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Science popularization: five kinds of particles that "don’t exist" but can change the world

  Particles refer to the smallest component of matter that can exist in a free state, including electrons and neutrons. The cornerstone of modern physics — — The physical standard model is essentially a "family tree" of a particle family, and its members are familiar to everyone. The Higgs boson, which finally revealed its beauty, was sought after by scientists from all walks of life as soon as it came out.

  But there is an equally important class of particles that nobody cares about Of course, this is understandable, because these "quasi-particles" do not really exist, but their unique physical properties are enough to change modern science and technology. In a recent report, the British magazine New Scientist listed five quasi-particles that "don’t exist" but can change the face of the world.

  Phonon: electric cowboy

  In 2012, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN discovered the Higgs boson, which is the mass source of other particles. So far, all 62 kinds of elementary particles have been discovered, and the standard model of particle physics has been perfected.

  But without phonon, all this would not have happened.

  The concept of phonon is developed in the process of studying lattice vibration. Li Baowen, director of the Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science of Tongji University, once explained that phonons are not real particles, but quasi-particles, which are quantized lattice vibrations. It is called a phonon because the essence of "sound" is the "vibration" of an object. In fact, the Greek word for phonon means sound.

  The name phonon was first put forward by Igor Tamm, a physicist in the former Soviet Union, in 1932. He pointed out that just as light corresponds to electrons, sound waves can be associated with some particles we call "phonons". In solids, especially in semiconductors and insulators, "heat" is conducted through lattice vibration, that is, "phonons" are carriers of heat.

  At room temperature, phonons are quasi-particles, and the heat conduction of solid materials is mainly realized by phonons. But at extremely low temperature, these quasi-particles "incarnate" into a group of "cowboys", driving away the "cattle" composed of electrons. These electrons act uniformly, and their resistance is almost zero, which is the principle of low temperature superconductivity.

  It is the huge electromagnetic field created by superconducting magnets that makes protons bend in the large circular orbit of LHC. In the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner, these superconducting magnets "transform" as a command, guiding oxygen atoms in human tissues to "dance" and releasing traceable radio signals. In addition, phonons also play an important role in the field of thermoelectric materials. These thermoelectric materials can convert thermal energy into electrical energy, and it is also expected to realize scientists’ dream of reusing waste heat from automobile engines to supply power for electronic products.

  Magneton: the king of spin

  Since Tam put forward the concept of "phonon", scientists have gradually found many such quasi-particles in solids. Another such particle originates from spin, a quantum property that is the basis of magnetism. Spin is like an arrow on an atom, pointing south or north; When all spins in matter are aligned, a magnetic field appears. However, when this spin state is constantly reversed, a wave effect is created, which scientists call "magnon".

  Ordinary computers and smart phones need electricity to store information, but the information of equipment power failure cannot be obtained. If a magnon is used, the information storage will depend entirely on the magnetic field without electricity, which is called Spintronics. The advantage of this method is that it consumes little power — — Excessive power consumption is one of the main problems encountered in miniaturization of transistor chips. If the magnetic oscillator is controlled by electromagnetic waves, the computer can completely get rid of the shackles of wires and electricity.

  Exciton: the secret weapon of plants

  The earth gets more energy from the sun in an hour than all mankind consumes in a year. Plants play the role of energy catchers, and excitons are the "secret weapons" for plants to perform this task.

  In any substance, electrons exist in different energy levels. When a photon strikes the surface of an object, it will excite electrons to a higher energy level, leaving a hole. Electrons are negatively charged and holes are positively charged. Under certain conditions, the Coulomb attraction between them will bind them together in space, so the complex formed is called excitons.

  The leaves of plants contain light-trapping proteins, and the electrons in the light-trapping proteins will be excited to absorb photons and leave their positions, leaving a hole, electrons — Excitons formed by hole pairs will float around the photosynthesis production line of plants.

  When excitons arrive at specific positions where they are needed, electrons recombine with holes and release energy, which plants use to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen.

  This photosynthesis is the root of life on earth, and human beings have been looking forward to simulating this reaction in solar cells. In 2013, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found a way to "photograph" excitons directly, which took a key step towards the ultimate goal.

  According to the online edition of Science magazine in 2009, Leonid Butov, a physics professor at the University of California, San Diego, and his colleagues have made several transistors based on excitons. These transistors are expected to become the basic modules of new computers, and the circuits assembled by them will become the first computing device using excitons in the world.

  Mayorana Fermion: Quantum Hero

  If you want to have a real multi-process computer, you can turn to a quantum computer for help. The quantum computer, which is still in its infancy, makes use of subtle and uncertain quantum states and can give multiple solutions to the same problem at the same time. As long as the external environment does not disturb the "magic" of the quantum computer, it can run stably.

  Majorana quasiparticles can provide "qubits" for quantum operations, which makes quantum computers more powerful.

  The information in an ordinary computer is stored in "bits", and each bit is coded as 0 or 1; Information bits in a quantum computer can exist as 0 and 1 at the same time, but this superposition state is very fragile. For this reason, physicists have been looking for ways to make qubits more stable.

  In 1930s, Italian theoretical physicist ettore majorana predicted that there must be a particle, which is the same as its antiparticle. The concept of "majorana particle" was born. It has no mass and no charge. It is its own antiparticle and always appears in pairs. Because of its special properties, majorana particles are electrically neutral and rarely interact with the environment, so it becomes an ideal carrier for quantum information coding.

  Since majorana particles always appear in pairs, which means that there are two copies of the information they contain, theoretically speaking, majorana qubits are more tolerant to external noise. However, according to Attila Geresdi of QuTech Institute in the Netherlands, these qubits exist in the background of huge electronic effects, and it is very tricky to extract the information of majorana quasiparticles.

  In June this year, the research team of Jia Jinfeng of Shanghai Jiaotong University wrote in the Physical Review Express that they had successfully captured the Mayorana fermion in the laboratory through a special artificial film composed of topological insulator materials and superconductor materials, which not only contributed to the development of quantum computers, but also helped to further uncover the mystery of dark matter.

  Wilfermion: Double-faced Jiaowa

  "Weyl fermions" are like shy "cousins" of electrons. In 1929, the German scientist H. Weyl proposed that there is a kind of electron with no "mass" and can be divided into two different "chirality" of left-handed and right-handed, and this electron is called "Wilfermion".

  The fermion has two key characteristics: massless and chiral. The lack of mass means that it can move at high speed, and at the same time, it is extremely resistant to interference that is inconsistent with its chirality, which makes it difficult to scatter: two different types of fermion streams can be close together without interaction. It has been suggested that these properties can make it the basis of computers beyond spintronics computing power.

  However, for more than 80 years, scientists have not observed the fermion in the experiment, and the semi-metallic materials with the characteristics of fermion have only recently appeared. On July 16, last year, Science magazine published the experimental results of the team of physicist Zaid Hassan of Princeton University. The team announced that they found "Waier Fermion" in "Waier Semimetal"; On July 20th, official website, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, announced that the research team led by Fang Zhong, a researcher from the Institute, had successfully discovered the Verfermion in TaAs crystal for the first time. Therefore, the era of "Weyl Weyltronics" has appeared on the horizon, but there is still a long way to go.

Press conference of the State Council Office: Natural resources help build a well-off society in an all-round way

  Cctv news(News broadcast): The State Council Office held a press conference today (October 29th), and the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Natural Resources introduced the positive contribution made by the field of natural resources to building a well-off society in an all-round way.

  According to the Ministry of Natural Resources, cultivated land is the lifeblood of grain production. According to the results of the third national land survey, we have kept the red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land protection set by the state and completed the task of 1.865 billion mu of cultivated land in 2020 set by the state plan.

  At the same time, China’s geological survey has also made great progress. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, eight 100 million-ton oil fields, five 100 billion cubic meters of natural gas fields, five 100 billion cubic meters of shale gas fields and 311 large and medium-sized mineral fields were newly discovered. The Ministry of Natural Resources also said that in the past 10 years, China has made great achievements in ecological protection and construction, with a total net increase of 260 million mu in woodland, grassland, wetland, river surface and lakes with strong ecological functions. China has also issued institutional documents such as coastal wetland protection, grassland protection and restoration, and wetland protection and restoration, initially forming a new pattern of ecological restoration.

Meteorological heat index sends out small "shade"

Source: China Meteorological News Agency  
Release date: July 29, 2010 at 10:56

Intern reporter of China Meteorological News Sun Nan Anjia


 


  Hot! With the arrival of the dog days, the high temperature in the whole country has come back again. On July 26th, the Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued the yellow warning signal of high temperature again. The citizens in Beijing complained: "The highest temperature in the weather forecast is only 35℃, but it feels like it is almost catching up with the high temperature of 40℃ a few weeks ago!"


  Why is there always a gap between the temperature people feel and the temperature predicted by the meteorological department? Is the data monitored in the louver box discounted to the temperature?


  


Record the history of air temperature


The standard temperature is measured in the louver.


  Taking the pulse for the sky is a scientific and rigorous work. Li Xiaoquan, the chief expert of China Weather Network and former director of the Central Meteorological Observatory, told us that there are strict standards for the setting of louver boxes, which are set according to the regulations of the World Meteorological Organization and the norms of meteorological observation.


  The thermometer should be erected at a height of 1.5 meters from the ground and installed in a louver box with ventilation on six sides. It should not only ensure that it can communicate with the outside air, but also ensure that it will not be excessively affected by the wind, and at the same time avoid direct sunlight. In addition, the environment around the louver box also has strict requirements. It is internationally unified that the observation field must be empty and flat, and there should be no trees and tall buildings around it, and it should be placed on the lawn with a thickness of no more than 20 cm.


  Only in this way can we ensure that the global meteorological observation data are representative, accurate and comparative, facilitate the global sharing of temperature data, correctly analyze the changes of weather systems and provide reliable weather forecasting services.
Every day, at a fixed time, observers should observe the temperature of the louver. Stations that switch to automatic meteorological observation will also regularly transmit observation data to forecasters for weather analysis and forecast.


  Li Xiaoquan said that the temperature forecast mentioned in the weather forecast refers to the forecast of air temperature. The air temperature is very local, which is related to altitude and surrounding environment. Human activities are generally at the height of 1 meter to 2 meters. Therefore, the air temperature in the 1.5-meter-high louver box can reflect the real atmospheric situation of the human activity layer, which represents the undisturbed standard air temperature in the natural state.


  


Different feelings under the same sky


The difference of somatosensory temperature caused by many influences


  The somatosensory temperature refers to the temperature that people feel. Due to the differences of regions, environments and individuals, there is a gap between the somatosensory temperature and the actual temperature.


  There are many factors that affect the somatosensory temperature. Li Xiaoquan thinks that the most important factors that make people feel the temperature difference are relative humidity and wind power.


  When the temperature is high and the humidity is high, the sweat on the skin surface cannot evaporate well, so the heat dissipation efficiency of the human body is low, and the somatosensory temperature is higher than the actual temperature. So even in the hot weather of 35℃, as long as the humidity is low, you will feel dry and not too uncomfortable. However, in most cities in the south and in the rainy season in the north, the relative humidity will reach more than 80%. At this time, as long as the temperature exceeds 32℃, the human body will feel sultry and unbearable.


  Wind, like a huge fan, virtually accelerates the flow of air, and can quickly take away sweat from human skin, making people feel as if the temperature has dropped. In addition, the influence of solar radiation is also very obvious. Under the same temperature, humidity and wind speed, the temperature difference between sunlight and the somatosensory temperature in the shade can be 4℃ to 6℃.


  The somatosensory temperature also varies from person to person: people in different regions feel different. Indian tourists who are used to the high temperature of 45℃ will not feel very hot when they come to China to see the Expo, but tourists from cold northern Europe are hard to adapt. Even in the same area, the feelings of the elderly and children will be very different. Even two adults in the same area will feel different when standing in the sun. Physical condition, clothes color, skin color and even good or bad mood can affect people’s feeling of temperature. As the saying goes, "being calm and naturally cool" is a good portrayal of the influence of people’s emotions on somatosensory temperature.


  In the new round of high temperature, the public clearly felt the difference between the somatosensory temperature and the real temperature, and some people started the experiment of frying eggs with manhole covers. Crack, crack, crack, crack, crack, crack, crack, crack, crack, crack, crack. Under the direct sunlight, the asphalt road was baked with oil. Some people took out a thermometer to measure the ground temperature, which actually reached 70℃ to 90℃. Many netizens suspected that not predicting the road temperature was for fear of unnecessary panic caused by excessive temperature.


  In this regard, Li Xiaoquan explained that the temperature should be representative, and the temperature of different underlying surfaces is different. It is a universal standard method to observe the ground temperature by burying the thermometer half in the soil. The meteorological department has a record of monitoring the surface temperature, but predicting the ground temperature in summer has little practical significance for citizens’ travel activities. Regardless of the ground temperature, people should choose to walk with shoes.


  


Thermal index forecast for weather "cooling down"


Humanized service reminds people of sun protection and heatstroke prevention


  Meteorology affects all kinds of human activities everywhere. As people pay more and more attention to meteorology, the task before meteorologists is not only to talk to the sky, but also to talk to people.


  Li Xiaoquan believes that meteorological departments in various regions should provide the forecast of somatosensory temperature index according to local people’s living habits, topography and landforms, not necessarily as accurate as the live temperature, but at least should distinguish grades. "I think the weather forecast in the future will tell people whether the weather tomorrow will be dry, comfortable and hot, sultry or very sultry, not just the dry’ maximum temperature of 35℃’."


  At this year’s World Expo, the heat index forecast of the Expo site, which has been prepared for nearly a year, was launched on Shanghai Weather Online in many languages. Thermal index forecast of Expo site: Shanghai model 34, German model 39, Hong Kong model 33 … Shanghai Meteorological Bureau introduced internationally famous thermal index forecast models. This thermal index forecast product is released regularly twice a day.


  Geng Fuhai, head of the Urban Environment Center of Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, said that the thermal index is an index describing human comfort. Use the thermal index calculation models of various countries to calculate the possible somatosensory temperatures of people in various countries. For example, the actual temperature is 33℃, the Shanghai model shows a thermal index of 34, the American model shows a thermal index of 120, and Americans know that it is 120 degrees Fahrenheit at a glance.


  Ms Guan, a tourist visiting the Expo from Anhui, said: "The introduction of the heat index is very humanized. Although the weather has been sultry for several days, I feel very happy when I go online to see the meteorological service in the Expo Park before going out every morning."


  "Although the thermal index has been launched, the relevant verification issues are still being discussed internationally. The somatosensory temperature is influenced by personal factors, and everyone has differences, so the operation of this model is difficult to be accurately verified. " Yan Fuhai said.


  Tang Xu, director of the Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, also said that the meteorological forecast service is not only the Expo meteorological service, but also provides the internationally accepted standard temperature forecast, and also provides various refined products according to the needs of various units in the city and the feelings of pedestrians on the road. Tang Xu said: "our work should keep pace with the times and meet the needs of the broad masses of the people. This is the direction of our efforts. Meteorological standards should be adhered to, but follow-up services should also be strengthened. "   


  Weather can also make life better. "People-oriented" is not only the ruling idea, but also the proper meaning of the meteorological department’s continuous improvement of public service level. Just as Li Xiaoquan said, under the premise of doing a good job of live temperature forecast, the forecast of somatosensory temperature index can make meteorological services icing on the cake.


  


  (Editor: Luan Fei)


  



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It takes internal strength to stabilize this bowl of mala Tang.

Tianshui is on fire! Accompanied by the red pepper running from the nose to the brain, the string of "bouquets" in hand and the boiling soup pot bottom, Tianshui attracted thousands of netizens in front of the screen to fly and take the high-speed train to come here and experience the "YOLO" for themselves.

A bowl of mala Tang makes a city with fire. The sudden explosion of fire, netizens have shouted Tianshui Wenlv: "You have to catch this wealth!" This time, the Tianshui municipal government also focused on "listening to persuasion", and started the "pet powder mode" with the actions of the whole city: painting the walls overnight, opening the Mala Tang bus line, picking up foreign tourists free of charge at airports and stations, and holding a special meeting on Mala Tang service guarantee, so as to do a good job in health protection without dead ends … The effective experience accumulated by the predecessor "online celebrity City", Tianshui people took out all the "Tao Xin Wo Zi", just to keep this hard-won. According to the data, as of March 14th, the popularity of tourism search in Tianshui increased by 186% in the past week. According to the data from Meituan and the public, from March 16th to March 17th, the advance booking volume of Tianshui’s tourism consumption (including hotels and lodging, classic tickets, transportation, etc.) increased by about 18 times year-on-year. Since the "out of the circle" of Tianshui Mala Tang, the overall order volume of Tianshui Wenlv Market has increased by 40% year-on-year.

From the smell of "Zi" last year to the feeling of "Bin" at the beginning of this year, and today’s "Mala Tang" in Tianshui, the siphon effect triggered by the cultural tourism market has made all cities deeply feel the powerful empowerment role provided by the cultural tourism industry for urban development. However, looking at these "fire out of the circle" cities, we can turn "flow" into "reserve", which is ultimately inseparable from hard work and accumulation.

As the saying goes, one side of the soil and water raises one side. The local grass, trees, bricks and tiles are condensed with rich historical background and unique customs, which can not be replaced by anyone or anything. Just as the local products Longnan pepper and Gangu pepper, which make Tianshui explode, have made this bowl of mala Tang the essence. What attracts tourists to Tianshui is not only this bowl of mala Tang, but also the lonely smoke in the desert, Maijishan Grottoes and Fuxi Nuwa’s "Poetry and Distance".

In this sense, if you want to win the initiative in regional development, you need to tap regional characteristics according to local conditions, expand service projects according to the situation, and strive to create your own "highlight moment." We should actively build a catalytic holographic service system. Through a series of explosive cultural tourism projects, we will create high-quality and cost-effective services, trigger the deepening and extension of urban awareness and recognition, and realize the promotion and optimization of multi-format services such as talents, business and investment. We should actively cultivate local characteristic brands and expand brand influence. Carefully build "time-honored brands", launch unique public brands of local products, build a modern commercial core area with "both prosperity and fireworks", and stimulate potential consumption. It is necessary to keep up with market changes, closely follow the needs of tourists, further optimize the tourism environment, scientifically formulate marketing strategies, boldly innovate marketing methods, make products more "aligned", make demand more "in place" and let "small resources" trigger "big effects".

■ Quan Jing


General Administration of Market Supervision: 8 batches of food were unqualified, involving biscuits, ginger and fried dough sticks.

The website of the General Administration of Market Supervision reported on December 13th that recently, the General Administration of Market Supervision organized food safety supervision and sampling inspection to extract catering food, edible agricultural products, tea and related products, dairy products, beverages, alcohol, biscuits, potatoes and puffed food, bean products, bee products, canned food, vegetable products, fruit products, condiments, frozen drinks, candy products, infant formula food, special dietary food and edible oil, grease and its products. The main problems found are excessive pesticide residues, heavy metal pollution, excessive use of food additives, and substandard quality indicators. The product sampling results can be found in https://spcjsac.gsxt.gov.cn/.

The General Administration of Market Supervision has instructed provincial-level market supervision departments such as Tianjin, Jilin, Fujian, Guangxi, Hainan, Guizhou and Yunnan to immediately organize verification and disposal, find out the product flow, and urge enterprises to take measures such as recalling unqualified products from the shelves to control risks; Strictly deal with violations of laws and regulations according to law; Timely disclose the risk prevention and control measures and verification and disposal of enterprises to the public, and report to the General Administration.

The specific situation of supervision and sampling of unqualified food is hereby notified as follows:

First, the problem of pesticide residues exceeding the standard

(1) Cowpea sold by Changxindian Store of Changchun Eurasia Supermarket Chain Store Co., Ltd. in Jilin Province and from HanWenjun Vegetable Wholesale in Kuancheng District, Changchun City, Jilin Province, in which omethoate residue does not meet the national food safety standards. The inspection institution is Hubei Food Quality and Safety Supervision and Inspection Institute.

(2) The water ginger sold by Haiken Store of Hainan Wangjiawang Trading Co., Ltd. from Garlic Wholesale Bank of Longhua Yu Road, Haikou, Hainan Province, in which the residue of clothianidin does not meet the national food safety standards. The inspection institution is Jiangxi Food Inspection and Testing Institute.

Second, the heavy metal pollution problem

(1) The old ginger from Guizhou Qianzhijun Agricultural Products Trading Co., Ltd., which was sub-packaged and sold by Changling North Road Branch of Guizhou Xinghe Zongheng Network Technology Co., Ltd., was found by Jilin Food Inspection Institute that the detected value of lead (calculated by Pb) did not meet the national food safety standards. Guizhou Xinghe Zongheng Network Technology Co., Ltd. Changling North Road Branch objected to the inspection results and applied for re-inspection; After re-inspection by Jilin Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, the preliminary inspection conclusion was maintained.

(2) The day lily sold by Longlifen Department Store in Pingguo City, Baise City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and from Kunzhen Condiment Business Department in Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, in which the detected value of lead (in Pb) does not meet the national food safety standards. The inspection agency is Chongqing Customs Technology Center.

Third, the problem of excessive use of food additives

(1) Zhou Xianmin, Chishuiyuan Town, Zhenxiong County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, processed the homemade fried dough sticks, in which the residual amount of aluminum (in terms of Al) did not meet the national food safety standards. The inspection institution is Chengdu Food Inspection and Research Institute.

(2) The self-made fried dough sticks processed by Mili Pancake Shop in Binhai New Area of Tianjin, in which the residual amount of aluminum (in terms of Al) does not meet the national food safety standards. The inspection agency is Qingdao Customs Technology Center.

(3) In Tianjin Binhai New Area, the self-made fried dough sticks were spread and processed at Jinguo Zaodian, and the residual amount of aluminum (in terms of Al) did not meet the national food safety standards. The inspection agency is Qingdao Customs Technology Center.

Fourth, the quality index is not up to standard

The corn-flavored combed biscuits sold by Haolegou Shopping Center in Tian Yang District, Baise City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and nominally produced by Xianghaihao Food Co., Ltd., Longhai City, Fujian Province, were found by Chongqing Customs Technology Center, and the peroxide value (in terms of fat) did not meet the national food safety standards. Fujian Longhai Xianggaihao Food Co., Ltd. objected to the inspection results and applied for re-inspection; After re-inspection by Fujian Institute of Product Quality Inspection, the preliminary inspection conclusion was maintained.

Optimizing financial resources to support scientific and technological innovation

  Developing new quality productivity is the inherent requirement and important focus of promoting high quality development. The reporter learned from the Ministry of Finance that in 2024, the financial sector will focus on strengthening the dominant position of enterprise innovation, giving play to the role of demand traction, improving the resilience and safety level of the industrial chain supply chain, stimulating the vitality of scientific research personnel, and at the same time focus on deepening the reform of the allocation and use mechanism of financial science and technology funds and vigorously developing new quality productivity.

  "To implement the innovation-driven development strategy and achieve high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, it is necessary to improve the new national system, optimize the allocation of innovative resources, strengthen the national strategic scientific and technological strength, and promote the deep integration of innovation chain, industrial chain, capital chain and talent chain. In recent years, the state finance has given priority to science and technology as a key area of fiscal expenditure. " Wang Dongwei, Vice Minister of Finance, said.

  Statistics show that from 2018 to 2023, the financial expenditure on science and technology increased from 832.7 billion yuan to 1,056.7 billion yuan. At the same time, we will comprehensively use policy tools such as tax incentives, government procurement, asset management, and finance to vigorously support scientific and technological innovation. In 2023, the state’s preferential tax policies to encourage enterprises to increase R&D investment continued to be "overweight", and the policy implementation was more accurate, effectively enhancing the confidence and confidence of enterprises in R&D investment and injecting more momentum into the innovation and development of enterprises. Judging from the prepayment declaration of enterprise income tax in 2023, enterprises have accumulated 1.85 trillion yuan of R&D expenses plus deduction, up 13.6% year-on-year, of which manufacturing enterprises enjoy 1.1 trillion yuan of extra deduction, accounting for nearly 60%. With the support of a series of central policies and the strong guarantee of financial resources, a large number of innovative achievements have emerged one after another.

  Li Xuhong, vice president and professor of Beijing National Accounting Institute, believes that the accelerated gathering of innovation kinetic energy in China has benefited from the continuous improvement of a series of preferential tax policies to support scientific and technological innovation, and implemented a series of preferential policies for innovative subjects such as high-tech enterprises, small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises, and R&D institutions. While encouraging enterprises to increase investment in R&D, they have fully guided innovative resources to gather in enterprises, which has provided strong support for the high-quality development of the real economy and contributed tax power to promoting industrial upgrading and transformation and cultivating new kinetic energy. On the other hand, the increase in financial investment in science and technology provides financial support for the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, strongly supports the development of new industries and emerging formats, and promotes industrial upgrading and innovation-driven.

  "To promote the development of new quality productive forces, financial strength is indispensable. Under the complicated overall economic situation, the financial sector has maintained its support for investment in scientific and technological innovation, supporting the development of new quality productive forces from multiple levels and angles. A series of innovative breakthroughs in key scientific and technological fields and major application fields cannot be separated from the continuous support of financial funds. " He Daixin, director of national academy of economic strategy Finance Research Office, said.

  Wang Dongwei said that in 2024, the financial sector will take more effective measures to promote the construction of a modern industrial system with scientific and technological innovation and vigorously develop new quality productivity.

  On the one hand, in terms of policy orientation, we should pay attention to four aspects. First, focus on strengthening the dominant position of enterprise innovation. We will implement the structural tax reduction and fee reduction policy and focus on supporting scientific and technological innovation and manufacturing development. Give full play to the inciting role of financial funds, promote financial resources and social capital to invest more in scientific and technological innovation, and promote the gathering of various innovative resources to enterprises. The second is to pay attention to the role of demand traction. Make good use of the advantages of domestic super-large-scale market, make greater efforts to promote the application iteration of innovation achievements, implement and improve the insurance compensation policy for the first (set) of major technical equipment and new materials, and solve the initial application bottleneck in a market-oriented way. The third is to pay attention to improving the resilience and safety level of the industrial chain supply chain. Integrate and optimize relevant financial projects, focus on key industrial chains, and support research to break through a number of short-board and weak technologies. We will implement the financial support policy of "specialization and innovation" for small and medium-sized enterprises, and drive more enterprises to focus on market segmentation and take the road of "specialization and innovation". Fourth, pay attention to stimulating the vitality of researchers, support the pilot reform of salary system in universities and research institutes, accelerate the pilot reform of ownership or long-term use right of post scientific and technological achievements, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of researchers.

  On the other hand, in the use of funds, efforts should be made to deepen the reform of the allocation and use mechanism of financial science and technology funds and achieve the "top four". The first is a strong foundation. Increase investment in basic research, applied basic research and cutting-edge research, and support the promotion of original innovation ability. The second is to tackle key problems. Vigorously support the fight to win key core technologies, support the layout of a number of major national science and technology projects, and accelerate the seizure of the commanding heights of science and technology. The third is strong power. Focus on national laboratories, national scientific research institutions, high-level research universities and leading enterprises in science and technology, and support the strengthening of national strategic scientific and technological strength. The fourth is strong efficiency. Strengthen the overall planning of projects, funds, talents and innovative resources of the base, comprehensively strengthen performance management, and strive to improve the use effect of science and technology funds.

  "Developing new quality productivity and promoting high-quality development is a long-term process. The financial department is broadening the scope of support and strengthening support, and giving full support to researchers, key laboratories and related enterprises for a wider range of basic research and key technology research in a larger field that is in urgent need of financial support at this stage. " He Daixin said.

  Reporter Zeng Jinhua

Old brands, new faces, which domestic new year goods are popular?

  Customers are shopping for tonics at Yuanding Farm Store, Changying Tianjie, Beijing. Our reporter Kang Pu photo

  Recently, Linyi City, Shandong Province opened its doors to welcome guests, and more than 300 old brands and honest businesses settled in, attracting many citizens to buy new year’s goods. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Ziheng photo

  As the Spring Festival approaches, people choose Spring Festival couplets, blessings, lanterns and other new year goods to greet the Spring Festival with great prosperity. The picture shows the citizens of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, shopping for Spring Festival ornaments in a trade city on January 13th. Photo by Su Yang (People’s Vision)

  Beijing Chaoyang District Changying Tianjie Shopping Center is crowded with people, and Yonghui Supermarket is full of people. All kinds of lanterns and Chinese knots with rich, safe and blessed characters are scattered from the ceiling, creating a festive and peaceful atmosphere.

  The year is approaching, and the flavor of the year is getting stronger. When it comes to buying new year’s goods, eating, drinking, wearing and daily use are indispensable, and every household is busy for this.

  Fairs, trade fairs, supermarkets, and e-commerce platforms have started the New Year Festival early, and the dazzling array of goods makes people eye-catching.

  What do consumers have in their shopping carts? What has changed compared with previous years? Which domestic brands are favored for the new year? Reporters go in and out of supermarkets and fairs, visit e-commerce, and show you this year’s new year’s market.

  New marketing, old brands continue to be strong.

  "Hurry to prepare for the weekend, you can’t do it at once, supermarkets, shopping malls, and markets have to go to many places." In Yonghui Supermarket, Changtian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, Ms. Wang stuffed several cheap square roast duck gift boxes into an already full shopping cart. "Some time-honored brands are bought every year, and the Chinese New Year is just a familiar taste! Daoxiang Village cakes are bought for the elderly, and roast ducks bring a few boxes to relatives and friends. Everyone loves to eat old brands and has a bottom in their hearts. "

  "From the multi-point statistics, in Beijing, Quanjude, Niulanshan and Sanyuan are the representatives of ‘ Jingwei ’ New year gift boxes sell well; In Zhejiang, consumers prefer Shaoxing Huadiao wine, and 53-degree flying Maotai is also on the list. " Liu Guihai, a partner of multipoint Dmall, said.

  The shelves of old products are often surrounded by customers, while some unfamiliar faces are often ignored.

  "It’s the same in our store. The new brand this year is not as good as the old brand." Zhao Pu, general manager of Super Species Beijing, told reporters frankly. "The new brand, you see and went away, very few people are willing to try, or choose the old brand more at ease. The same is true for fruits and vegetables. For example, the 17.5 orange of Nongfu Spring has been deeply loved by consumers in recent years, and the fruits of Happy Orchard have also sold well. "

  Turn your eyes to the southwest of China. Chengdu Century City Convention and Exhibition Center in Sichuan is crowded with people, and the Spring Festival shopping festival is in full swing, just like Sichuan red oil hot pot. On January 11th, the first Saturday after the launch, the sun was shining brightly, and more than 80,000 people poured into the Convention and Exhibition Center, making people overwhelmed with all kinds of exhibition halls.

  Pengzhou Jiuchi salted duck, Zigong cold rabbit, Jianmen native chicken, Jinhua ham, Dalian seafood, etc. The local products and old brands in Sichuan and all over the country are mouth watering, and the stable quality formed over the years has taken root in consumers’ hearts.

  Old brands keep up with the new marketing trend, which is also an important factor for the continued strength of products.

  "Ready, all the girls! Coming, the Great Wall is red! There are still 8,000 sets, 6,000 sets, and 1,000 sets left. Let’s go to the next one … …” In 12 seconds, a 6-bottle Great Wall Cabernet Dry Red was snapped up by fans in the live broadcast room in Li Jiaqi.

  With the continuous reduction of tariffs in China, domestic red wine is facing more intense competition. During the New Year Festival, Great Wall Wine achieved good sales results with the help of e-commerce live broadcast and online celebrity delivery.

  Precision marketing also contributed. Multi-point Dmall integrates online and offline through personalization and digitization, helping Wuhan Zhongbai Supermarket to increase the sales of Great Wall dry red wine by 1.4 times year-on-year.

  In the south where there is no heating, air conditioning has become a necessity for many families in winter. How can we win consumers in the fierce competition of the New Year Festival?

  The answer to the beautiful air conditioner is to use popular elements to match the folk culture of the year to arouse consumers’ good memories about the folk customs and tastes of the year.

  While launching the online activity of "Making a list for the hometown customs", Midea also launched several animated short films. In the animation "Song of the twelfth lunar month", "Twenty-three, candied melons stick … … Twenty-seven, buy beauty! … … Watch the Spring Festival Evening on the 30 th night, and the beautiful air conditioner will celebrate the New Year! " The cheerful soundtrack and the adapted lyrics make people laugh, and the marketing slogan of "Beautiful New Year Festival, Warm China Year" is kept in mind.

  Abandoning the single promotion discount and starting from the emotional needs of consumers, it is not only a new year’s promotion, but also a new attempt to build a brand by using interesting and heart-warming marketing methods to evoke people’s common memories of the new year’s customs.

  New elements, young people lead the trend.

  During the reunion of relatives and friends in the New Year, drinking is indispensable. Besides white wine, red wine, yellow wine and beer, what other choices are there?

  A "post-90 s" girl is tasting several colorful fruit wines in the super species store in Changying Tianjie. "The liquor is too strong, and the taste is very strong. After drinking it, the head is stunned, the fruit wine is lower, and the taste is richer. This booth has different choices such as lychee, green plum and peach, which is very suitable for girls to drink at parties."

  "Fanzui Flower Pavilion has not been promoted in Beijing for a long time, and the consumer market has not been fully opened, but it is more popular in the southern market." Salesman introduction.

  Generally speaking, fruit wine is still a new face in China. Xiao Liu and his wife, born after 1990s in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, created a fruit wine brand called "Buqiang", which specializes in hawthorn wine and plum wine. The output is not high, but they have accumulated a stable customer base. After several months of brewing, it will be listed in time for the coming of the Spring Festival.

  "The wine is seriously homogenized, and we want to bring some different flavors to young people who are pursuing new ideas." Xiao Liu told reporters.

  In addition to the online shopping festival created by e-commerce platforms such as "double 11" and "June 18th", the Spring Festival is another peak time for people to buy electronic products. Under the guidance of young people, electronic products have become an important category of new year’s goods. Especially in the past two years, mobile phone brands in China have risen collectively. In 2019, the construction progress of 5G signal base stations has been accelerated, and 5G mobile phones have become the new favorite on many young people’s shopping lists.

  In the recently hit TV series Joy of Life, Tian Yu, an actor who plays the role of Wang Qinian and whose popularity has soared, came to the offline store of Jingdong Home to live broadcast the goods as the "Star Store Manager". Many domestic brands such as OPPO, Glory and Xiaomi were popular among consumers.

  With the continuous enrichment of goods in 2008, the traditional new year’s goods have also been played with new tricks. Spring Festival couplets are a necessary new year’s goods for every household, but they always lack new ideas, such as "people are diligent in three spring mornings, the land is fertile and the grain is abundant", "good every year, step by step" and "post-90 s" and "post-00 s", which are unconventional, and write their unique expectations for life into the Spring Festival couplets: "Get rid of poverty without losing your hair, wear gold without wearing clothes", "Become beautiful and handsome, off the charts, and have money and leisure for promotion and salary increase". … Students, white-collar workers and programmers’ whimsy of "opening their brains wide" brings new ideas to the taste of the year, and a special customized Spring Festival couplets business is also emerging.

  Wang Wenjie, born in 1990s, opened an online shop in Taobao to write Spring Festival couplets. He can imitate a variety of fonts, including the round body that girls like and the running script that boys like. "Now is the peak season for writing Spring Festival couplets. Tmall New Year Festival has 100 orders every day, and at most it can write more than 300 pairs." Wang Wenjie said.

  Statistics show that in the 15 days before January 7th, 2.53 million people have searched for the keyword "Spring Festival couplets", and the sales volume of Spring Festival couplets has doubled compared with last year. The surge in sales volume of Spring Festival couplets is inseparable from young people’s demand for personalized Spring Festival couplets and customized Spring Festival couplets.

  New explosions, "send health" continues to heat up.

  Going home for the New Year, visiting the elderly and visiting relatives and friends can’t be empty-handed. Some people want to look good in packaging, but more and more people take health as their first choice.

  "If you give it to the elderly with insufficient qi and blood, I suggest you pair it with Radix Astragali and Radix Angelicae Sinensis. Young white-collar workers like you, who always stay up late and have poor sleep, should have some ginseng, dogwood, Schisandra and Ziziphus jujuba seeds. They can be paired with Poria, tangerine peel, yam and radix Pseudostellariae because they are sedentary and have heavy body moisture."

  In the store of Yuanding Farm in Tianjie, Changying, the salesman introduced several collocations to customers fluently, which aroused the interest of reporters.

  "Can I see your formula?"

  "There is no paper, it’s all here." The salesman pointed his finger at his head.

  "I have been here a few times and feel that the effect is not bad. Because work is too tired, exercise is less, I don’t avoid eating, and my lifestyle is not very healthy, so I often come here with a few prescriptions to soak in water to adjust my body. " Ms. Cheng, a white-collar worker who works nearby, told reporters, "It’s almost the New Year, so I’ll buy some for the elderly at home."

  Yuanding Farm, which originated in Shanghai, brings high-quality Chinese herbal medicines from Changbai Mountain to fast-paced modern cities and provides healthy choices for people to buy new year’s goods.

  Many high-end nourishing health products have also been included in the new year shopping list. According to the data of JD.COM Big Data Research Institute, the turnover of bird’s nest, donkey-hide gelatin and ganoderma lucidum spore powder increased by 263%, 122% and 71% respectively this year. Time-honored domestic products have become the explosion of new year’s goods, and the turnover of Dong ‘e Ejiao 250g has increased nearly 15 times in the same period.

  Tea is also a healthy and error-prone gift.

  The reporter turned over the sales record of a tea shop in Longtian Street Shopping Center. Black tea such as Zhengshan Xiaozhong and Jin Junmei and oolong tea such as Dahongpao and Anxi Tieguanyin became the most popular varieties these days, while the sales of green tea such as Biluochun and Longjing were much less.

  "Black tea warms the body and nourishes the stomach, which is suitable for drinking in winter. During the Chinese New Year, people eat a lot of big fish and meat, and there is overnutrition. Oolong has a good effect of removing oil and getting tired. " The salesperson explained.

  Paying attention to healthy consumption is a common tendency of consumers of all ages.

  "3, 2, 1, the link! … … No, can I add it? " In the live broadcast room of Li Jiaqi’s New Year Festival, which mainly focuses on "post-90s" and "post-00s", nearly 6,000 yuan massage chairs were sold out in a few seconds. Statistics from JD.COM show that the sales of massagers and massage chairs increased by nearly 200% year-on-year. Middle-aged people prefer cervical vertebra instruments, and the number of buyers increases the fastest, reaching 72% and 61% respectively.

  In addition to health care, what should I do if I have a headache, brain fever, cold and fever during the Chinese New Year? I don’t want to go out, and the hospital is overcrowded. "The child told me that I can consult an expert with Ali Health App and buy medicine online and deliver it directly to my home." Ms. Zheng, a Beijing citizen, said.

  Ali Health launched Internet medical care, minor illness consultation, chronic disease follow-up, prescription online circulation, medical insurance online payment, drug delivery to the home, and the whole process of online medical treatment and drug purchase experience, which can be called "one time without running".

  Parents’ well-being is a child’s greatest wish. Going home during the Spring Festival, buying a "parents’ physical examination card", accompanying the elderly to do a comprehensive physical examination, and checking physical hazards have become an important way for the younger generation to show filial piety. In addition, anti-aging, oral health, hair planting, Ali Health also launched a variety of tangible goods and services to meet the demands of different groups, so that health and beauty can accompany the New Year.

  The most beautiful thing in the world is reunion. The consumption trend is changing, and the taste of the year will be constantly innovative. However, the Chinese New Year carries people’s hopes and expectations for a better life, and Chinese’s deep-seated cultural genes and common memories have not changed. Only by seizing this opportunity can domestic brands occupy a favorable position in the Spring Festival consumer market.

Notice of the General Office of Beijing Municipal People’s Government on Printing and Distributing the Measures of Beijing Municipality to Support College Graduates’ Employment and Entrepreneurship

Beijing Zhengban Fa [2022] No.20

District People’s governments, municipal government commissions, offices and bureaus, and municipal institutions:

  "Several measures of Beijing to support the employment and entrepreneurship of college graduates" have been approved by the municipal government and are hereby issued to you, please implement them carefully.

General Office of Beijing Municipal People’s Government    

June 21, 2022  

  (This piece is publicly released)

Some measure to support college graduates’ employment and entrepreneurship in Beij

  In order to implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on doing a good job in the employment and entrepreneurship of college graduates, implement the requirements of the Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Further Supporting College Students’ Innovation and Entrepreneurship (Guo Ban Fa [2021] No.35) and the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Further Improving the Employment and Entrepreneurship of College Graduates and Other Youth (Guo Ban Fa [2022] No.13), do a good job in the employment and entrepreneurship of college graduates and other young people at present and in the future, and help the high-quality development of the capital.

  First, broaden employment channels

  (1) Increase the supply of posts. This year and next, the government agencies, institutions and state-owned enterprises in this city will continue to stabilize the scale of recruiting (recording) college graduates. Encourage private enterprises with head technology to expand the scale of recruitment, and give key support in the introduction of graduates and employment services. Employers recruit college graduates in this city within the graduation year, and those who meet the requirements will be given social insurance subsidies. For small and medium-sized enterprises that have absorbed a certain number of college graduates and meet the relevant conditions, they should be inclined when arranging relief funds and providing discount loans for technological transformation; Smooth the evaluation channels of professional titles of professional and technical personnel in small and medium-sized enterprises, and implement the application for scientific research funds and the declaration of scientific research results, which are treated equally with similar personnel in state-owned enterprises and institutions. Improve the proportion of college graduates joining the army, and do a good job in ensuring the education and employment of retired college students. As a research assistant (including teaching and administration) of college graduates, the first service agreement expires and passed the examination, with reference to the status of fresh graduates to participate in the recruitment of enterprises and institutions in this city. Candidates who are affected by the extension of the interview of the teacher qualification examination for primary and secondary schools (including kindergartens and secondary vocational schools) in the first half of 2022 in this city can implement the phased measures of "taking the post first and then conducting textual research" before December 31, 2022. (Municipal Party Committee Organization Department, Municipal Education Commission, Zhongguancun Management Committee of Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Bureau of Economic and Information Technology, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Municipal Health and Wellness Commission, Municipal Bureau of Veterans Affairs, Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Municipal Conscription Office, and district governments are responsible according to the division of responsibilities) (District governments in the responsible units of this notice,Including the Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee, no longer listed separately)

  (2) Guide grassroots employment. Serve the rural revitalization strategy and grassroots governance, continue to do a good job in the special recruitment of rural teachers and rural revitalization assistants, and tap employment opportunities such as social security, medical and health care, old-age services, social work, and judicial assistance of procuratorates and courts. Community workers, rural revitalization assistants in ecological conservation areas, and nursing posts in community health service centers can apply for college (including higher vocational education). Vacant posts for community workers give priority to recruiting college graduates. College graduates who enter the city’s pension service institutions to engage in full-time pension services will enjoy a one-time entry reward if they meet the requirements. For college graduates who are employed in grassroots units in remote mountainous areas of this city, tuition compensation or national student loan compensation shall be given according to regulations. (The Municipal Procuratorate, the Municipal High Court, the Municipal Education Commission, the Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau, the Municipal Finance Bureau, the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, the Municipal Health and Wellness Commission, and the district governments are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

  (3) Support flexible employment. Encourage college graduates to work flexibly in the fields of digital economy and platform economy. College graduates in this city who are employed flexibly for the first time within 2 years after graduation in 2020 may apply for social insurance subsidies for flexible employment for no more than 3 years. (Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, district governments, etc. are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

  Second, promote innovation and entrepreneurship

  (4) Expanding financing channels. Beijing Science and Technology Innovation Fund organizes sub-funds to strengthen the docking with college students’ innovation and entrepreneurship projects, and guide social capital to participate in the early investment and intelligence investment of college students’ entrepreneurship projects. Eligible college graduates can apply for a personal business guarantee loan with a maximum of 500,000 yuan or a small and micro enterprise business guarantee loan with a maximum of 3 million yuan; For loans below 500,000 yuan, counter-guarantee measures are exempted in principle, and the interest generated below LPR-150BP (the quoted interest rate in the loan market minus 1.5 percentage points) shall be borne by the borrower and the borrowing enterprise, and the rest shall be subsidized by the finance. Enterprises or individual industrial and commercial households founded by college graduates in this city for the first time in the graduation year and within 2 years after graduation can apply for a one-time business start-up subsidy if they meet the requirements. Relying on the Growth Enterprise Market of college students to connect with venture capital funds, banks, guarantee companies and other institutions to solve the problem of venture capital financing. (The Business Management Department of the People’s Bank of China, the Municipal Education Commission, the Zhongguancun Management Committee of the Municipal Science and Technology Commission, the Municipal Finance Bureau, the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, the Municipal Financial Supervision Bureau, and the district governments are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

  (5) Providing site support. Strengthen the construction of the incubation system of "one street, four parks and multiple points" college students’ pioneer park, and provide free venue support for college graduates in Beijing within 2 years of graduation for no more than 3 years. About 30% of the places for entrepreneurial carriers such as incubation bases invested and developed by the government are provided to college graduates free of charge. Each district can give a venue rental subsidy to college graduates who rent entrepreneurial venues for the first time. (The Municipal Education Commission, the Zhongguancun Administrative Committee of the Municipal Science and Technology Commission, the Municipal Finance Bureau, the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, the Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, and the district governments are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

  (6) Improve the incentive mechanism. We will promote the improvement of flexible academic system management and methods for identifying entrepreneurial achievements in colleges and universities, and allow college students to drop out of school to start businesses, and the teaching courses such as innovative entrepreneurial practice and internship training that meet the requirements of entrepreneurial experience and entrepreneurial achievements are exempted and included in credits according to regulations. Encourage the awards of national and municipal innovation and entrepreneurship competitions as a reference for promoting Excellence and exemption. Encourage colleges and universities to allow the founders or main founders of entrepreneurial organizations to apply for graduation or degree with the entrepreneurial achievements related to their own majors as graduation thesis (design). The core members of high-quality college graduates’ entrepreneurial enterprises recommended by the municipal college students’ pioneer park, the municipal entrepreneurship incubation demonstration base and the college students’ growth enterprise market can apply for a work residence permit if they meet the conditions; Entrepreneurial enterprises have achieved remarkable results or promoted employment. If the promoters or main founders meet the requirements for the introduction of graduates, they may apply for the introduction. Start the pilot project of affordable rental housing for college graduates in Beijing during the graduation year. (The Municipal Talent Bureau, the Municipal Education Commission, the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, the Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee, the Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, the Communist Youth League Committee, and the district governments are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

  Third, improve the ability and quality

  (7) Strengthen employment guidance. Improve the curriculum system of employment guidance in colleges and universities, and select a number of municipal employment guidance "golden courses" and career guidance teacher studios. Organize human resources service organizations, enterprise human resources managers, etc., and go deep into the campus for policy preaching, experience sharing and practical guidance. (The Municipal Education Commission, the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, the district governments, etc. are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

  (8) Organizing vocational training. Guide vocational colleges and application-oriented undergraduate colleges to cooperate with enterprises and vocational training institutions to carry out order-based training, orientation training and post-creation training. Encourage college graduates in Beijing to participate in free vocational skills training and entrepreneurship training. For the vocational qualification examination or vocational skill level examination that requires academic degree certificate as the application condition, candidates are allowed to take part in the examination evaluation first. If they pass the examination evaluation, the vocational qualification certificate or vocational skill level certificate will be issued after obtaining the relevant academic degree certificate. College graduates in this city will participate in the new apprenticeship training organized by enterprises within the graduation year newly hired by enterprises, and will be given training subsidies according to regulations. (Municipal Education Commission, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, district governments, etc. are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

  (9) Strengthen practical exercise. Build a number of college graduates’ workplace experience bases to realize the sharing of internship resources. Promote the recruitment plan for employment trainee posts, support enterprises and institutions, social organizations, government investment projects, scientific research projects, etc. to set up trainee posts, and eligible applicants can apply for employment trainee subsidies. The probation unit that has signed a labor contract with the trainee before the probation period expires will be given the probation subsidy for the remaining period, and this policy will continue until December 31, 2022. Unemployed college graduates who leave school to participate in internships at grassroots internship bases or participate in project research at enterprises and institutions shall be regarded as grassroots work experience, counting from the date of registration. Build a sharing platform for school-enterprise practical training, and promote colleges and universities to carry out skills upgrading practical training with state-owned enterprises and private enterprises with high technology. (Municipal Party Committee Organization Department, Municipal Education Commission, Zhongguancun Management Committee of Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Finance Bureau, Civil Affairs Bureau, Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, district governments, etc. are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

  Fourth, the implementation of key assistance

  (ten) to carry out employment assistance. Take college graduates from low-income families, zero-employment families, families enjoying regular pensions and subsidies and disabled college graduates in this city as key employment assistance targets, establish a school-land linkage assistance mechanism, implement "one person, one file" and "one policy for life" to provide at least 3-5 employment opportunities for each person, and give priority to organizing vocational training and employment internships. For those who are really difficult to find employment through market channels, they can rely on public welfare posts according to their personal wishes. To meet the requirements of college graduates in Beijing, each person will be given a one-time job-seeking and entrepreneurship subsidy in 1000 yuan. Implement the "Central Special Lottery Public Welfare Fund Hongzhi Navigation Aid Plan" and carry out employment ability training. In accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, the implementation of national student loans to postpone repayment, interest relief and other support measures, during the extension period, no compound interest, no penalty interest, not as overdue records submitted. Implement the Communist Youth League’s action to promote college students’ employment, and carry out employment pairing assistance for key group graduates. Strengthen youth employment assistance, allow previous college graduates, graduates returning from studying abroad and unemployed youth to apply for job registration and unemployment registration, provide equal basic public employment services, and implement employment and entrepreneurship support policies in accordance with regulations. In-depth implementation of the youth employment sailing plan, carry out accurate assistance, and guide them to find employment and start businesses as soon as possible.(Business Management Department of the People’s Bank of China, Beijing Banking Insurance Regulatory Bureau, Municipal Education Commission, Civil Affairs Bureau, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Veterans Affairs, Communist Youth League Committee, Municipal Disabled Persons’ Federation, district governments, etc. are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

  (eleven) to promote entrepreneurship assistance. Provide employment assistance to college graduates who fail to start their own businesses; Those who are willing to work for entrepreneurial failure actively recommend jobs. Each district, in combination with the actual situation in this district, will provide entrepreneurial subsidies to those who have the conditions for starting a second business; Those who meet the conditions of social assistance should be given social assistance. (The Municipal Education Commission, the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, the district governments, etc. are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

  V. Improving service efficiency

  (12) Simplify employment procedures. We will implement the reform of the employment registration card system for college graduates. From 2023, we will no longer issue the Employment Registration Card for College Graduates and the Employment Registration Card for Graduate Graduates (hereinafter referred to as the Employment Registration Card), cancel the procedures for re-issuing and reassigning the Employment Registration Card, and no longer use the Employment Registration Card as a necessary material for handling the recruitment, employment, settlement, file reception and transfer of college graduates. Colleges and universities should promptly put the graduate registration form, transcripts and other materials into student files and forward them in an orderly manner in accordance with relevant regulations. Actively carry out archives policy propaganda, and dynamically update and publish the directory of public employment service institutions in various districts to facilitate the inquiry of universities and graduates. Promote online signing and implement mutual recognition of the results of on-the-job physical examination. Integration of real-name services, job recruitment, employment internships and other matters "packaged", the implementation of college graduates to start a business to start a market entity "one network to run." (Municipal Party Committee Organization Department, Beijing Municipal Taxation Bureau, Municipal Postal Administration, Municipal Education Commission, Municipal Economic and Information Bureau, Municipal Public Security Bureau, Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Municipal Health and Wellness Commission, Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, Municipal Government Affairs Service Bureau, Municipal Housing Provident Fund Management Center, and district governments are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

  (13) Improve the service system. Promote education, human resources and social security, state-owned assets and other public employment recruitment platforms and the sharing of recruitment information on university campus networks. In-depth development of "public employment services into the campus" activities, comprehensive use of online and offline channels to ensure that graduates’ employment services are continuous. Enterprises and institutions in this city can arrange recruitment time reasonably according to the impact of the epidemic and the employment needs of college graduates, and encourage online written tests and interviews. We will continue to promote the real-name service for unemployed college graduates who have left school, and establish contact with graduates who are willing to work through means such as data sharing, telephone inquiry, and grassroots arrangement, and provide free vocational guidance, three job recommendations, and one vocational training or employment internship opportunity for each person. Create a "government+university+park+market" full chain entrepreneurial service model, give full play to the resource advantages of Zhongguancun National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone, and provide accelerated incubation services for outstanding college graduates’ entrepreneurial projects. Support professional forces such as operating human resources service institutions and social organizations to participate in employment services for college graduates. (The Municipal Education Commission, the Zhongguancun Administrative Committee of the Municipal Science and Technology Commission, the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, the Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, and the district governments are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

  Sixth, strengthen organizational guarantee

  (14) Pay close attention to team building. Adhere to the employment and education, colleges and universities are equipped with strong employment guidance teachers according to a certain proportion, and qualified employment guidance teachers can participate in the evaluation of relevant professional titles. The employment departments in each district arrange a certain proportion of staff to be fully responsible for the employment and entrepreneurship of college graduates. Regularly carry out business study and training exchanges to improve the professional level of the employment and entrepreneurship work team. In the commendation of advanced collectives and individuals in the city’s employment and entrepreneurship work, we will increase the commendation of college graduates’ employment and entrepreneurship work and give play to the leading role of advanced models. (The Municipal Education Commission, the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, the district governments, etc. are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

  (fifteen) to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests. Strengthen the comprehensive law enforcement and supervision of employers and human resources service institutions, investigate and deal with illegal job introduction, false recruitment, resume sales, employment discrimination and illegal credit in the name of job hunting, training, employment and entrepreneurship, and protect the employment rights and interests of college graduates according to law. (The Municipal Education Commission, the Municipal Public Security Bureau, the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, the Municipal Financial Supervision Bureau, the Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, the district governments, etc. are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

  (sixteen) extensive publicity and guidance. Vigorously publicize the employment and entrepreneurship policy and promote college graduates to make full use of various measures. Tell the typical stories of college graduates going to grass-roots communities and producing first-line employment and entrepreneurship, and carry out study and publicity activities such as "the most beautiful grass-roots college graduates", "typical figures of graduates’ employment and entrepreneurship", "excellent retired college students’ soldiers" and "typical cases of school employment and entrepreneurship", so as to guide college graduates to establish correct views on job selection, employment and success, and create a good atmosphere for the whole society to support college graduates’ employment and entrepreneurship. (The Propaganda Department of the Municipal Party Committee, the Municipal Education Commission, the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, the Municipal Bureau of Veterans Affairs, the Municipal Conscription Office, the Communist Youth League Committee and the district governments are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

National Health and Wellness Commission: The vaccination rate of the national immunization program for school-age children in China has remained above 90%

  On June 17th, the National Health and Wellness Commission held a press conference to introduce the progress and effectiveness of the prevention and control of major diseases since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

  Wu Liangyou, deputy director of the CDC of the National Health and Wellness Commission, said that immunization planning is one of the most significant and influential tasks in China’s health undertakings. China implements the immunization program system, and the government provides free immunization program vaccines to residents.At present, the national immunization program vaccine can prevent 15 kinds of infectious diseases, covering 0-mdash; 6-year-old children,It fully embodies the attention and care of the party and the government for people’s lives and health. The implementation of immunization planning policy has played an important role in reducing the incidence of infectious diseases and protecting people’s health and life safety. The concept of "vaccination to ensure health" has been deeply rooted in people’s hearts. Through years of efforts, China’s immunization program has achieved remarkable results, and infectious diseases that can be prevented by multiple vaccines have fallen to the lowest level in history.

  First, the government attaches great importance to it, and the security continues to increase.At present, the central financial input has exceeded 4 billion yuan. Since 2012, funds have been allocated for special work such as epidemic emergency response, cold chain construction and monitoring capacity improvement.

  The second is to improve laws and regulations and implement immunization programs according to law.In 2019, the world’s first "Vaccine Management Law" was promulgated, and a series of documents were formulated and revised, such as the "Code of Practice for Vaccination", to comprehensively build a vaccine and vaccination management system.

  The third is to improve the system and improve the service capacity.Improve the national, provincial, municipal and county-level immunization program monitoring management system and the county, township and village-level vaccination service network.At present, the vaccination rate of school-age children in the national immunization program has remained above 90%.

  The fourth is to strengthen monitoring, and the quality of work has been significantly improved.Realize the docking and data exchange between the national immunization planning information system platform and the provincial immunization planning information system platform. Realize the docking of provincial immunization planning information systems with the national vaccine traceability collaborative platform.

  Fifth, scientific prevention and control, disease control has achieved remarkable results.Since 2000, China has remained polio-free. In 2014, China achieved the goal of hepatitis B control in the Western Pacific Region of the World Health Organization ahead of schedule. In 2012, China achieved the goal of eliminating neonatal tetanus. At present, the number of vaccines that can prevent infectious diseases has dropped to the lowest level in history.

  (CCTV reporter Long Xiaoqin Kong Luyuan)

In the field of hope | 64,000 mu of corn seed production in Manas, Xinjiang has a comprehensive harvest.

CCTV News:At present, 64,000 mu of seed corn in Manas County, Xinjiang is maturing one after another, and the local area is organizing large-scale machinery to carry out harvesting work, with a comprehensive mechanization rate of over 98%. What’s the difference between seed corn and common corn? Let’s watch the report sent back by the reporter from the reception desk.

Headquarters reporter trust:This is Gankazitan Township in Manas County. Unlike the corn that is usually bought from the market, the seed corn is specially used for making seeds. Let’s open one and have a look. The seed corn is full and golden, and every corn seed can grow very good corn. However, corn seeds need to be hybridized every year, because corn is a monoecious plant with different flowers. If the same corn pollinates itself, the quality of the fruit will not be good. Therefore, it is necessary to plant a male parent every five or six rows to pollinate the surrounding female flowers.

This year, Manas County has planted more than 60,000 mu of seed corn, which is being harvested one after another. Now, we see that these harvesters in the field are specially tailored corn harvesters for seed production. It can harvest, peel and crush straws at the same time. On average, one machine can harvest 120 mu of land a day, which is equivalent to the labor of more than 100 people in the past, and its cost is lower, only one-third of that of manual labor in the past.

After harvesting, all these corns will be transported to nearby seed production enterprises for threshing and drying. This corn in the field can’t be pinched now, and it is very dry, but its water content is still about 27.8%, so it needs to be dried to reduce its water content to 13%, so that the corn seeds come out with higher germination rate and better quality. High-quality seed corn is not sold by weight, but by grain. A grain of excellent seed corn on the market can be sold for ten cents. Therefore, seed production of corn can not only improve farmers’ income, but also let us firmly hold the seeds in our own hands to ensure food security.