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Notice of Beijing Municipal Bureau of Civil Affairs, Beijing Municipal Bureau of Finance, Beijing Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security, Beijing Municipal Health and Wellness Committ

Jingmin Pension Fa [2019] No.160

District Civil Affairs Bureau, Finance Bureau, Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Health and Wellness Committee, Veterans Affairs Bureau, Medical Insurance Bureau and Disabled Persons’ Federation:

  The measures for the implementation of subsidies for the elderly in Beijing are hereby printed and distributed to you, please implement them carefully.

Beijing Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau

beijing finance bureau

Beijing Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security

Beijing Municipal Health and Wellness Committee

Beijing retired military affairs bureau

Beijing Municipal Medical Security Bureau

Beijing Disabled Persons’ Federation

September 30, 2019

Measures for the implementation of Beijing Municipality on the administration of subsidies for the aged care services

  According to the Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Promoting the Development of Aged Care Services (Guo Ban Fa [2019] No.5), the Notice on Printing and Distributing the Plan for Promoting Equalization of Basic Public Services in the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan (Guo Fa [2017] No.9) and the Opinions on Formulating and Implementing Care Services for the Elderly (Guo Ban Fa [2017] No.52), And the spirit of laws, regulations and policy documents such as the Notice of the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and the National Office for Ageing on Establishing and Perfecting the Subsidy System for the Elderly with Financial Difficulties (Caishe [2014] No.113), the Regulations on Home Care Services in Beijing, and the Implementation Opinions on Strengthening Care Services for the Elderly and Perfecting the Pension System (Beijing Zhengban Fa [2018] No.41), to improve the subsidy system for the elderly.

  I. General requirements

  (A) the guiding ideology

  Guided by Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, we will firmly establish the people-centered development concept, adhere to the concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and shared development, take the needs of the elderly as the guide, aim at promoting the construction of the old-age service system in the first good area and improving the care service level for the elderly, ensure the basic old-age service needs of the elderly, and promote the resolution of the contradiction between the people’s growing needs for a better life and the unbalanced development, so that the elderly can have a sense of gain, happiness and security.

  (II) Objectives and tasks

  1 efforts to achieve the goal of elderly care services. Focusing on the implementation of the Party Central Committee’s requirements for strengthening elderly care services and the State Council’s regulations on comprehensively establishing a subsidy system for the economically disadvantaged, elderly and disabled elderly, we will deepen and refine specific policy measures and continuously improve the level of home care services for the elderly.

  2. Effectively alleviate the difficulties of life care for the elderly. Through policy creation, integration and convergence, we will help the elderly and their families with financial difficulties, disability and advanced age to improve their consumption and payment ability, promote the enjoyment of professional, professional and diversified care services, and effectively reduce the burden of home-based care.

  3. Promote the formation of a diversified capital investment pattern. Guided by the demand and effective supply of the elderly, we will give play to the guidance and demonstration effect of financial funds, adjust and change the way of government service supply, further establish and improve the subsidy system for old-age services that is tilted towards the economically disadvantaged, disabled and elderly, and deepen the construction of the old-age service system in this city.

  4. Better reflect the concept of fair and sustainable development. Strengthen the structural reform of the supply side of old-age care services, promote the docking of professional service supply and realistic and effective demand, provide stable guarantee through the scientific subsidy system for old-age care services, realize the fairness and efficiency balance of public financial investment, and make subsidies more targeted and effective.

  5. Promote the equalization of basic old-age public services. We will build a subsidy system for the elderly with wide coverage, rich connotation and close connection, effectively connect with the living allowance for the disabled with difficulties and the nursing allowance system for the severely disabled, and smoothly connect with the long-term care insurance system that is being piloted, so as to promote the continuous improvement of the security level of the old-age service and promote the equalization of basic old-age services.

  Second, the scope, object and standard of subsidies

  Subsidies for old-age care services for the elderly are paid to the elderly who have registered in this city and meet the corresponding conditions, including subsidies for old-age care for the elderly with difficulties, subsidies for nursing for the disabled elderly, and subsidies for the elderly.

  The specific subsidy targets, scope of use and standards are as follows:

  (1) Subsidies for old-age care services for the needy elderly. It is distributed to elderly people with difficulties such as low-income and family planning families, and is used for daily care and other living service subsidies.

  1. The elderly who enjoy the subsistence allowance (including those who receive subsidies for the living difficulties of urban residents in Beijing, the same below) are entitled to 300 yuan per person per month.

  2 low-income families do not enjoy the treatment of the elderly, the subsidy standard is 200 yuan per person per month.

  3. For the elderly who belong to the family planning special families in this city and do not meet the conditions in the preceding paragraph 1.2, the subsidy standard is 100 yuan per person per month.

  (2) Nursing subsidies for the disabled elderly. It is paid to the elderly who are severely disabled or have corresponding disability certificates for long-term care subsidies caused by lack of self-care ability, including but not limited to purchasing care services such as care support, care services and nursing services. The pilot area of long-term care insurance should do a good job in coordinating the nursing subsidy for the disabled elderly and the long-term care insurance service mechanism, so that professional nursing services can better benefit the disabled elderly and their families. All districts should speed up the improvement of the old-age service system, debit the nursing subsidies to the accounts of the elderly, use the service payment method to care for the consumption within the service scope, and allow it to be used for the purchase of nursing supplies and other consumption expenses, so as to ensure that the service needs of the elderly with multiple personalities, convenient payment and professional care can be effectively met. In principle, the accounts do not support cash withdrawal, irregular clearing, and no limited regional consumption within the administrative area of Beijing, and the exceptions in the implementation will be notified separately.

  1. The elderly who are severely disabled by comprehensive assessment of their abilities, the elderly with visual, physical, intellectual and mental disabilities with disability grade I, and the elderly with multiple disabilities with intellectual and mental disabilities with disability grade II, the subsidy standard is 600 yuan per person per month.

  2. For the elderly with visual and physical disabilities with disability grade II, and the elderly with intellectual and mental disabilities with disability grade II and III, the subsidy standard is 400 yuan per person per month.

  3. The subsidy standard for the elderly with hearing and speech disabilities with disability grade I and II is 200 yuan per person per month.

  (3) allowance for the elderly. It is distributed to the elderly aged 80 and above for the consumption of old-age services, especially life care and nursing services.

  1.80 to 89 years old, the allowance standard is 100 yuan per person per month;

  2.90 to 99 years old, the allowance standard is 500 yuan per person per month;

  3.100 years old and above, the allowance standard is 800 yuan per person per month.

  Third, policy convergence

  1. Eligible elderly people can apply for pension service subsidies for the elderly with difficulties, nursing subsidies for the disabled elderly and allowances for the elderly.

  2. After the implementation of these measures, the subsidy system for the disabled at home for the severely disabled aged 60 to 79, the subsidy system for the elderly aged 80 and above, the old-age allowance system for the elderly aged 90 and above, and the subsidized medical care system for the elderly aged 95 and above in this city will cease to be implemented.

  3. The old-age service subsidies and nursing subsidies for the disabled elderly stipulated in the present Measures and the living subsidies and nursing subsidies stipulated in the Measures for the Implementation of Living Subsidies for the Disabled and Nursing Subsidies for the Severe Disabled in Beijing are not enjoyed repeatedly, and eligible elderly people can apply for one of them independently.

  4. Older people who meet the conditions of pension service subsidies for the elderly with difficulties and nursing subsidies for disabled elderly people, as well as welfare life subsidies (allowances) and nursing subsidies (allowances) such as disability and retirement on business can choose to apply for one of the service subsidies, living subsidies (allowances) and nursing subsidies (allowances).

  5. The elderly who enjoy the nursing subsidy for the disabled and the nursing fee for the educated youth who are disabled on duty do not enjoy the nursing subsidy for the disabled elderly, but can enjoy the subsidy for the aged care service for the elderly with difficulties. The elderly who enjoy the "Implementation Measures of Beijing Municipality on Subsidies for Social Welfare Institutions for Difficult Family Service Clients" do not enjoy the nursing subsidies for the disabled elderly. Those who meet the conditions may apply for subsidies for the elderly with difficulties.

  6. The elderly who receive work-related injury insurance and living care fees and are included in the support guarantee for the destitute do not enjoy the subsidy for the aged care service for the elderly with difficulties and the nursing subsidy for the disabled elderly.

  7 the provisions of this approach for the elderly pension service subsidies are not included in the urban and rural minimum living security family income.

  8. Relevant policies such as home care service and capacity assessment that have been formulated and implemented in each district, as well as the districts that have introduced the pilot scheme of long-term care insurance, shall be properly connected, gradually integrated and implemented as a whole according to the provisions of these Measures.

  9. The assessment mechanism and criteria for disability of the elderly involved in these Measures shall be implemented in accordance with the Implementation Measures for Comprehensive Assessment of the Ability of the Elderly in Beijing (Trial) (J.M.G.F. [2019] No.42).

  Iv. application procedures

  Adhere to the "efficiency orientation", promote the reform of service methods and optimize the service environment, so that data can run more and people can run less errands, "run at most once" and "only enter one door".

  (1) The elderly who meet the application conditions or their entrusted agents or guardians apply voluntarily. Applicants can log on to the Beijing Municipal Affairs Service Network, the official website of Beijing Civil Affairs Bureau or WeChat WeChat official account through smart phones, computers and other devices, enter their names and ID numbers and fill in the application; You can apply at the nearest service window of any street (township) in this city by presenting the original identity card or residence booklet; You can collect and fill in the Application Form for Allowance for Old-age Services in Beijing in the community (village) or street (township), and then submit it to the street (township) where the household registration is located for social assistance or the "one-door acceptance" window.

  For the convenience of applicants, for those who have not applied before October 25, 2019, the Beijing Social Welfare Integrated Management Platform (hereinafter referred to as the "Integrated Management Platform") will push the notice of granting subsidies for old-age services through the mobile phone numbers reserved by the elderly, and after confirming the reply, the integrated management platform will directly generate and distribute subsidies to the bank accounts held by the elderly.

  (two) the elderly who apply for disability care subsidies need to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the ability of the elderly. Among them, the elderly who are rated as severely disabled, the comprehensive management platform automatically generates and issues nursing subsidies.

  (3) All districts will comprehensively promote the whole process of online handling through the comprehensive management platform, and the whole city will dock the national unified information management system for aged care services through the comprehensive management platform. The basic information and electronic certificates of the elderly with minimum living allowance, low income, disability and family planning special families and those who have applied for and received comprehensive assessment of their abilities will be authenticated through the sharing of government information systems such as the comprehensive management platform, simplifying the acceptance and approval procedures and promoting paperless office. Support qualified areas to establish paperless application and follow-up audit procedures, and the materials to be handled shall be subject to online electronic files. The city’s application information is automatically assigned to the application window of the street (township) where the applicant’s household registration is located by the comprehensive management platform. The detailed policy implementation measures in each district should be disclosed to the public in a timely manner and let the elderly and their families know.

  (four) if the application conditions of the elderly who have enjoyed the old-age service subsidy change, the comprehensive management platform will automatically generate a new subsidy, or the applicant will re-apply.

  V. Audit

  (a) the streets (towns) to accept applications through the comprehensive management platform, or on-site confirmation of the application materials, the information will be collected into the Beijing old-age care service subsidy management system of the comprehensive management platform; In principle, the department in charge of civil affairs will be transferred to the street (township) on the day of receiving, and it will be transferred from the system to the District Civil Affairs Bureau after preliminary examination. Before the 20th of each month, all the streets (towns) will submit the data of people who have objections to the District Civil Affairs Bureau.

  (two) the District Civil Affairs Bureau shall make an examination and approval opinion before the 25th of each month. If the examination and approval is unqualified, put forward opinions and inform the parties in writing through the street (township) acceptance window, explain the reasons, relief channels and time limit, and file the application materials electronically and keep them properly; Those who pass the examination and approval shall be reported to the District Finance Bureau for disbursement of funds.

  VI. Distribution

  Subsidies and allowances for old-age care services for the elderly are paid on a monthly basis. Those who pass the examination and approval will be paid in the month when they submit their applications, and subsidies and allowances will be paid next month before the end of each month.

  Since the date of implementation, if the application is delayed for more than half a year due to the applicant himself or other reasons, it will be counted from the month when the application is submitted. If the application time is delayed within 6 months, it shall be counted and distributed from the eligible month after the application is submitted according to regulations.

  All departments use the comprehensive management platform to complete business processes such as application acceptance and treatment approval. After capital accounting, they will transfer money to financial institutions through the civil administration funds unified supervision information platform and deposit it in the bank card financial account confirmed by the applicant at the time of application.

  When applying, the applicant can use one of the existing "Beijing Tong-Pension Card for the Disabled", "Beijing Tong-Civil Affairs Card", "Beijing Tong-Disabled Service Card", special family support card for the elderly, "Beijing Tong-Third Generation Social Security Card" and military security card as an account for the payment of pension service subsidies.

  Among them, the old-age allowance for the elderly aged 80-89 years old who hold the "Beijing Tong-Pension Card for the Disabled" as the payment account shall be implemented according to the original payment method and channel of home-based care service subsidies, and the nursing allowance shall not be withdrawn.

  VII. Review

  (a) the review of the old-age service subsidies for the elderly shall be regularly reviewed by the District Civil Affairs Bureau through the comprehensive management platform, at least once every quarter; Or by individuals to declare their own review.

  (II) Under any of the following circumstances, each street (township) or district civil affairs bureau will directly implement it from the next month when the subsidy conditions change according to the automatic early warning information of the comprehensive management platform, or after checking with the applicant/guardian, without the need for the applicant to provide materials:

  1. The disability category and disability level of the elderly have changed;

  2. The economic or family situation has changed, which does not meet the conditions for the elderly in special families with subsistence allowances, low income and family planning;

  3. The household registration moves out of this city;

  4. Dead or declared missing by the people’s court;

  5. Those who violate the law and commit crimes and are executing the imprisonment penalty;

  6. Those who fail to pass the review.

  If the subsidy fund is increased, decreased or stopped due to the change of the applicant’s personal situation, the comprehensive management platform will actively send information to the applicant to ensure the applicant’s right to know.

  Eight, household registration migration

  The transfer-out place will stop issuing subsidies for the elderly pension service from the month after the transfer formalities, and the transfer-in place will be issued from the month when the transfer-out place stops issuing (the integrated management platform will automatically push the transfer information to the applicant’s reserved mobile phone).

  IX. Financial Guarantee

  (a) the funds needed for the old-age service subsidies shall be included in the annual district-level budget arrangement by the financial burden of the district where the old-age household registration is located, and can actively attract social charity, donation funds and other support.

  (II) In order to alleviate the pressure of raising financial funds in each district, the Municipal Finance Bureau will give the municipal fixed special transfer payment support on an annual basis according to the data of the elderly population in each district released by the Municipal Bureau of Statistics, the Municipal Health and Health Commission and the Municipal Disabled Persons’ Federation in the previous year, in which the nursing allowance for the disabled elderly is 100 yuan per person per month, the old age allowance is 100 yuan, who is 80-89 years old, 200 yuan, who is 90-99 years old, and 300 yuan, who is over 100 years old. It is managed and used in accordance with the Notice of the Municipal Finance Bureau, the Civil Affairs Bureau, the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, and the Municipal Disabled Persons’ Federation on Printing and Distributing the Administrative Measures for Special Transfer Payment Funds for Social Security and Employment in Beijing (J.C.S. [2018] No.323).

  (three) the city-wide standard and the city-to-district subsidy standard for the elderly pension service subsidies will be adjusted by the Civil Affairs Bureau in conjunction with relevant departments in a timely manner according to the changes in the economic and social development of this Municipality and the income level of residents.

  X. Management and Supervision

  (1) The Civil Affairs Bureau is responsible for establishing a unified working system and management information system for the elderly pension service subsidies, service management and disability assessment in the city, guiding all districts to carry out subsidies, organizing services and other related work, and taking the lead in promoting the working mechanism of interconnection and sharing of relevant information among government departments. The Municipal Finance Bureau is responsible for guiding all districts to do a good job in the budget and guarantee of subsidies for the elderly pension services. The Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau is responsible for guiding the street (township) social security offices in the relevant areas to do a good job in accepting and transferring applications. The Municipal Health and Wellness Commission is responsible for the information services related to the elderly in family planning special families, as well as the maintenance and protection of the rights and interests of the elderly. The Municipal Bureau of Veterans Affairs is responsible for coordinating and coordinating the implementation of the relevant living security benefits for retired soldiers. The Municipal Medical Insurance Bureau is responsible for the pilot guidance and convergence of the long-term care insurance system. City Disabled Persons’ Federation is responsible for the examination, issuance, management and protection of the rights and interests of the disabled for the elderly to apply for disability certificates.

  (two) the Civil Affairs Bureau in conjunction with the relevant departments to co-ordinate and guide the policy propaganda work, and create a good atmosphere of public opinion. The civil affairs bureaus of all districts jointly deploy and implement the propaganda work in this district with relevant departments, and earnestly do a good job in policy notification; All streets (towns and villages) should adopt flexible and diverse forms to publicize and interpret the subsidy system for old-age care services, so that the elderly and their families can fully understand the policy content, application process and implementation norms.

  (three) the elderly pension service subsidies agencies should adhere to the principles of openness, fairness and impartiality, and strictly examine and handle them; Civil affairs departments at all levels shall manage and monitor the implementation of the subsidy system; Relevant departments and institutions should take the initiative to accept the inspection and social supervision of the financial and auditing departments.

  (4) If it is verified that there is graft or false report, false claim, false claim, interception, misappropriation, fraud or spamming of subsidy funds, the District Civil Affairs Bureau shall immediately carry out investigation, collect evidence, interview the parties concerned, and order them to return the subsidies that were wrongly claimed or falsely claimed. If the amount is large and suspected of committing a crime, it shall be transferred to judicial organs for handling according to law, and the administrative and legal responsibilities of the relevant personnel shall be investigated, and all the subsidy funds for "illegal income" shall be recovered.

  (5) Civil affairs, finance and other departments at all levels and their staff who distribute funds in violation of regulations, or distribute and distribute funds to unqualified units (or individuals), abuse their powers, neglect their duties, engage in malpractices for selfish ends in the whole process of the allocation, review, disbursement, use and supervision of funds for the elderly pension service subsidies shall be punished in accordance with the Budget Law, the Civil Service Law, the Supervision Law and the Financial Violations. Suspected of a crime, promptly transferred to judicial organs.

  XI. Supplementary Provisions

  (1) If there is any inconsistency with the provisions of these Measures, these Measures shall prevail.

  (two) after the implementation of these measures, Measures for the Payment of Allowances for the Elderly in Beijing (Jing Lao Ban Fa [2008] No.12), Measures for the Subsidy of Old-age Services for Special Elderly in Beijing (Trial) (Jing Min Fu Fa [2008] No.335), and Opinions on Implementing the "Nine-support Measures" for Home-based Care (Helping the Disabled) Services for Beijing Citizens (Jing Min Lao Fa [2008]) Notice on Implementing the Subsidized Medical Care System for the Elderly Aged 95 and Over (J.M.G.F. [2011] No.149), Measures for the Administration of Pension Card for the Disabled in Beijing (for Trial Implementation) (J.M.G.F. [2014] No.459) and Measures for the Administration of Pension Service Units for the Disabled in Beijing (for Trial Implementation) (J.M.G.F. [2014] No.460) Notice on related service matters in home care service for the elderly and disabled with financial difficulties (J.M.R.F. [2015] No.477), Measures for Evaluating the Ability of the Elderly in the Pilot Area of Home Care Service for the Elderly and Disabled with Financial Difficulties (J.M.R.F. [2015] No.478), Administrative Measures for Stopping and Recovering Home Care Service Subsidies in Beijing (J.M.R.F. [2016] Relevant documents, such as the Notice on Centralized Recovery of Subsidies for Home-based Care Services by Misleading or Taking the Initiative (J.M.G.F. [2016] No.357) and the Administrative Measures of Beijing Tong-Pension Card for the Disabled (for Trial Implementation) (J.M.G.F. [2016] No.431), shall be abolished.

  (three) the Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau is responsible for the specific interpretation of these measures.

  (4) These Measures shall come into force as of October 1, 2019, and the first subsidy funds shall be paid before the end of November.

  Attachment: 1. Application Form for Allowance for Old-age Services in Beijing (omitted)

     2 Beijing old-age service subsidies audit table (omitted)

     3 Beijing old-age care service subsidy transfer form (omitted)

     4. Summary table on the payment of subsidies for the aged care service for the elderly in Beijing (omitted)

     5. Summary table on the distribution of nursing subsidies for the disabled elderly in Beijing (omitted)

     6. Summary of the payment of old age allowance for the elderly in Beijing (omitted)

National Health Commission: Since the implementation of the national regional medical center construction project, more than 1,400 diagnosis and treatment technologies have been translated to the impo

  CCTV News:On April 13th, National Health Commission held a press conference on the expansion and sinking of high-quality medical resources and the balanced distribution of regions. Da-chuan Li, deputy director of the Department of Medical Administration of the National Health and Wellness Commission, introduced at the conference that since the 12th Five-Year Plan, the State Council has made the work arrangement of setting up "double centers" in nearly three health development and five-year plans of the medical and health system. At present, the establishment and construction of "Double Centers" have been written into the Law on Basic Medical Care and Health Promotion, the 14th Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Outline of Long-term Goals in 2035, and included in the special "14th Five-Year Plan" issued by the State Council. Up to now, the National Health and Wellness Commission has set up 13 national medical centers in professional categories and national regional medical centers in children’s categories according to procedures. At the same time, the National Health and Wellness Commission and the National Development and Reform Commission approved 76 national regional medical center construction projects in four batches in areas with weak medical resources.

  After years of hard work, the National Medical Center and the National Regional Medical Center mobilized and aggregated local governments, universities, scientific research institutions and other forces, carried out in-depth core technology research, focused on solving long-term and overall medical problems affecting people’s health, and produced a number of groundbreaking clinical research results. In 2022 alone, the "Double Center" launched 372 international and domestic pioneering and leading technologies. Since the implementation of the national regional medical center construction project, more than 1,400 diagnosis and treatment technologies have been transferred to the imported provinces, filling the gaps in more than 300 provincial medical technologies, and the number of people seeking medical treatment in relevant provinces has dropped significantly.

Hu Manzhi created and shared with you the "messenger" of intercellular communication-cytokines.

The future of cytokine detection is bound to be a red sea. You should know about these clinical applications.

Foreword:

In our bodies, there is a mysterious and powerful system, which always protects us from external pathogens. This system is our immune system, which is composed of many immune cells, like a well-trained army, always ready to resist foreign enemies. In this army, there is a mysterious force playing a role silently, which is cytokine.

Overview of cytokines

Cytokines are a kind of small molecular protein with wide biological activity, which is synthesized and secreted by immune cells (such as monocytes, macrophages, T cells, B cells, NK cells, etc.) and some non-immune cells (such as endothelial cells, epidermal cells, fibroblasts, etc.), and is equivalent to the "messenger" of mutual communication among various cells in human body.

It has many biological functions, such as regulating cell growth, differentiation and maturation, maintaining function, regulating immune response, participating in inflammatory reaction, wound healing and tumor growth and decline.

At present, the detection of cytokines is widely used in infections, kidney diseases, autoimmune diseases, tumors and malignant hematological diseases, which has important clinical significance in the diagnosis of diseases, the judgment of treatment opportunity, the guidance of medication, the monitoring of curative effect, the early warning of cytokine storm risk and the improvement of patients’ treatment efficiency.

Classification and main functions of cytokines

According to their main functions, cytokines can be divided into the following categories: interleukin (ILs), colony stimulating factor (CSFs), interferon (IFNs), tumor necrosis factor (TNFs), growth factor (GFs) and chemokine (CK).

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There are both pro-inflammatory factors and anti-inflammatory factors. Pro-inflammatory factors usually regulate the growth, activation, differentiation and homing of immune cells to infected sites, aiming at controlling and eradicating intracellular pathogens (including viruses); Anti-inflammatory cytokines are a series of immunomodulatory molecules that control the response of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

In the development of infection, the interaction between pro-inflammatory factors and anti-inflammatory factors runs through, which has a far-reaching impact on the development direction and outcome of infection.

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Clinical application value of cytokines

1, early diagnosis of infection, conducive to disease monitoring.

Shortening the window period helps to realize early diagnosis and win valuable time for treatment; The half-life is short, which is convenient to monitor the efficacy in time and ensure the effectiveness and safety of treatment; Complement with PCT and CRP, improve the accuracy of diagnosis and provide strong support for precise treatment.

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Note: In the Expert Consensus on Interpretation of Clinical Significance of Infection-related Biomarkers published in 2017, IL-6 has been regarded as one of the infection-related biomarkers.

2, help to determine the type of infection.

A study showed that IL-6 and IL-10 increased more than 10 times at the same time, suggesting G- bacteria infection; IL-6 increased by 2 times, and IL-10 increased by less than 10 times, suggesting G+ bacteria infection. According to the cytokine spectrum, the effective rate of identifying Gram bacteria to guide antibiotic treatment is close to that of broad-spectrum coverage group, up to 85%, while the effective rate of empirical treatment group is only 60%.

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3. Early warning of cytokine storm

During the period of COVID-19, many critically ill patients suffered from uncontrolled release of cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, which led to coagulation storm, thrombosis, myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism, leading to respiratory failure, organ failure and even death.

Although IL-6 is the key cytokine for everyone at present, it should not be the only one. Cytokines is a huge regulatory network, which is coordinated with each other, constantly changing dynamically and changing with the course of disease.

Therefore, it is suggested that patients at risk of cytokine storm should be jointly tested for cytokines during admission and hospitalization.

4. Assess the inflammation and immune status of the body.

Severe patients may have three inflammatory/immune states: SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome), CARS (Antagonistic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) and MARS (Mixed Antagonistic Response Syndrome).

When infection or other reasons lead to the imbalance of inflammatory response, if the levels of a large number of proinflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IFN-γ, IFN-α and TNF-α are greatly increased, there is a risk of systemic inflammatory response syndrome -SIRS, and the inflammatory response of the body is strong at this time, so it is recommended to give priority to anti-inflammatory treatment; If the endogenous anti-inflammatory reaction is too strong, the anti-inflammatory factors such as IL-4 and IL-10 will be greatly increased, which indicates the risk of CARS. At this time, the immune function of the body is weak, and it is suggested to strengthen the immune treatment. If both pro-inflammatory factors and anti-inflammatory factors increase significantly, it suggests that the body is a mixed antagonistic response syndrome, suggesting that the body has a strong inflammatory response and low immune function, and it is suggested to carry out anti-inflammatory combined with immune enhancement therapy.

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5. Cytokines and Tumor

Cytokines are the key proteins of signal transmission in tumor microenvironment (TME), which have pleiotropic effects. In terms of anti-tumor, interferon and TGF-β can directly inhibit the growth of tumor cells, while IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12 and IL-15 can enhance the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes or bone marrow cells, thus inhibiting cell growth; In promoting tumor, TGF-β, TNF, IL-1β, CXCL12, etc. can promote the survival and proliferation of tumor cells; TNF, IL-6, etc. can cause the disorder of cytokine regulation and promote the occurrence of tumor inflammation; IL-10, IL-4, TGF-β, etc. are immunosuppressed; TNF, IL-6 and various chemokines can also promote angiogenesis.

Studies have confirmed that IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 are slightly increased, while IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ are significantly decreased, suggesting that there may be early tumor microenvironment progress. Early warning of the occurrence of adverse reaction cytokine release syndrome (CRS) caused by PD-1 therapy /CAR-T therapy.

6. Cytokines and Autoimmunity

Hemophagocytic syndrome (HLH):HLH may be caused by persistent antigen stimulation caused by autoimmune diseases or malignant tumors, with high mortality. IL-2R is one of the diagnostic criteria (from China Expert Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Hemophagocytic Syndrome). In addition, the slight increase of IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-6 can also distinguish HLH from infection, which is helpful for the treatment of HLH patients.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): As a chronic autoimmune disease, SLE will affect many organ systems, including but not limited to skin, joints and kidneys. Cytokines in active SLE patients, including IL-8, IL-18, IL-6 and IFN-α, were significantly higher than those in inactive SLE patients. Especially, IL-6 and IL-8 showed better sensitivity and specificity than traditional C3, C4 and Anti-dsDNA.

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP): A large number of studies show that inflammatory cytokines in HSP patients are out of balance, mainly IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. When the cutoff value of IL-6 is set to 7 pg/mL, the sensitivity and specificity can reach 78.0% and 80.5%. The change of IL-8 will be greater, which is 2-10 times of the baseline level of healthy people.

7, cytokines and asthma, allergic diseases and lung diseases.

Generally speaking, children’s allergic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis are mainly mediated by humoral immunity (IgE-mediated type I allergy). IL-4 and IL-5 can promote the secretion of IgE antibodies, aggravate allergic diseases, monitor the levels of IL-4 and other proinflammatory factors, and evaluate the condition and efficacy.

In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α can promote the progress of airway inflammation such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pneumonia, and evaluate the changes of cytokine levels, so as to evaluate the disease progress and drug efficacy monitoring of the above diseases.

8. Cytokines and Reproductive Medicine

Studies have proved that Th1 cytokines are significantly increased and Th2 cytokines are decreased in patients with unexplained recurrent abortion. It has also been reported in the literature that the significant increase of IL-22 concentration may be related to unexplained recurrent abortion.

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Advantages and disadvantages of mainstream detection methods for cytokine reagents

1, chemiluminescence method

Advantages: The method is mature and stable in technology, high in sensitivity and wide in linear range, and can efficiently complete single detection in a short time.

Disadvantages: it is impossible to carry out multi-project joint inspection and the sample demand is large, which makes it unable to cope with the large sample size test.

2. Flow fluorescence method

Advantages: As a relatively new detection method, flow fluorescence method stands out for its advantages of realizing multi-item joint inspection with small sample size, especially in large sample size testing, which saves time and cost.

Disadvantages: It may not be as sensitive as the light-emitting platform, and it is difficult to solve the interference problem that may be introduced in the process of multi-joint inspection, which affects the accuracy of its detection to some extent.

3. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Advantages: The method is mature and stable, with high sensitivity and good stability.

Disadvantages: the reaction time is relatively long, the linear range is narrow, and the detection efficiency is low, so it is more used in scientific research.

Market situation and current situation sharing of cytokine reagents

1. The domestic heat is higher than that of foreign countries.

Through investigation, we found that, for cytokine projects, except IL-6, foreign manufacturers are more respected, and almost no other manufacturers have obtained certificates in China or even CE. At present, only Siemens has obtained the registration certificates for six projects, namely IL-1β, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α, in China, which is regarded as an early cytokine project company that entered the China market.

The joint inspection of cytokine combination project seems to be a unique project in China, and it is difficult for us to find similar packaged tests in other countries.

From the actual clinical point of view, COVID-19 and sepsis have confirmed the significance of IL-6 detection, and hemophagocytic syndrome has clarified the value of IL-2R detection. However, for other cytokine detection, although everyone is advocating the clinical significance of each index, there is no more recognized expert consensus to explain it. It can only be said that the market prospect is there, but more clinical practice is needed to confirm it.

At present, there are mainly two factions in the detection of cytokines in China, such as the magnetic particle light-emitting platform of Hot Scene Bio, which has obtained the registration certificates of 13 indicators, namely TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-2R, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL. At present, the flow fluorescence platform made by Hu Manzhi is generally combined with 12 items, namely TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70 and IL-11.

2. Although there are international standards for each project, the testing situation of each manufacturer is not uniform.

Due to the lack of foreign reagents, it seems difficult to maintain the consistency of test results except IL-6. Although almost every project has international standards, from the data of clinical tests, the test results of various manufacturers deviate seriously, and it is difficult to judge which manufacturer’s test value is more accurate. It may be inferred that the traceability chain of each manufacturer is not particularly strict.

We know that most cytokines can’t be stored stably at room temperature, so the general calibrators are in the form of freeze-drying, which may be due to the loss during freeze-drying, or the interference of composite quality control such as flow platform, or the matrix effect introduced in the dilution process of international standards, which makes the test results of reagents difficult to be unified and leads to confusion in clinical judgment.

Market prospect of cytokine detection reagents

Although we have mentioned the problem that various cytokines form a complex network of communication and restriction between cells, there is no disease-specific guidance for many indicators at present, and it is difficult to unify the test results among manufacturers, but on the other hand, it is a huge opportunity for reagent manufacturers. Why do you say that?

First of all, the broad indications of detection indicators mean that cytokine items can be detected in various departments, with a large volume; Moreover, there are not many manufacturers in this testing field, and compared with conventional testing items, the homogenization is not serious and the market prospect is relatively broad; Moreover, the difference in the test results of manufacturers will inevitably lead to the emergence of benchmark enterprises in this field, so many enterprises can establish their own brand image through this product; It is believed that with the further implementation of the consensus of experts in various fields and the gradual maturity of emerging technologies such as flow fluorescence and single molecule detection, cytokine detection will surely be a red sea.

Today’s sharing is here, I hope it will inspire you. (For more information about cytokine detection reagents, please search the official website of HUMAN Zhizhi and click to inquire.)

About Hu manzhizao

Beijing Human Zhizao Technology Co., Ltd. is a medical technology innovation company integrating R&D, production and sales. With years of experience in materials science, in vitro diagnosis technology and marketing, based on the core of multi-flow fluorescence technology, the company is committed to providing fully automatic multi-flow fluorescence detection platform and supporting reagents with competitive advantages for clinical customers, and has built a "new ecology" for ultra-high-speed immunodiagnosis, focusing on major immune diseases, intractable diseases and rare diseases.

Heavy! The tenth edition of COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment plan adjustment points.

  Recently, the National Health and Wellness Commission and state administration of traditional chinese medicine organized the revision of the novel coronavirus Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Trial Ninth Edition) and formed the novel coronavirus Infection Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Trial Tenth Edition). The key revisions are as follows:

  The name of the disease has been adjusted.

  According to the "Overall Plan for Implementing" Class B and B Management "for novel coronavirus Infection by the Comprehensive Group of the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism, the name of the disease was changed from" novel coronavirus "Renamed "novel coronavirus Infection". With the continuous variation of Covid-19, the virulence of Omicron virus weakened after it became the main epidemic strain. The main symptoms of human infection were cough, fever, sore throat and so on, and only a few infected people would progress to pneumonia.

  No longer judge "suspected cases"

  With the increasing richness of diagnostic methods and the continuous improvement of diagnostic efficiency,At present, Covid-19 infection can be diagnosed promptly, quickly and accurately by nucleic acid and antigen detection.In most cases, there will be no cases where the epidemiological history and clinical manifestations are consistent with the characteristics of the disease, but the pathogen detection can not be clear for a long time.

  Increase the positive test of Covid-19 antigen as diagnostic criteria.

  Antigen detection has good detection sensitivity for infected people with high viral load.With the maturity of antigen detection technology and the improvement of detection accuracy, Covid-19 infected people, especially those with strong infectivity, can be diagnosed in time through antigen detection.Considering that most infected people are treated at home, the antigen detection operation is simple and convenient, which is convenient for infected people to carry out rapid self-detection.

  Further optimize "clinical typing"

  With the constant variation of the virus, especially since the epidemic of Omicron strain, the pathogenicity of the virus has been gradually weakened, and the characteristics of the disease have changed obviously. Most infected people have mild symptoms and the proportion of pneumonia has been greatly reduced.In order to better reflect the characteristics of the disease, the tenth edition of the plan adjusted the clinical classification, mainly according to the severity of the infected person’s illness, divided into "light, medium, heavy and critical", which is more in line with clinical practice.

  Cases are no longer required to be "centralized and isolated"

  With the implementation of Class B and B management measures, Covid-19 infected people can choose home treatment or medical institutions according to the needs of treatment, and all kinds of medical institutions can treat Covid-19 infected people.

  Further improved the treatment method.

  The anti-Covid-19 drugs that have been approved for marketing in China will be included in the new diagnosis and treatment plan to further enrich the antiviral treatment methods.

  Further improve the diagnostic criteria and early warning indicators for severe and critical cases, and scientifically and accurately judge severe cases of infection in Covid-19. At the same time,The elderly who have not been vaccinated in the whole process will be added to the high-risk group of severe diseases, and the monitoring of vital signs, especially the monitoring index of finger oxygen saturation after rest and activity, will be added to the early warning index of severe diseases..

  Further strengthening the concept of co-treatment of Covid-19’s infection and basic diseases, emphasizing the need to strengthen the monitoring of related indicators of infected people’s basic diseases and give corresponding treatment for basic diseases, which is more conducive to promoting patients’ comprehensive recovery.

  Further optimize the clinical manifestations and treatment-related contents of children’s cases, put forward the characteristics of children infected with Omicron strain in combination with clinical practice, and improved the early warning indicators of severe cases in children.It provides a treatment plan for special situations such as acute laryngitis and nervous system complications that may occur in children infected.

  Further improved the related content of Chinese medicine treatment.Strengthen the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine treatment for severe and critical cases, and increase the method of medication with symptoms, which is more suitable for clinical practice.On this basis, the Chinese medicine treatment plan for children’s cases is further improved, acupuncture treatment methods are added, and corresponding Chinese medicine treatment measures are provided in combination with the obvious cough of some patients in recovery period.

  Adjust the "discharge standard"

  The tenth version of the plan no longer requires the results of nucleic acid detection when the infected person leaves the hospital, but the clinician makes a comprehensive judgment based on the patient’s Covid-19 infection, diagnosis and treatment of basic diseases or other diseases, and health recovery.

  When the patient’s condition is obviously improved, his vital signs are stable, his body temperature is normal for more than 24 hours, lung imaging shows that acute exudative lesions are obviously improved, and he can be converted to oral medication, and there are no complications that need further treatment, he can consider leaving the hospital.

  Adjust the prevention and control of infection in medical institutions

  After the adjustment of the epidemic prevention and control policy, all medical institutions have the possibility to accept cases of Covid-19 infection. The tenth edition of the diagnosis and treatment plan has adjusted the relevant contents of infection prevention and control in medical institutions.

  Further implement the system of pre-examination and triage for outpatient and emergency departments and do a good job of patient diversion. At the same time, instruct patients and accompanying personnel to wear medical surgical masks or medical protective masks, and provide instructions on hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette.

  Strengthen the cleaning, disinfection and ventilation of consultation rooms, wards, offices and duty rooms.

  Implement personal protection requirements of medical staff according to exposure risks.

  Standardize the treatment of medical waste and implement terminal disinfection after patients are transferred out or discharged from hospital.

  ▌ This article Source: CCTV News WeChat WeChat official account (ID: CCTV News Center)

  Producer/Editor-in-Chief Bing Xu/Ma Wenjia

  Headquarters reporter/Shi Yingchun

  Editor/Yu Zijing Drawing/Gao Mengru

  Image source/vision china

Five practical skills of Huawei Pura70 are shared, and new users should try it quickly.

Huawei Pura70 series has been released for many days, and I believe many small partners have already touched it.

I’ve seen a lot of introductions of new functions and new hardware these days. I wonder if you pay attention to the changes in experience. Huawei Pura70 series is equipped with the latest HarmonyOS 4.2, and there are still many changes in details. For many new users, if you don’t study it in depth, you may regret missing it. Then take stock of a few more interesting functions, take a new machine in hand, or plan to start a new machine, you can take a look.

1. "Shake" to intercept jump advertisements

I don’t know which product manager invented the "shake" jump advertisement, but I guess his performance must be very good.

In any case, it is necessary for the mobile phone to stop the "shake" advertisement. After all, it is really useful.

I am deeply touched by this point. During the Double Eleven last year, I still used it. It didn’t have the advertisement interception function. As a result, some apps were opened at one point, and the first thing I jumped to was the shopping platform, which was annoying. It was changed at the beginning of the year. Starting from the latest surge, this mobile phone supports "getting device movements and directions" on and off, and the experience has also been qualitatively improved.

With the release of Huawei Pura70 series, Huawei users can also set the "Application acquisition device direction" for the app in this mobile phone. Personally, this function is not bad, and new users can turn it on or off as needed. Of course, if it is set to prohibit, in addition to shaking the advertisement jump, the game control and automatic screen flipping may also be affected, which needs attention.

2, photo AI elimination

With the explosion of the concept of "AI big model", some useful AIGC functions have been widely used, such as image elimination.

At present, mainstream flagship mobile phones such as Huawei, Glory, OPPO, vivo and Xiaomi all support the AI ? ? picture elimination function, and their performance is naturally mixed.

The image elimination function of Huawei Pura70 series is good in some scenes, and the overall evaluation can be given to the upper-middle. I believe it will be better with the optimization of subsequent systems and the improvement of large model capabilities.

3. Smart screen recognition

Smart screen recognition is a super easy-to-use function, but 99% of consumers actually don’t care.

For example, if you want to recognize the words on the picture, cut out some words, logos or photos, or translate between Chinese and English, compare prices of goods, etc., in the past, you needed a three-party App, or manually search for some more complicated menu operations. If you use smart screen to operate, it will be very convenient and fast.

On Huawei Pura70 series, users only need to hold down the screen with two fingers at the same time, which can trigger the intelligent screen recognition function, which can be carried out in any interface, including the operation of coding chat records with one button.

4. Artistic protagonist

The artistic protagonist is a custom theme function, and users can set their own photos as themes. The difference is that this function supports powerful customization. When you set a photo, the system will automatically matting the portrait, and users can also adjust the image at will.

In addition, the artistic protagonist has a wealth of texture styles and colors to choose from to meet the personalized needs.

5. Interactive theme

It also belongs to the category of theme customization. Unlike traditional static themes or dynamic themes, Huawei Pura70 series provides several themes that can interact with users. In addition to supporting sticker customization, it can also interact with users. For example, when users light up the screen, the wallpaper will move, and when the screen is turned off, the wallpaper will also move; Every time you slide into the desktop, the sticker will show a different animation form. Even when you click on the sticker with your finger, it will respond accordingly, which not only fills up the visual effect, but also makes every operation more interesting.

That’s all about the sharing of new functions of Huawei Pura70 series. Don’t forget to give it a try for new users. They are all very interesting and practical functions, which I believe will bring you a different experience.

China FAW Yancheng Branch put into production, the first model Pentium pony was officially mass-produced.

On May 17th, China FAW Yancheng Branch was put into production and the first car mass production ceremony was officially held. Pentium pony, the first model born in the new factory, was mass-produced and shipped to its dealers all over the country. With the mass production of the first car, the new energy factory of China FAW Yancheng Branch was officially unveiled for the first time, which opened the Pentium brand of China FAW and accelerated the development of new energy industry layout.

Relevant responsible persons from Yancheng Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government, China FAW, FAW Pentium, Yancheng Economic and Technological Development Zone and Jiangsu yueda Group came to the scene to witness this important moment. The main responsible comrades of Yancheng Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government, Wang Guoqiang, director and deputy secretary of the Party Committee of China FAW Group Co., Ltd., Yang Chang, chairman and secretary of the Party Committee of FAW Pentium Automobile Co., Ltd., and Kong Dejun, general manager and deputy secretary of the Party Committee of FAW Pentium Automobile Co., Ltd. jointly launched the commissioning and first car mass production ceremony of China FAW Yancheng Branch.

Wang Guoqiang said in his speech that as an important part of the strategic layout of China FAW’s new energy industrial chain, the commissioning of China FAW Yancheng Base greatly supplemented the production capacity layout of China FAW’s independent new energy vehicles, marking a key step in the strategic layout of China FAW’s new energy. As the first new energy strategic model of Pentium brand, Pentium Pony will further enhance the competitiveness and influence of Pentium in the new energy market, and bring more scene and personalized car experience to consumers.

As a new energy passenger car production base established by China FAW, Yancheng Branch will undertake the production tasks of various new energy main models of Pentium brand in the future, which will become an important guarantee to support the development of China FAW’s own brand and promote the transformation of FAW Pentium’s new energy. With the accelerated transformation, FAW Pentium will launch seven new energy vehicles, covering pure electric, plug-in hybrid, extended range power and other types of products.

Pentium pony is the first product of FAW Pentium’s new energy transformation, which will be officially launched on May 28th. Since the pre-sale, it has become the new "budding master" of the micro pure electric travel market with the five good experiences of "good-looking, fun, easy to open, economical and safe".

In addition, the brand-new new energy vehicle of Pentium brand, code-named E311, also made its debut at the event. This vehicle is an all-electric SUV with high price-performance ratio and high quality-price ratio, which will bring consumers a brand-new travel experience with cutting-edge technology.

The commissioning of China FAW Yancheng Branch will bring sufficient capacity support and quality assurance for the planning and landing of new energy products of FAW Pentium. By the end of this year, China FAW Yancheng Branch will invest and transform 30 production lines one after another, reaching the annual output of 100,000 vehicles, and the production capacity will exceed 150,000 vehicles by the end of 2025, making it an intelligent, green and efficient modern manufacturing enterprise. In terms of manufacturing quality, it can realize 100% automation, high precision and zero error in body welding, and 100% data upload in final assembly can realize traceability of vehicle quality. In terms of quality inspection, the laser radar with a measurement accuracy finer than the hair ensures the uniform and beautiful gap between vehicles, and the detection intensity of rain around 360 degrees reaches more than twice the national standard. Through more than 16 kinds of complex road conditions tests, 19 rigorous tests in 4 categories are carried out in the whole process, which reflects the quality standards of China FAW.

From the official mass production of Pentium pony to the surprise appearance of E311, and then to the high standard landing of Yancheng New Energy Factory, FAW Pentium has entered a new round of strategic transformation. Relying on more than 70 years’ accumulation of China FAW and Yancheng’s complete industrial supporting facilities, FAW Pentium will reinforce its advantages in the Yangtze River Delta market, which is the core of new energy vehicle consumption, showing a new pattern of coordinated layout of North-South bases and common development of North-South markets.

Be alert! These bacteria may cause diseases such as sepsis and meningitis.

  In summer, the weather is hot, and the growth and reproduction of bacteria are increasingly active. The so-called "illness from the mouth", when cooking dishes, do you think that there may be "dangerous elements" hidden in the kitchen? What diseases will they cause?

  What are the common pathogens in the kitchen?

  1. Escherichia coli

  ● Can cause diseases: sepsis, infective endocarditis, liver abscess, peritonitis, pelvic inflammatory disease and urinary system infection.

  ● Symptoms after infection: abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, nausea, dizziness, vomiting and shock.

  E. coli is harmless to human body under normal circumstances, but it is easy to cause disease once it is overdosed and human immunity is weak.

  ● E.coli has low requirements for living conditions, and it will grow in the kitchen where there is a little water or food residue, such as chopping boards, rags and sinks that have not been dried. It is warm and humid in summer, and the growth and reproduction of Escherichia coli is very fast.

  ● Escherichia coli is not resistant to high temperature. Generally, it can be killed in plain areas by boiling at 100℃ for about 15 minutes to 30 minutes. When the temperature is about 4℃, the growth rate of Escherichia coli slows down; When the temperature is below MINUS 20℃, it enters a dormant state and stops breeding.

  2. Listeria

  ● Can cause diseases: fetal arrest, abortion, meningitis.

  ● Symptoms after infection: abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, nausea, dizziness, vomiting and shock.

  Listeria is known as the "refrigerator killer" and can still grow at 4℃. Milk, yogurt, eggs, meat, cold drinks and vegetables in the refrigerator may be parasitic.

  Low high temperature environment is easy to kill Listeria, and refrigerated food can be sterilized by boiling and heating. In addition, regular cleaning and disinfection of the refrigerator will help to eliminate Listeria.

  3. Vibrio parahaemolyticus

  ● Can cause diseases: gastroenteritis, acute renal failure and wound infection.

  ● Post-infection symptoms: severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, nausea, dizziness, vomiting and shock may occur.

  ● Vibrio parahaemolyticus mainly lives in seafood such as fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish and seaweed. Eating food containing this bacterium or being scratched by food containing this bacterium can cause infection.

  ● Vibrio parahaemolyticus can be killed by heating at high temperature. If sterilized with boiling water, it is recommended to boil for more than 15 minutes.

  4. Salmonella

  ● Can cause diseases: bacteremia, septicemia, gastroenteritis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, vascular implant infection and bone and joint infection.

  ● Post-infection symptoms: persistent high fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, dizziness, vomiting and shock may occur.

  Salmonella is easy to appear in kitchen knives, chopping boards, vegetables, fruits, eggs, chicken legs and other foods.

  Salmonella can be killed by heating at high temperature.

  5. Staphylococcus aureus

  ● Can cause diseases: meningitis, otitis media, septicemia, pneumonia, folliculitis, wound infection and paronychia.

  ● Post-infection symptoms: skin pustules, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, vomiting, dizziness, etc.

  ● It is often parasitic on human and animal skin, nasal cavity, throat, stomach and other tissues, and is also found in air and sewage. When eating food contaminated by the bacteria, or when the body wound comes into contact with pollution sources, it can cause infection.

  Staphylococcus aureus has a certain tolerance to high temperature, and it can be killed in a high temperature environment above 80℃ for 30 minutes. 70% ethanol can also be used for disinfection.

  The doctor reminded that the symptoms caused by these pathogenic bacteria when invading the human body have many similarities, such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, etc. Therefore, once an infection occurs, it is necessary to go to the hospital for examination and test to accurately identify which kind of bacteria is caused, and then take medicine for the symptoms.

  Transferred from CCTV Finance

[Editor in charge:

]

Some lesions in the annual physical examination can’t be found? Expert: Physical examination needs a "sense of design"

  Medical Guidance/Professor Wang Fangjun from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine

  No matter on the Internet or in real life, I can always hear people asking similar questions angrily and helplessly: one of my relatives and friends has a physical examination every year, and no problems have been found. Who knows that lung cancer has been found recently, or it is in the advanced stage! Therefore, people often ask bluntly: What is the use of physical examination? Why are some diseases still undetected? The reporter interviewed Professor Wang Fangjun from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

  Text, Figure/Guangzhou Daily All-Media Reporter Weng Shuxian Correspondent Fang Ning and Zhang Qiuxia

  Don’t wait for the body to "hold on" before doing the examination.

  "Physical examination is of course useful! The use is not small! " Wang Fangjun explained that the so-called physical examination is the abbreviation of "physical examination", which is a process in which doctors use their own senses, auxiliary examination instruments and experimental equipment to collect objective information on the health of patients or normal people and conduct health assessment.

  In the past, many people went to the hospital after they felt obvious symptoms of the disease, or even "unbearable". As everyone knows, many diseases have no discomfort in the early or even the middle stage, especially cancer. When the symptoms are obvious, they often have developed to a serious stage, and the treatment effect is difficult to guarantee, even for life. Physical examination is a process in which people take the initiative to evaluate the health status of their bodies. Without waiting for the body to send out an obvious "unbearable" signal, they can find hidden dangers of diseases as early as possible and block the progress of diseases in time.

  Why didn’t the physical examination find early lesions?

  Why do you insist on physical examination every year, or are some early lesions not found in time? What do you think about this problem that puzzles many people?

  "We should be clear about the fact that the health examination of normal people is not the same as the disease examination of patients who go to the hospital to see a doctor!" Wang Fangjun said that the examination of diseases is clear-cut, targeted, accurate and meticulous, and will make a relatively accurate diagnosis of diseases in a "positioning, quantitative, qualitative and regular" manner; The physical examination is only a screening process, and we don’t know whether the body is sick or not, which is equivalent to "casting a net". Therefore, we usually only choose some simple and cheap items that can reflect important organ functions.

  If we sort out these "casting a net" health examination items, he thinks they can be roughly divided into three categories:

  1. General examination: It belongs to the most basic examination items, and usually includes blood pressure measurement, heart and lung examination, electrocardiogram examination, palpation of liver, gallbladder, spleen and lymph nodes, etc., so as to roughly judge whether there are diseases of organs such as hypertension, heart disease, lung disease and liver and gallbladder.

  2. Laboratory examination: generally including blood analysis (blood routine), urine routine, liver and kidney function, blood lipid analysis, tumor markers and thyroid function, to judge whether there are anemia, infection, hepatitis, nephritis, hyperlipidemia, tumor, leukemia and hyperthyroidism.

  3. Imaging examination: it is essential in the current physical examination, which usually includes chest X-ray photos, B-ultrasound (liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidney, thyroid, etc.) and other items.

  "Whether you apply for a medical examination on your own initiative or a medical examination organized by your work unit, you only choose a few inspection items to do." Wang Fangjun said that even "people who are not poor in money" have designed an expensive "luxury medical examination package" according to their own requirements, and in fact it is impossible to include all kinds of examination items in the hospital. Therefore, in theory, it is impossible for physical examination to "exhaust all items", and there will always be some early lesions that will be missed. Some people only check a few small items, and they are not necessarily targeted. Therefore, some early lesions have failed to be detected.

  Tips: Optimize physical examination items to improve inspection efficiency.

  So, how to improve the effect of physical examination more pertinently?

  "In fact, the physical examination is also ‘ Technical work ’ , also need to have ‘ Sense of design ’ 。” Wang Fangjun analyzed that the above-mentioned physical examination items can be regarded as the preferred basic items, and it is recommended that all the subjects can be seriously examined. In addition, some targeted projects should be optimized according to the characteristics of age, gender and occupation, so as to improve the inspection efficiency. And how to choose the best, it is suggested that we can communicate with the doctor appropriately and design the best physical examination plan with the help of the doctor.

  For example, he said that people over the age of 40 should appropriately increase items such as bladder, prostate, uterus and accessories when doing basic B-ultrasound (liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidney, thyroid, etc.) during physical examination; Women at risk of breast cancer should increase mammography and breast ultrasound; People at risk of heart disease can add items such as cardiac color Doppler ultrasound on the basis of ECG. If you are an older "smoker" or a patient with other high-risk factors of lung cancer, you should "upgrade" the chest X-ray photos to a low-dose CT examination of the chest to avoid missing the diagnosis of early lung cancer.

  If some parts of the body are obviously uncomfortable, that is to say, some symptoms or signs have appeared, then the goal of the examination is more clear. Wang Fangjun reminded that the physical examination at this time may wish to refer to the contents of "disease examination" and ask the specialist to "tailor-made" the examination items, so as not to miss the early or even middle and late lesions.

  Related links

  The free physical examination at home is coming!

  Online booking service is open now.

  Guangzhou Daily News (all-media reporter Wu Shen) Is your figure healthy or invisible obesity? How about cardiopulmonary endurance, physical flexibility and balance ability? If you want to know more about your body shape, function and quality, you should pay attention to this free welfare! Guangzhou Daily’s all-media reporter learned from Guangzhou Sports Science Research Institute that from today, residents of all districts in Guangzhou can make an APPointment to receive free physical fitness tests at national physical fitness monitoring sites all over 11 districts through the mobile phone app "Grouplink", and get a deep understanding of their physical function and physical quality through the tests of 11 projects, and get a personalized "exercise prescription".

  "I have a physical examination every year. Is there any difference in this physical examination?" The importance of routine physical examination has been popular, but physical fitness test is still a new thing for most people. Experts explained that the annual routine physical examination is to check whether there is any disease in the body, and all kinds of diseases and abnormalities can be detected; The purpose of physical fitness test is to fully understand the physical condition, and to find problems at the "sub-health" stage when physical function and physical quality begin to decline, so as to prevent the occurrence of diseases.

  For people who want to lose fat and gain muscle through exercise, for example, people who want to get rid of mild fatty liver through exercise can have a physical fitness test every three months to observe the exercise effect and adjust the exercise plan in time. For the general population who usually have good exercise habits, it is also necessary to have a physical fitness test every six months to one year.

  The National Physical Fitness Monitoring Center under the Guangzhou Sports Science Research Institute conducts physical fitness monitoring for specific people every year. In order to help the public fully understand their physical condition, prevent the occurrence of diseases, provide the residents with the basis for scientific sports and improve their physical and mental health, from September 20, the function of making an APPointment for physical fitness test will be launched on the "Qunshitong" app. Residents aged 19-69 can choose the nearest national physical fitness testing site and have a free physical fitness test within the scheduled time. Through 11 items such as body composition test, bone density test, step test, vital capacity test and grip strength test, you can get comprehensive evaluation electronic report and personalized exercise suggestion, which is a good opportunity to deeply understand your body shape, body function and physical quality.

Responsible comrades of the Department of Veterans Affairs answered reporters’ questions on "Opinions on Promoting Employment and Entrepreneurship of Veterans in the New Era"

  Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, August 2 nd: The responsible comrades of the Department of Veterans Affairs answered questions on the Opinions on Promoting the Employment and Entrepreneurship of Veterans in the New Era.

  Xinhua News Agency reporter Mei Shixiong

  On the occasion of the publication of the Opinions on Promoting the Employment and Entrepreneurship of Retired Soldiers in the New Era (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions), the responsible comrades of the Department of Veterans Affairs answered questions from Xinhua News Agency reporters on the main spirit of the Opinions.

  1. Why did you issue this Opinion?

  A: The formulation of the Opinions is mainly based on the following considerations:

  First, it is an important guarantee to unite the morale of the military and achieve the goal of strengthening the military. Without a people’s army, there would be nothing for the people. At present, the situation at home and abroad is undergoing profound and complex changes, and the security environment challenges facing China are very severe. The task of safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests is arduous and arduous, and it is urgent to build a strong people’s army. Retirement and active service are different stages of a soldier’s life. The employment and entrepreneurship of retired soldiers have been done well, and their personal values have been well realized, which not only has a "calming effect" on retired soldiers themselves and their families, but also helps to relieve the worries of the majority of active soldiers, promote them to serve with peace of mind, effectively fulfill the lofty mission of the army in the new era, and help attract more high-quality talents to actively participate in national defense and army building, and truly transform their national defense potential into national defense strength.

  The second is the inherent requirement of giving full play to the role of talents and boosting economic development. The army is a melting pot and a big school. After the training and training of the army, the vast number of retired soldiers have excellent political quality, will quality and ability style. At present, there are tens of millions of retired soldiers in China, and hundreds of thousands of soldiers are discharged from active service every year, which is an indispensable and important force in socialist modernization. At the same time, the military occupation has its particularity. After retiring to the local area, soldiers have a process of psychological adjustment, role transformation and ability transformation, which needs support and assistance. Formulate and issue the Opinions, improve the employment and entrepreneurship ability of retired military personnel, help them take a key step in job transition, career transformation and life transition, create conditions for them to integrate into society faster and play their role better, and contribute wisdom and strength to socialist modernization.

  2. What veterans are the Opinions applicable to?

  A: The Opinions mainly apply to three types of retired soldiers: first, self-employed retired soldiers; The second is to choose jobs independently and turn the army into cadres; Third, demobilized cadres.

  3. What are the main features of the Opinions?

  A: The Opinions mainly have four characteristics: First, it is an important declaration. For the first time, it is proposed that the employment and entrepreneurship policy for retired military personnel should be given priority, so as to ensure that retired military personnel will be given preferential treatment on the basis of enjoying inclusive employment and entrepreneurship support policies and public services, fully reflecting the concern and care of the party and the government for retired military personnel, and implementing the important instruction of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on "making military personnel a respected profession of the whole society". The second is problem-oriented. A series of policies and measures are put forward to solve the problems existing in different degrees, such as insufficient employment and entrepreneurship ability, insufficient support and imperfect service system. The third is to make overall plans. According to the existing policies and actual needs of various groups of retired military personnel, a relatively unified, standardized and orderly policy system will be gradually established in line with the principle of high and low. Fourth, innovation in inheritance. On the one hand, make full use of the existing policies and continue to adhere to the relevant policies that are generally welcomed by retired soldiers and have good practical effects; On the other hand, the good policies introduced in some areas have become national policies, and the experience and practices in the work have been solidified into policies; At the same time, according to the new situation and new requirements, some forward-looking innovative measures are put forward.

  4. What is the general idea of the employment and entrepreneurship of retired military personnel?

  A: It is clear in the Opinions that the employment and entrepreneurship of retired military personnel in the new era is guided by Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, and a specific requirement of 32 words is put forward. First, the government promotes and gives priority to policies. The government plays an active role in supporting the employment and entrepreneurship of retired military personnel, and earnestly shoulders its responsibilities in policy support, public service, publicity and guidance, organization and coordination. The second is market orientation and demand traction. In the final analysis, employment and entrepreneurship belong to market behavior. We should give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of employment and entrepreneurship services according to market demand. The third is voluntary choice and independent action. The key to promoting the employment and entrepreneurship of retired soldiers lies in their own efforts, speeding up the transformation of their roles and identities, courageously participating in the tide of reform and opening up, and actively participating in socialist modernization. Fourth, social support and multi-party participation. The employment and entrepreneurship of retired military personnel is a systematic project and the common responsibility of the whole society. It is necessary to mobilize the forces of the government, market and society to jointly promote it.

  5. What measures are there to improve the employment and entrepreneurship ability of retired military personnel?

  A: Promoting the employment and entrepreneurship of retired military personnel is the foundation. In recent years, the state has introduced some targeted measures to strengthen the vocational skills training of retired military personnel and enhance their employment and entrepreneurial ability, but there are also problems such as scattered policies, insufficient preferential treatment, low training quality and inflexible training methods. The Opinions put forward six measures:

  First, improve the multi-level and diversified education and training system. Incorporate the education and training of ex-servicemen into the academic education and vocational education system, and rely on educational resources such as ordinary universities and vocational colleges to promote the connection between the education and training of active servicemen and ex-servicemen, and the academic education and skills training complement each other.

  The second is to carry out pre-retirement skills reserve training. We will carry out in-depth activities of "sending policies to military camps", strengthen economic and social development and employment situation introduction, policy consultation, psychological adjustment, and "one-on-one" career planning, and strive to turn the qualities tempered by retired soldiers during their service into advantages in employment and entrepreneurship.

  The third is to strengthen vocational skills training after retirement. Relax the time limit for participating in free training, and relax the current "you can participate in free training within one year after retirement" to "you can participate at any time after retirement"; Relax the geographical restrictions on participating in free training, and allow cross-provincial education and training with the consent of the provincial veterans affairs department.

  The fourth is to implement lifelong vocational skills training. Encourage employers to regularly organize retired military personnel to participate in job skills upgrading and knowledge updating training; Incorporate laid-off and unemployed veterans into special vocational training plans and vocational skills training, and subsidize them according to regulations.

  The fifth is to encourage participation in academic education. Encourage all localities to include retired soldiers who meet the requirements for college entrance examination into the enrollment scope of separate examinations in higher vocational colleges; Retired soldiers take part in the college entrance examination and postgraduate examination and enjoy extra care; During their service, military personnel participated in continuing education with open education, self-study exams and other academic qualifications. After retiring, they can continue to complete their studies and obtain the corresponding national higher education diploma.

  Sixth, strengthen the management of education and training. It is proposed to establish a catalogue of vocational skills training institutions, training enterprises and institutions of higher learning for retired military personnel, and to make it public and implement regular assessment and dynamic management to ensure the teaching level of training units. Strengthen the assessment of the quality of education and training of training units and establish an incentive mechanism.

  6. What measures are there to support the employment of veterans?

  A: The Opinions put forward specific measures in terms of relaxing recruitment conditions, broadening employment channels and strengthening employment services.

  In terms of relaxing the recruitment conditions, it is clear that organs, social organizations, enterprises and institutions recruit retired military personnel, appropriately relax the age and academic qualifications, and give priority to recruitment under the same conditions.

  In terms of broadening employment channels, the first is to increase the recruitment of civil servants. College graduate soldiers who have served in the army for more than 5 years (inclusive) can apply for the position of orientation examination for service-oriented grassroots project personnel after retirement, and share the orientation examination plan for civil servants with service-oriented grassroots project personnel; All localities, especially border areas and deep poverty-stricken areas, have set up a certain number of grass-roots civil servant positions to recruit veterans in combination with the implementation of strategies such as rural revitalization and poverty alleviation; Party and government organs at all levels should pay attention to selecting and transferring outstanding college students with service experience when organizing the work in Selected Graduates; Broaden the channels for recruiting the people’s police of public security organs from retired soldiers such as anti-terrorism special operations. The second is to encourage enterprises to recruit. Enterprises that absorb the employment of retired military personnel can enjoy tax incentives; Enterprises that have made outstanding contributions to the employment of retired military personnel shall be commended and rewarded. The third is to explore new employment channels. Study and formulate a job directory suitable for the employment of retired military personnel, increase the proportion of retired military personnel recruited for service guarantee and security, and give priority to recruiting retired military personnel under the same conditions for auxiliary police posts; Demobilized soldiers are selected to participate in key tasks such as social governance, stabilizing the border, and tackling poverty, and retired soldiers are encouraged to work as full-time staff in the party’s grassroots organizations and urban and rural communities.

  In strengthening employment services, it is clear that ex-servicemen enjoy priority treatment in public employment service institutions at all levels, and local people’s governments at or above the county level organize at least two special recruitment activities for ex-servicemen every year. At the same time, it is required to do a good job in follow-up support, establish employment accounts for retired military personnel, implement real-name management, track the employment of retired military personnel, and provide necessary services.

  7. What measures are there to support veterans’ entrepreneurship?

  A: Entrepreneurship is a higher level of employment and plays an important role in promoting employment. The "Opinions" highlight the guidance and services for retired military personnel who are willing to start a business. The first is to strengthen entrepreneurship training. All localities should organize and carry out entrepreneurship awareness education, entrepreneurship project guidance, enterprise management and other training for retired military personnel with entrepreneurial will, so as to enhance entrepreneurial confidence and enhance entrepreneurial ability. The second is to give priority to providing entrepreneurial places. Encourage the establishment of business incubation bases, creative spaces and business parks for retired military personnel, solve the problems of lack of venues, funds and technology in a targeted manner, and create conditions for their innovation and entrepreneurship. The third is to enjoy financial and tax incentives. Ex-servicemen who set up small and micro enterprises can apply for business start-up guarantee loans and enjoy loan discount according to regulations, and all localities can increase their support in light of the actual situation. Encourage social capital to set up veterans’ venture funds and broaden the channels of fund guarantee. Ex-servicemen engaged in self-employment can enjoy tax incentives. In the next step, relevant departments will also study and improve the preferential tax policies for employment and entrepreneurship of retired military personnel.

  8. What measures are there to improve the employment and entrepreneurship service system for retired military personnel?

  A: According to the requirements of the new situation and the ideas of platform informationization, team specialization and strength diversification, the goal and structure of service system construction are defined. The first is to build an information platform. Emphasis is placed on the supporting role of information construction in accurate service, and it is proposed to speed up the establishment of a nationwide, real-time sharing and up-and-down linkage information platform for retired military personnel’s employment and entrepreneurship services, and make full use of big data to provide accurate services. The second is to build a guidance team. Give play to the guiding team’s role in career planning, entrepreneurship guidance and employment absorption of retired military personnel, and attract entrepreneurs, experts and scholars with rich entrepreneurial experience, caring for retired military personnel and loving public welfare undertakings to improve the professional level of service guidance. The third is to build a training base. In accordance with the principle of classified management, accelerate the establishment of a regional training base with complementary advantages, resource sharing and special service for veterans, and bring it into the scope of national policy support and give appropriate subsidies. The fourth is to make good use of social forces. Advocate the whole society to participate in the employment and entrepreneurship of retired military personnel, combine the government’s provision of public services, supplementary services from social forces and self-service of retired military personnel, and support social organizations that serve the employment and entrepreneurship of retired military personnel to carry out their work according to law.

  9. What measures does the Opinions take to improve and perfect the employment and entrepreneurship mechanism of retired military personnel?

  A: There are many departments involved in the employment and entrepreneurship of retired military personnel, and an effective mechanism needs to be established. The Opinions put forward three measures: First, improve the working mechanism. Clarifying the working mechanism led by the Party committee, promoted by the government, led by the veterans affairs department, supported by the relevant military and civilian departments, and participated by all sectors of society, and refining the specific division of labor among departments are conducive to the formation of joint efforts. The second is strict accountability. Take the employment and entrepreneurship of retired military personnel as a political task and incorporate it into the annual performance appraisal of various regions and departments to ensure the implementation of the central policy. Resolutely clean up and correct those who add conditions and raise the threshold outside the central policy; If the policy implementation is not in place and the work is not promoted effectively, timely supervision and supervision will be carried out; Serious violations of policies and regulations, resulting in adverse effects, seriously investigate the responsibility of relevant personnel. The third is to strengthen publicity and education. Emphasis is placed on strengthening the education of retired military personnel’s ideological, political and job-hunting concepts, vigorously publicizing the typical employment and entrepreneurship of retired military personnel, publicizing the advanced deeds of all sectors of society that care for and support the employment and entrepreneurship of retired military personnel, and creating a good atmosphere conducive to the employment and entrepreneurship of retired military personnel.

  10. What are the requirements for the implementation of the Opinions?

  A: The vitality of the policy lies in its implementation. Even the best policy will be a castle in the air if it is not implemented. It is a very urgent task at present to publicize and implement the spirit of the Opinions, ensure that all requirements are implemented and benefit the vast number of veterans. The next step is to focus on the following tasks: First, strengthen policy interpretation. Publicly report the Opinions through various media, especially on the issues of concern to veterans, and actively solve doubts and doubts, so that the majority of veterans can accurately grasp the spirit of the policy. The second is to refine policy measures. All localities should formulate specific implementation measures in light of the actual situation and implement the requirements of the Opinions in detail. The third is to pay attention to typical guidance. Summarize and popularize the good practices and experiences implemented in various places in a timely manner, and promote the work from point to area. The fourth is to strengthen supervision and inspection. It is necessary to establish a task ledger, insist on tracking and asking for results, evaluate and check regularly, and promote the work in a strong and orderly manner.

Re-opening of Spring Festival in 2023: The high-quality market of scheduled films shows a recovery trend.


Special feature of 1905 film network According to the preliminary statistics of the National Film Bureau, the total box office of the Spring Festival in 2023 was 6.758 billion yuan, setting a new record for the second box office of the Spring Festival in film history. Six films covered suspense, science fiction, comedy, animation and other topics, and presented audiences with one Spring Festival feast after another. With a box office score of 2.606 billion yuan, it led the Spring Festival with a harvest of 2.164 billion yuan, followed closely. What are the different features of this year’s Spring Festival? What about other films in the same period?


The Spring Festival in 2023 ended perfectly, and several films can be said to have their own points of view, with a total box office of 6.758 billion yuan. Liu Zhenfei, a data analyst of Cat’s Eye Research Institute, started from the market data and analyzed which data are worthy of attention and resumption: "The announcement period and pre-sale period of the Spring Festival this year are relatively tight, showing a trend of backward alignment or long-term announcement. The box office of 1.35 billion yuan on the first day of this year reached the level of previous years, but it can only rank fourth in the Spring Festival file in history. By the end of the schedule, it has ranked second in the history of the schedule, indicating that from the first day to the sixth day, the box office trend is more stable. This year’s Spring Festival file can achieve this more stable trend. On the one hand, the audience is constantly returning to the cinema, on the other hand, the overall film is better. "



This year’s Spring Festival movies are not only diversified in types, but also different in the duration of a single film. Among them, the head film Wandering Earth 2 lasted for three hours, and Manjianghong also lasted for two and a half hours. According to the box office weight, the average duration of this year’s Spring Festival movies is as long as 150 minutes. Compared with previous years, the longest duration of movies is about 130 minutes. As a direct result, the number of national screenings will definitely drop. From the data point of view, the number of movies this year is less than that in previous years, but the total number of people watching movies this year continues to increase, whether the length of time is increased or the number of movies is decreased.



The audience will not only pay attention to the type and duration of the film, but also pay attention to the ticket price. The average ticket price this year is 52.3 yuan, which is the first time that the ticket price has been lowered for seven consecutive years. Spring Festival is a popular consumption schedule that is in short supply, especially under the premise that the operation of cinemas in the past three years is not ideal, the price increase of the schedule is also within the audience’s understanding. However, this year’s Spring Festival stalls may be influenced by the negative comments on the price increase of last year’s Spring Festival stalls, or because of the pursuit of allowing profits to welcome guests, but the fare has been lowered, and this move is also conducive to the audience to enter the theater for consumption. According to the data, this year’s low-frequency movie users have improved significantly compared with last year; For high-frequency movie users, the proportion of ticket purchases has also increased slightly compared with the past. It can be said that this year’s Spring Festival file has made the film market show a thriving recovery trend because of the benefits of welcoming guests and the richer types of film supply.


Before the Spring Festival, many people would predict the situation of each film. In previous years, there was often a situation of one super and many strong, but this year was very special. Wandering Earth 2 and Manjianghong went hand in hand in the past few days, and you chased me and there was a situation of "two heroes standing side by side". Liu Zhenfei mentioned: "This situation is really rare. In the past, it was said that the counter-attack of the schedule or the birth of the dark horse all started from the low position and rushed to the high position, or fell down because of word of mouth, forming a big deficit. This year is different, "Man Jiang Hong" is gradually improving, and "Wandering Earth 2" has basically not dropped much, and there is such a so-called "dual-core drive" that goes hand in hand. "



In this situation, users of high-frequency movies will choose to have them all, while users of low-frequency movies will choose to watch either the hottest movie or the best one, which is reflected in the previous slots. No matter how much the total box office is, the audience’s flow or the bonus of the slots must be concentrated on the individual movies in the head, and the slots have been improved as a whole, but the capacity has not been improved.



This year’s "Wandering Earth 2" and "Man Jiang Hong", first, the audience is very different. The audience of "Wandering Earth 2" is mostly elderly or male, including those in first-and second-tier cities; The opening of "Man Jiang Hong" will be biased towards women or sink into the market, and then it will flow to large-scale users. From the genre point of view, one of the two films is more large-scale production and big scenes, and the other one has achieved layer-by-layer inversion and endless jokes in the plot, which has produced a good form of distinguishing the audience from the temperament. It can be said that one is literary and one is martial, which absorbs different audiences and finally forms a win-win situation that keeps pace with each other.


Under the premise of quantity, the types of this year’s Spring Festival stalls are very diverse, with as many as 11 types. Liu Zhenfei said: "Judging from the different types of films in this year’s Spring Festival, there are also some differences in urban areas across the country. For example, first-and second-tier cities will be more concentrated, such as Northeast China and North China, and the most prominent is "Man Jiang Hong"; In the southern region, it may be biased towards such fantasy animation, such as Wandering Earth 2, which will be biased towards some areas in East China and South China. Therefore, the richness of the types of Spring Festival files is also a different movie-watching map formed throughout the country, and audiences all over the country will choose a movie they really like. "


Therefore, the box office performance of this year’s Spring Festival file really gave all film practitioners a shot in the arm. Next, there will be a relay release of films. Behind the brilliant achievements of this year’s Spring Festival, we can find that the third and fourth lines have sunk into the market and returned to the market very quickly. Compared with the past few years, the whole trend of returning home has taken shape again.

In 2018 and 2019, the box office peak of audience in third-and fourth-tier cities reached around the third grade, and then slowly fell back; This year, it was not only on the first day of New Year’s Day, but also on the third day of the following year, the third-and fourth-tier cities reached the high point again, which played a timely supplementary role in the Spring Festival stalls. From the market point of view, it was the tide of returning home that brought the biggest benefits to the Spring Festival stalls.



With the popularity of movies, whether it’s "When the Wind Comes Again" or "China Ping-Pong’s Jedi Fight Back", there are still many popularity movies to be released in the future movie market. What can attract the audience to the cinema continuously is that these popularity movies are released every week, so as to train moderate and heavy fans to enter the cinema frequently, which has a regulating effect on the whole market and is a benign development for the cultivation of the schedule.