holiday) areas in Kunming is from the twentieth day of the twelfth lunar month to the fifteenth day of the first month, that is, from January 30 to February 24, for a total of 26 days.

　　Yunnan net reporter Hu Yuya’s photo report

＂Stability＂ is still the key word of the real estate market (Rui Caijing)

　　On September 17th, the National Bureau of Statistics released the statistical data of the changes in the sales prices of commercial housing in 70 large and medium-sized cities in August this year. In August, the prices of new commercial housing in 55 cities rose month-on-month, 5 cities less than that in July. The picture shows a real estate for sale in Rugao, Nantong, Jiangsu. Photo by Wu Shujian (People’s Vision)

　　On September 17, the National Bureau of Statistics released statistics on the changes in the sales prices of commercial housing in 70 large and medium-sized cities in August 2019. Overall, in the month of August, whether it was new commercial housing or second-hand housing, the cities with rising prices were 55 cities and 43 cities respectively, and the number dropped significantly compared with last month. Analysts pointed out that although the traditional sales season of "Golden September and Silver 10" is approaching, the overall stable situation of the local property market has continued, which on the one hand reflects the effect of regulatory policies, and on the other hand reflects that the positioning of "houses are used for living, not for speculation" is profoundly changing the development pattern of the real estate market.

　　The overall situation continued to be stable.

　　According to Peng Kong, chief statistician of the Urban Department of the National Bureau of Statistics, according to preliminary calculations, the sales prices of new commercial housing in four first-tier cities increased by 0.3% month-on-month, which was the same as last month, with Beijing rising by 0.5%, Shanghai rising by 0.3% and Guangzhou and Shenzhen both rising by 0.2%; It rose by 4.2% year-on-year, and the growth rate dropped by 0.1 percentage point from last month. The sales price of second-hand houses was flat month-on-month, rising by 0.3% last month, of which Beijing fell by 0.4%, Shanghai and Guangzhou were flat, and Shenzhen rose by 0.2%; It fell by 0.2% year-on-year, which was the first decline since June last year. The sales prices of new commercial housing and second-hand housing in 31 second-tier cities increased by 0.5% and 0.2% respectively from the previous month, and the growth rate dropped by 0.2 percentage points from the previous month. It rose by 9.9% and 5.5% respectively year-on-year, and the growth rate dropped by 0.8 and 1.2 percentage points respectively from last month.

　　At the same time, in August, the sales price of new commercial housing in 35 third-tier cities rose by 0.7% month-on-month, the same as last month; It rose by 9.0% year-on-year, and the growth rate dropped by 1.2 percentage points from last month. The sales price of second-hand houses increased by 0.8% month-on-month, with an increase of 0.1 percentage point over the previous month; It rose by 5.8% year-on-year, and the growth rate dropped by 1.3 percentage points from last month.

　　According to Yan Yuejin, the research director of the think tank center of Yiju Research Institute, due to the recent cooling of the housing transaction market, the tightening of the real estate financing environment, and the tightening of the funds in place for housing enterprises, housing enterprises in various places have taken the initiative to reduce prices and promote sales, which has led to a narrowing of the growth rate of the housing price index in 70 cities across the country. At present, the property market is entering a cooling channel, especially in second-tier cities, which has a positive effect on stabilizing housing prices in second-tier cities and preventing real estate speculation by borrowing talents from all over the world.

　　The policy supports "housing and not speculation"

　　The real estate market continues to remain stable, which is inseparable from the strict control of policies. Zhang Dawei, chief analyst of Zhongyuan Real Estate, said that from the central bank to China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, the risk control of real estate finance has been intensively strengthened, and various financing channels from real estate mortgage to housing enterprises have been tightened to varying degrees.

　　The central bank recently reformed and improved the formation mechanism of the loan market quotation rate (LPR) to further reduce the financing cost of the real economy. In this process, in order to resolutely implement the positioning of "houses are used for living, not for speculation" and the long-term management mechanism of the real estate market, ensure the effective implementation of the regional differentiated housing credit policy, and keep the interest rate of individual housing loans basically stable, the central bank has simultaneously adopted "the shortest repricing period is one year", "the interest rate of commercial housing purchase loans shall not be lower than the quoted market interest rate of the corresponding term loans plus 60 basis points" and "the interest rate of two sets of commercial individual housing loans shall not be lower than the quoted market interest rate of the corresponding term loans plus 60 basis points".

　　The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development said that it will speed up the promotion of housing security legislation, clarify the top-level design and basic institutional framework of housing security at the national level, consolidate the responsibility of housing security at all levels of government, and provide a legal basis for regulating the access and use of affordable housing.

　　"In recent years, the whole society has become more and more deeply aware of the return of real estate to residential properties, and the intensity and resilience of real estate regulation and control policies have become greater and greater. Recently, while releasing funds to reduce the financing cost of the real economy, the financial authorities have also made structural arrangements specifically to avoid capital flowing into the real estate market. It can be said that the persistence of real estate control policies and the establishment of a long-term mechanism are playing an increasingly obvious role. " Yi Cong, a professor at the School of Economics of Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, said in an interview with this reporter.

　　Take the initiative to get rid of "real estate dependence"

　　At the recent press conference held by the State Council, Shen Xiaoming, Governor of Hainan Province, said that for a long time, Hainan’s real estate accounted for about 50% of investment and 50% of tax revenue, and its economy relied heavily on real estate. However, real estate needs land, which will increase the environmental load, while Hainan’s land resources are getting less and less, and the environmental load also has a "ceiling". Therefore, economic development cannot be sustained by real estate.

　　“1— In August, under the background that the real estate sales area decreased by 52%, the real estate sales decreased by 50%, and the national tax reduction and fee reduction, the regional GDP of the whole province increased by 5.4%, and there was no economic ups and downs caused by real estate regulation. It is expected that by the end of the first quarter of next year, the downward pressure on the economy caused by the downward adjustment of old kinetic energy will be basically released, and the dividends generated by new kinetic energy will gradually accumulate. Therefore, we expect Hainan’s economy to enter a benign and rapid development track at the end of the first quarter of next year. " Shen Xiaoming said.

　　Yi Cong said that adhering to the regulation policy of the real estate market and ensuring the healthy development of the real estate market is not to stop developing the real estate industry, but to make the real estate development and the development of the real economy complement each other and provide support for people to live and work in peace and contentment, entrepreneurship and innovation.

　　Deng Yusong, deputy director of the Institute of Market Economy of the State Council Development Research Center, said that the demand caused by the demolition of old houses, the influx of new population and the shrinking of families is normal, and the subsequent demand will be affected if more demand is released in the short term. Deng Yusong predicted that the situation of concentrated demand release and hot sales in small and medium-sized cities like in the past two years could not last for a long time.

In July, production and sales increased by over 30% year-on-year, and new energy vehicles continued to develop well.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, August 12th Title: Production and sales in July increased by over 30% year-on-year, and new energy vehicles continued to develop well.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Xinxin

　　According to the data released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology recently, in July, the production and sales of new energy vehicles in China reached 805,000 and 780,000 respectively, up by 30.6% and 31.6% respectively, and the market share reached 32.7%.

　　Industry experts said that with the support of a series of policies such as excellent supply and consumption promotion, new energy vehicles continued to develop well and supporting facilities were constantly improved. The market penetration rate of new energy vehicles has increased, the technology has been continuously improved, the innovation vitality of enterprises has been further stimulated, and the high-quality development of the industry has been continuously promoted.

　　Lantu Automobile recently released brand delivery data, and delivered a total of 3,412 new cars in July, up 90% year-on-year and 13% quarter-on-quarter. Stepping up to 3,000 steps for five consecutive months, "Lan Tu Speed" has the strength of brand’s continuous accumulation, as well as the expanding market scale and comprehensive industrial competitiveness of new energy vehicles. Lu Fang, CEO of Lantu, told reporters that Lantu Automobile has entered a stage of steady growth in sales, and the newly upgraded new Lantu FREE will be listed soon. While constantly exploring the domestic market, the brand is also actively deploying "going out". In the third quarter of this year, it will be officially launched in the Nordic markets such as Finland.

　　On July 11th, 2023, at Taicang Port International Container Terminal in Jiangsu Province, a batch of new energy vehicles will be exported by special frame transportation (panoramic photo of unmanned aerial vehicle). Xinhua News Agency (photo by Ji Haixin)

　　Since the beginning of this year, China’s new energy automobile industry has galloped all the way. From January to July, the production and sales of new energy vehicles totaled 4.591 million and 4.526 million, up 40% and 41.7% respectively.

　　Recently, policies to support automobile development have been launched intensively. China has made it clear that the vehicle purchase tax reduction policy for new energy vehicles will be extended to the end of 2027; The National Development and Reform Commission, together with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other departments, formulated "Several Measures for Promoting Automobile Consumption"; The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has clearly stepped up the formulation and implementation of the work plan for the steady growth of key industries such as automobiles … …

　　"Support measures from both ends of supply and demand further boost market confidence and stabilize industrial development." Chen Shihua, deputy secretary-general of China Automobile Industry Association, said that with the implementation of the new round of automobile consumption promotion policy, the consumption potential of automobiles, especially new energy vehicles, is expected to be further released, which will help the industry achieve the goal of steady growth throughout the year.

　　Market expansion drives industrial chain innovation. At the end of June, Dongfeng Weifu distributed wheel drive passenger car started long-term test, adopting pure electric four-wheel drive, high integration technology of wheel motor and controller. Compared with the traditional drive configuration, the whole vehicle accelerated by 42% in 100 kilometers.

　　You Zheng, deputy general manager of Dongfeng Company, told the reporter that Dongfeng has continued to promote electrification and intelligent technology across the board, and has achieved independent control in the three power systems and completed the industrial layout. Focusing on intelligence, we have independently created a new generation of centralized SOA electronic and electrical architecture. Relying on technology brands Hydrogen Boat, we will continue to promote the development of hydrogen power. "We will make efforts to fill the shortcomings, seize the new track of intelligent network connection, and use new technologies and new products to build the competitive advantage of new energy intelligent network connection vehicles".

　　"In the past, competition relied on special technology. Today, it depends more on ‘ Chain ’ 。” Xu Jun, senior vice president of Zero Run Automobile, said that consolidating and expanding the advantages of industrial chain by relying on integrated innovation is very important for new energy vehicles to achieve "leading" in the future. The industry is also stepping up its efforts, and collaborative innovation modes such as host manufacturers, component manufacturers, software companies and scientific research institutes have become the mainstream.

　　The supporting system will be improved to lay a solid foundation for industrial development. According to the data released by China Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Promotion Alliance, as of July 2023, the member units in the alliance reported a total of 2.211 million public charging piles.

　　According to the data of the Ministry of Transport, by the end of June, 5931 expressway service areas had built charging facilities, accounting for 89.48% of the total number of expressway service areas in China. The next step will be to further optimize and improve the service charging infrastructure network along the highway in accordance with the principle of "moderate advance".

　　Shandong introduced measures from the aspects of charging infrastructure construction and time-of-use electricity price of residential charging piles, and Shenzhen issued the Three-year Action Plan (2023-2025) for Shenzhen to accelerate the construction of a new generation of world-class automobile city … … All localities have launched pragmatic measures according to local conditions to "escort" the development of new energy vehicles.

　　Recently, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other five departments have revised the current Measures for the Parallel Management of Average Fuel Consumption of Passenger Car Enterprises and New Energy Vehicle Points, adjusted the calculation method of new energy vehicle points, and established a flexible trading mechanism of points to further help the industrial development.

　　The "Guidelines for the Construction of National Vehicle Networking Industry Standard System (Intelligent Networked Vehicles) (2023 Edition)" was recently issued to provide the vehicle networking industry with a more complete framework, more comprehensive content and clearer logic.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said that it will guide the industry to be electrified, intelligent and networked through standards, and further enhance the development momentum of the automobile industry. At the same time, it will support key large enterprises to take the lead, large, medium and small enterprises to participate, carry out cross-industry and cross-domain collaborative innovation, accelerate the research and development, popularization and application of new technologies and new products such as high-precision sensors and operating systems, support the development of high-security climate power batteries, heat pump air conditioning, vehicle thermal management and other technical research, and provide policy assistance for the high-quality development of new energy vehicles.

The session will not fall! Changan automobile won the double honor [self-reliance through science and technology ＜ 44 ＞]

On the evening of January 28th.

Central radio and television main station

The 4th China Automobile Fengyun Festival Awards Ceremony

Held at Beijing National Gymnasium.

At this grand ceremony

Changan Automobile Global Design Team, Aouita 12

They were awarded "Pioneer Design Team of the Year"

"Best Intelligent Driving"

Won two honors

Fully demonstrated Changan Automobile.

Hard core strength in the field of design and products

It is understood that

"China Automobile Fengyun Festival" is sponsored by the Central Radio and Television General Station and specially planned by the Financial Program Center of the General Station, aiming at the China automobile market, to select the annual outstanding models with strong products, market guidance and future development trends for consumers, and is known as the "wind vane of the automobile industry".

As the most authoritative event in the domestic automobile industry, it has been held for four consecutive years, and Changan Automobile has never failed.

In 2020 China Automobile Fengyun Festival, Changan Automobile CS75PLUS won the "Best Intelligent Networked Car of the Year".

In 2021 China Automobile Fengyun Festival, Changan Ford EVOS won the "Best Smart Car" and a new generation of Lincoln navigator NAUTILUS won the "Best Power Car".

At the 3rd China Automobile Fengyun Festival, Changan Automobile Force Electric won the "Special Award of Jury" and Deep Blue SL03 won the "Grand Prize of Jury".

Original title: "The session does not fall! Changan automobile won the double honor [self-reliance through science and technology < 44 >].

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On the first day of golf swing in Hangzhou Asian Games, Zhuzhou Yazi Chen Guxin temporarily ranked fourth.

On the first day of the competition, Chen Guxin handed in a score of 63 under par 9. This article photography/Fu Huanyu
Red Net News September 28th(Reporter Fu Yuyu) On the morning of September 28th, the golf project of Hangzhou Asian Games was held at Hangzhou West Lake International Golf Course. Chen Guxin, a 20-year-old from Zhuzhou, Hunan Province, ranked fourth among all the athletes in the first round with a score of 63 under par 9. In addition, Chen Guxin also participated in the team competition with national team teammates Ding Wenyi and Wu Ashun.
Chen Guxin pushed the ball steadily to the hole.
After the game, in an interview with the Red Net sports reporter, Chen Guxin gave a satisfactory score for his performance on the first day. "When I first came up, I was still a little nervous and didn’t let go completely, so I made some mistakes. Fortunately, I played my state bit by bit and seized many good opportunities."
Chen Guxin (right) and Karin Hitsh Josh (left) communicate in the competition.
Although it is the first time to participate in the Asian Games, Chen Guxin is no stranger to Hangzhou West Lake International Golf Course. This year, Chen Guxin won the runner-up in the "Charming Hangzhou" West Lake International Golf Open. Zhang Yubin, a South Korean athlete, and Karin Hitsh Josh, an Indian athlete in the same group, are also old rivals that Chen Guxin has encountered many times in the Asian Tour, and they have a good relationship with each other. During the competition, the three people often joke in English to cheer each other up.
On the first day of the competition, Chen Guxin (middle) competed with South Korean athlete Zhang Yubin (right) and Indian athlete Karin Hitsh Josh (left).
The golf competition will last from September 28th to October 1st, and 18 holes will be played every day, and individual and team champions will be produced with the final result of four days. Chen Guxin said that he would relax, enjoy this rare trip to the Asian Games and strive for good results.
Chen Guxin swung vigorously to kick off.
"I also want to thank my hometown elders for their care and support, and my leaders, coaches and teammates in Hunan. I will fight for China and Hunan in the Asian Games." Chen Guxin said.
Red Net Sports supported by Xiangjiao Liquor Industry reported from the front.
Reporting/feedback

CCTV.com

　　CCTV.com News (news broadcast): "New Year’s Eve, including jiaozi". Today, when every household is preparing for the New Year’s Eve, local governments and the masses have "arranged" a special "reunion dinner" for the needy people with care and love, so that the true feelings and warmth can accompany them to have a happy New Year.

　　At noon today, more than 8,000 widowed elderly people in Hongkou District of Shanghai put on new clothes bought for them by the community and got together to have a "reunion dinner". Young volunteers from Hefei, Anhui Province came to the apartment for the elderly today, sending deep affection to more than 150 elderly people.

　　Gao Caixia, an Anhui old man: I have lived to be over 90 years old, and I feel that now is the best time.

　　Young volunteers in Hebei, Guangxi, Shanxi, Jiangsu and other places have formed a "family pair" with the widowed and low-income elderly to take them home for the New Year. Charity federations in Guizhou, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Jilin, Henan and other places also held "charity reunion dinner" to let the needy people share the festive feast of love.

　　In the SOS Children’s Village in Putian, Fujian, children are eating steaming reunion dinner with their mothers in the village. Orphans from Fushun Welfare Institute in Liaoning Province came to Leifeng class today and wrapped up jiaozi with their uncles in the military camp. The orphans and disabled children in Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, and the police "dads" will celebrate the New Year soon.

　　Guan Nan, sos Children’s Village in Qiqihar, China: Because today’s New Year’s Eve dinner is very special, they are like relatives to us.

　　Today, 100 academicians and professors from Central South University invited more than 200 poor students to their homes to celebrate New Year’s Eve.

　　Academician Huang Boyun, President of Central South University: Just let them feel that the school is their home.

　　Reporter Wu Xueshan: This is the construction site of Wuhan section of Wuhe Railway, a national key construction project. Now, hundreds of migrant workers who insisted on construction during the Spring Festival gathered together to have a delicious reunion dinner and celebrate the New Year.

　　Not only the reunion dinner was sent, but more than 500 migrant workers also received accident insurance of 200,000 yuan per person purchased by the construction unit.

　　Lu Kunhao, a migrant worker in Hubei: It’s a double happiness.

　　In Sichuan, more than 2,000 migrant workers gathered together and had a lively "Dam Banquet for the Year of the Communist Youth League". In Guangzhou, the Municipal Federation of Trade Unions held a group year dumpling feast for more than 10,000 migrant workers who didn’t go home. At the dumpling banquet, a videophone was specially set up.

　　Shen Jian, a migrant worker from Shaanxi: (talking to his mother) I wish you all a happy New Year and all the best. Mom, I’m fine in Guangzhou.

　　Red dumplings, colorful buns, hot jiaozi, delicious dishes, and a series of delicious dishes are accompanied by blessings. From yesterday to today, in the community and on the train, all kinds of "reunion dinners" and "thousands of family banquets" have made people in need and people who are away from home feel deep affection and festive joy.

Editor: Zhao Wei

The annual flavor of the construction site is very full, and the special reunion dinner is very warm

The project site is full of flavor, and foreign workers are happy for the holidays.

02:25
In response to the initiative of celebrating the New Year on the spot, 24 foreign workers and project department managers had a happy New Year’s dinner recently.
At 12 noon, the workers came to the canteen after work. Red lanterns, blessed characters and colorful balloons were filled with a strong New Year atmosphere. The person in charge of the project department extended New Year greetings and New Year wishes to the workers.
Hu Jing, manager of Wudong Reconstruction Project Department of China No.1 Metallurgical Company.
“
Fellow workers, you have worked hard! First of all, I would like to thank you for your positive response to the call to celebrate the New Year on the spot. At the same time, on behalf of Wudong Reconstruction Project, I would like to thank you for your support and contribution, and thank you for your contribution! I wish you all good health, good luck and happiness in the new year.
"
The 24 workers studying in China are mainly from Huangmei, Hubei Province and Queshan, Henan Province, and most of them are spending the New Year at the project site for the first time. Just after the opening of the dinner, 40-year-old Master Wu Jianxin quickly used his mobile phone to video with his family, detailing the dishes of the dinner.
Master Wu introduced that during the Spring Festival, New Year’s Eve will take a day off and go to work normally from the first day to the sixth day. More than 20 people will operate two pile drivers, and it is expected that more than 20 piles will be completed every day. What makes him more satisfied is his income. Besides his salary, he can get no less than 500 yuan’s money every day.
Wudong building-returning project is the largest building-returning project under construction in Qingshan District. Fifteen high-rise houses and supporting facilities are planned to be built, with a total construction area of over 430,000 square meters and a construction period of 1,080 days. According to the plan, 120 pile foundation construction tasks need to be completed during the Spring Festival.
In order to make 24 migrant workers have a happy and peaceful Spring Festival in Han, Wudong Street, where the project is located, and Changjiang Ecological Joint Development Company, the owner, sent condolences such as pork, vegetables, rice and cooking oil, and the project department also prepared in advance to do a good job in service guarantee.
Another kind of reunion dinner warms the hearts of employees

ten to two
On the 28th day of the twelfth lunar month, the municipal bridge company affiliated to Wuhan Eco-environment Investment and Development Group organized the staff of Donghu Tunnel Project Department to make a package of jiaozi and have a reunion dinner together. The staff "celebrated the New Year on the spot" and their happiness continued unabated.
Huang Hu, inspector of Donghu Tunnel Operation Project Department
“
I come from Xinyang, Henan, and this is my first time to package jiaozi.
"
Dai Futing, Monitor of Donghu Tunnel Operation Project Department
“
In the north, relatives get together to pack jiaozi before the Chinese New Year. After 12 o’clock on New Year’s Eve, I started cooking jiaozi and eating jiaozi. Although this year is the Spring Festival in Wuhan, I am very happy to have so many colleagues in the company to package jiaozi together, and the atmosphere is very warm.
"
"Eat jiaozi!" Everyone has been busy for a long time, and the steaming jiaozi is finally out of the pot. Xing Jing, the supervisor of the East Lake Tunnel Operation Project Department, had a video conversation with his mother in Weinan, Shaanxi Province while eating jiaozi. She told her mother not to worry. She was very happy in Wuhan for the New Year.
Xing Jing, Monitor of Donghu Tunnel Operation Project Department
“
Because of the epidemic, we can’t go home for the New Year. Although we are homesick, our colleagues and company leaders are still very happy and feel very warm when we spend the New Year in the company.
"
Stick to your post during the Spring Festival
Workers pay tribute!
I wish you all a happy New Year!
Good luck in the Year of the Ox!
Produced by Wuhan Radio and Television Station
Editor: Zhang Tingting
Media reporter: Huang Peng, Chen Zhefeng, Juck Zhang and Xu Tangjie
Correspondent: Huang Yi Mei Han Wang Kairong
Editor: Qi Wen
Reporting/feedback

A survey of the concept of financial knowledge

Source: supply chain finance
Financial concept daquan
noun
1. Financial market in a broad sense: generally refers to all financial transactions conducted by both the capital supply and demand sides through various financial instruments, including all monetary financial activities between financial institutions and customers, between financial institutions and between capital supply and demand sides, such as deposits, loans, trusts, leasing, insurance, mortgage and discount of bills, trading of stocks and bonds, gold foreign exchange trading, etc.
2. Narrow financial market: generally limited to financing activities with bills and securities as financial instruments, interbank borrowing between financial institutions and gold foreign exchange transactions.
3. Financial market: the general term for monetary fund transactions, gold foreign exchange trading and interbank lending between financial institutions with bills and securities as financial instruments.
4. Primary market: also known as the issuance market or the primary market, it is a trading market formed when the fund demanders sell financial assets to the public for the first time.
5. Secondary market: the trading market where the issued old securities are transferred and circulated among different investors.
6. Financial instrument: also known as credit instrument, it is a legal document to prove the relationship between creditor’s rights and debts and to conduct monetary and capital transactions accordingly.
7. Stock: a kind of securities, which is a certificate issued by a joint stock limited company to prove the identity and rights of investors as shareholders and to obtain dividends and bonuses accordingly.
8. Common stock: a basic stock issued by a joint-stock company, which is the most standard stock.
9. Priority stocks: stocks issued by joint-stock companies that have priority over ordinary shareholders in terms of company income and distribution of remaining assets.
10. Bond: A written certificate issued by the debtor to the creditor to undertake the obligation of repaying the principal and interest at the agreed time.
11. Treasury bonds: short-term debt certificates issued by the government to make up for the temporary shortage of treasury funds.
12. Mortgaged corporate bonds: bonds issued by companies with real estate or movable property as collateral.
13. Credit corporate bonds: bonds issued by companies that do not use any assets as collateral or guarantee, but rely entirely on the company’s credit.
14. Converting corporate bonds: This kind of bonds stipulates that bondholders can convert into company shares in a certain proportion and under certain conditions within a certain period of time.
15. Corporate bonds with subscription rights for new shares: This bond gives the bondholder the right to buy new shares of the company.
16. Restructured corporate bonds: A bond with lower interest rate issued by a restructured company to reduce the debt burden.
17. Debt-sinking fund corporate bonds: This kind of bonds requires the issuing company to regularly withdraw a certain percentage of profits according to the total issued amount as repayment funds before the maturity of the bonds, and hand them over to the entrusted trust companies or financial institutions for safekeeping, and gradually accumulate them to ensure that the bonds will be repaid in one lump sum.
18. Financial bond: A bond issued to the public by banks and non-bank financial institutions in order to raise funds in accordance with the relevant securities laws and securities issuance procedures of the state, using their own reputation.
19. Fund securities: also known as investment fund securities, are securities issued to the public by the sponsors of investment funds, which prove that the holders enjoy the ownership of assets, the right to return assets and the right to distribute the remaining property according to their shares. It is the product of certain equity combinations of stocks, bonds and other financial products.
20. Bill: negotiable securities that the drawer promises or entrusts the drawee to unconditionally pay a certain amount on the specified date or at sight.
21. Free foreign exchange: It can be bought and sold freely in the foreign exchange market without the approval of the issuing country, and can be freely converted into currencies of other countries. They are widely used as means of payment and circulation in international economic exchanges.
22. Bookkeeping foreign exchange: Without the approval of the relevant foreign exchange administration departments, it cannot be converted into other countries’ currencies, and usually it can only be used between the countries of the agreement according to relevant agreements.
23. Derivative financial instruments: also known as financial derivatives, refer to a kind of financial products whose value depends on original financial instruments.
24. Money market: a short-term financial market with financial assets with a maturity of less than one year as the transaction object.
25. Interbank lending market: a market formed by short-term capital lending activities among various financial institutions.
26. Central bank bills: short-term bonds issued by the People’s Bank of China, with maturities ranging from 3 months to 1 year.
27. Pre-issuance market: In reality, there is a kind of treasury bond trading that is not conducted after the issuance is completed, but immediately after the announcement of the issuance. This trading market is also called the pre-issuance market. Such as WI-Fi transactions in the United States.
28. Transferable large deposit certificate: a certificate of deposit issued by a commercial bank and transferable in the market.
29. Repurchase agreement: When the securities holder sells the securities, it is agreed with the buyer that the seller will buy back an equal amount of the same kind of securities from the buyer at the agreed price on a certain date in the future.
30. Capital increase: An established joint-stock company issues new shares, which is called capital increase.
31. Credit transaction: also known as advance transaction or margin transaction, it is a transaction method in which the customer pays a certain amount of cash or stock to the broker as a margin, and the difference is advanced by the broker.
32. Option trading: Also known as option trading, it means that both parties reach a contract on whether to buy or sell a certain stock at an agreed price and within an agreed time.
33. Stock index futures trading: Futures trading with the stock price index as the object aims to reduce the risk of stock investment and increase the attractiveness of stock investment.
34. Stock index option trading: buying and selling option contracts based on stock price index.
35. Stock exchange: a place organized according to certain methods and rules to conduct centralized securities trading, also known as the floor trading market.
36. Membership system: A stock exchange in the form of membership organization is a legal entity that is formed voluntarily by intermediaries engaged in securities business and is not for profit.
37. Company system: The stock exchange in the form of company system is organized according to the company law. The exchange collects the issuer’s "listing fee" and extracts the "handling fee" and other service fees for securities transactions.
38. Commission broker: a broker who accepts the entrustment of clients, buys and sells on behalf of clients in the exchange and receives a fixed commission.
39. Two-yuan broker: Also known as expert broker, it is specially entrusted by the commission broker, and buys and sells on his behalf, charging a certain commission.
40. Special broker: Also known as professional broker, it is a broker who has a special status in the exchange and is engaged in special securities trading.
41. Securities dealers: also known as trading hall dealers, they only handle self-operated business and do not handle entrusted business.
42. Zero-share dealers: securities firms specializing in stock trading with less than one trading unit.
Brief discussion
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of direct financing and indirect financing?
Advantages of direct financing
(1) The close relationship between the supply and demand of funds is conducive to the rapid and rational allocation of funds and the improvement of efficiency in use.
(2) The cost of financing is low and the investment income is high.
Disadvantages of direct financing
(1) There are many restrictions on the amount, term and interest rate of direct financing.
(2) The liquidity of financial instruments used in direct financing is weaker than that of indirect financing, and their cashing ability is lower.
(3) Direct financing is risky.
Advantages of indirect financing
(1) Flexible and convenient.
(2) High security.
(3) The scale economy of finance has been improved.
Disadvantages of indirect financing
(1) The direct connection between the supply and demand sides of funds is cut off, which will reduce the concern of investors on enterprise production and the pressure and binding force of fund raisers on the use of funds to a certain extent.
(2) intermediary agencies charge a certain fee for providing services, which increases the cost of financing.
2, the relationship between the four elements of financial market.
Financial market participants, financial market trading objects, financial market intermediaries and financial market prices are the four major elements that constitute the financial market. They are closely related, mutually promoting and influencing each other. Among them, financial market participants and financial market trading objects are the most basic elements. As long as these two elements exist, financial markets will be formed, while financial market intermediaries and financial market prices are naturally generated or inevitably accompanied. Perfect intermediary institutions and price mechanisms are important conditions for the development of financial markets.
3. Particularity of financial market.
(1) There are mainly loan relationships and principal-agent relationships among market participants, which are temporary separation or conditional transfer of the right to use and ownership of funds based on credit.
(2) The transaction object is monetary funds or their derivatives.
(3) The transaction mode is special.
(4) The price determination in the market is complicated, with many influencing factors and great fluctuations.
(5) Trading places are invisible in most cases, and the ways of trading through telecommunications and computer networks are becoming more and more common.
4. The main differences between capital market and money market.
(1) Different maturities: all financial instruments traded in the capital market are more than one year, while those traded in the money market are within one year.
(2) Different roles: most of the funds in the capital market are used for the creation, renewal and expansion of equipment and storage materials of enterprises, or the establishment of public utilities and the maintenance of financial balance. Most of the money in the money market is used for short-term working capital of industrial and commercial enterprises.
(3) The degree of risk is different: the risk of credit instruments in the capital market is higher, and the risk of credit instruments in the money market is smaller.
5. Functions and functions of financial markets
(1) Facilitate investment and fund-raising.
(2) Reasonably guide the flow of funds, promote capital concentration and transfer to high-efficiency units.
(3) Facilitate the flexible conversion of funds.
(4) realize risk diversification and reduce transaction costs.
(5) It is conducive to enhancing the flexibility of macro-control.
(6) It is conducive to strengthening economic ties between departments, regions and countries.
6, the difference between financial instruments and financial assets
Financial instruments are sometimes called financial assets, but strictly speaking, these two concepts are different. Although all financial instruments are financial assets to the holders, they cannot be called financial assets if we look at them in isolation. For example, money issued by the central bank and stocks and bonds issued by enterprises cannot be said to be financial assets, because for issuers, money, stocks and bonds are their liabilities. Therefore, money, stocks and bonds should not be simply called financial assets, but should be called financial instruments. Financial instruments are financial assets to the holders.
7. Characteristics of stocks
(1) Stock is a kind of ownership certificate, which represents the certificate of invested share capital.
(2) Stocks are permanent securities with no repayment period.
(3) The return of stock has great uncertainty.
8. Main differences between common stock and preferred stock
(1) Ordinary shareholders enjoy the right to participate in the operation of the company, while preferred shareholders generally do not enjoy the right to participate in the operation of the company.
(2) The income of common shareholders depends on the profitability of the company, while the income of preferred shares is fixed.
(3) Ordinary shareholders cannot withdraw their shares, but can only be realized in the secondary market, while preferred shareholders can request the company to redeem their shares in accordance with the redemption clause attached to the preferred shares.
(4) Priority stock is the most important kind of special stock, which enjoys priority in the company’s profit and the distribution of surplus property.
9, the difference between bonds and stocks
(1) The relationship indicated is different: bonds indicate the relationship between creditor’s rights and debts, and stocks indicate the ownership relationship.
(2) The rights and obligations of investors are different: bond investors have the right to obtain principal and interest, but have no right to ask about business management activities. Stock investors can get the right to operate, but they can’t withdraw their shares to recover their principal.
(3) The determination of income is different: the income of bonds is determined by their interest rates, and the income of stocks depends on the operating conditions of the issuing company.
10, the main reason for the government to issue treasury bonds.
(1) To make up for the temporary and seasonal balance of government finance and meet the temporary capital turnover needs.
(2) When unexpected events occur in the process of budget implementation, resulting in an increase in expenditure and it is difficult to keep up with the income, it is necessary to cope with temporary emergencies.
(3) When the interest rate in the financial market is too high, the interest burden of the government issuing long-term bonds is too heavy, so the short-term treasury bonds are issued first, and then the low-interest long-term bonds are issued after the market interest rate changes in the future.
11, fund securities, stocks and bonds in common.
(1) The investments in fund securities, stocks and bonds are all securities investments.
(2) The forms of fund securities are similar to those of stocks and bonds.
(3) Stocks and bonds are the investment objects of fund securities.
12. The difference between fund securities, stocks and bonds
(1) Different investment status: Shareholders are shareholders of the company and have the right to express their opinions on major decisions of the company. The bondholders are creditors and have the right to recover the principal and interest at maturity. The holder of fund securities is the beneficiary of the fund and has the right to distribute the investment income.
(2) The degree of risk is different: the risk of stocks is the greatest, the risk of fund securities is the second, and the risk of bonds is the smallest.
(3) The returns are different: stocks have the highest returns, followed by fund securities, and bonds have the lowest returns.
(4) Different ways of investment: unlike investors in stocks and bonds, fund securities are an indirect way of securities investment.
(5) Different ways of investment recovery: bond investment has a certain term, and the principal is recovered after the expiration, while stock investment is indefinite. If it is to be recovered, it can only be realized at the market price in the securities exchange market. Fund securities are different depending on the form of funds held.
13. Similarities and differences between negotiable certificates of deposit and general certificates of deposit.
(1) What they have in common is that they are all time certificates of deposit issued by banks, and banks pay interest.
(2) The difference is that it cannot be withdrawn in advance, but it can be transferred at any time. It has a specific amount and term, and the term is short, usually 14 days to one year. The interest is paid in coupon rate every six months or on the maturity date, and the denomination is large. Most large deposit certificates in the United States are $100,000.
14. What are the benefits of negotiable certificates of deposit for banks and investors?
Certificate of deposit is a good financial tool for investors and banks;
(1) certificates of deposit enable commercial banks to take the initiative to issue certificates of deposit in the market to raise funds, so that commercial banks can manage their liabilities and assets more actively.
(2) certificates of deposit enable investors to buy or sell certificates of deposit at any time according to the situation of capital week and adjust their asset portfolio.
(3) certificates of deposit improve the stability of commercial banks’ sources of funds.
15. Purpose of stock issuance
(1) To issue shares for the establishment of a joint-stock company.
(2) shares issued by an established joint-stock company to improve its operation or meet a specific need.
16. Purpose of capital increase
(1) Increase the proportion of self-owned capital and improve the capital structure. (2) maintain or expand business. (3) Meet the listing standards of the stock exchange. (4) promoting cooperation or maintaining the right to operate. (5) Divide benefits among shareholders. (6) Others, such as company restructuring or merger.
17, the characteristics of futures trading
(1) The transaction and delivery are not synchronized. (2) It can be offset at the time of delivery, that is, the liquidation parties only need to pay the difference. (3) There are both ordinary investors and speculators in the transaction.
18, the characteristics of OTC:
(1) A wide range of trading objects. (2) Both parties agree on the transaction price. (3) The trading mode is more flexible. (4) The trading places are scattered.
Transfer from: those things in the investment circle
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