Winter is the season when many viruses are prevalent, and many children have been tricked. What if the child is infected with the virus? How to prevent it? The reporter invited experts from Nanjing Children’s Hospital to help the children spend the winter healthily! reporter
Yu Lulu Wu Yeqing
Yangzi Evening News/Zi Niu News reporter Cai Yunqi
Rotavirus
One of the main pathogens causing infantile diarrhea, which is mainly transmitted through fecal mouth, is highly contagious.
Rotavirus infection usually goes through the following stages:
Incubation period: generally speaking, it is 1-3 days.
Within 24 hours before onset: Vomiting, low fever and other symptoms often occur.
Onset: watery diarrhea, sometimes accompanied by respiratory symptoms such as cough.
Course of disease is 3-5 days: Rotavirus infection is self-limited and can gradually heal itself after 3-5 days.
Children infected with rotavirus, parents should do this:
1. Give probiotics, montmorillonite powder and other drugs to relieve the symptoms of diarrhea;
2. To avoid dehydration caused by vomiting and diarrhea and reduced eating, hypertonic dehydration may endanger the child’s life;
3. Children with diarrhea for a long time can choose zero lactose or low lactose formula milk to feed, and when the condition is fully recovered, they can gradually resume drinking ordinary milk;
4. There is no need to fast during diarrhea, avoid eating vegetables and fruits containing crude fiber, and avoid high-sugar and high-fat foods and raw and cold foods;
5, don’t rush to strengthen nutrition for your baby, you should slowly add nutritious food, preferably from thin to thick, from less to more, to give your baby an adaptive process.
Special attention: parents need to be alert to complications such as dehydration, electrolyte disorder and acidosis caused by rotavirus infection. In children’s acute diarrhea, if parents do not pay attention to scientific and timely rehydration, it may lead to hypertonic dehydration’s disease or even coma, which is very dangerous.
hand-foot-and-mouth disease
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is an infectious disease caused by enterovirus, which mostly occurs in children under 5 years old. At present, there are more than 20 kinds of enteroviruses that cause HFMD, among which coxsackie virus A16 (Cox
A16) and enterovirus 71 (EV 71) are the most common.
What are the symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease?
Common symptoms: mouth pain, salivation, anorexia, fever, maculopapules on hands, feet, mouth and other parts, and then turned into small herpes or small ulcer, and some patients have no fever, only showing rash or herpes, which can heal itself in about a week.
Severely ill children: A small number of children develop rapidly after being infected with the virus, especially children under three years old, who develop meningitis, encephalitis, pulmonary edema, pulmonary hemorrhage, etc. within 1-5 days of onset, which may be life-threatening in severe cases.
flu
Winter is the high season of influenza, so it is very important to prevent influenza, especially for children with weak resistance.
The child has the flu and has these manifestations:
The main symptoms: fever, headache, myalgia and general malaise, and the body temperature can reach 39-mdash; 40℃。 There may be chills and chills, often accompanied by systemic symptoms such as sore muscles and joints, fatigue, loss of appetite, etc., often with sore throat, dry cough, nasal congestion, runny nose, and discomfort behind the sternum. Some of them are characterized by vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, which are common in infection with influenza B.
Immune deficiency patients are prone to pneumonia and other serious complications, with high mortality; Without complications, the course of the disease is self-limited. After 3-4 days of onset, the body temperature gradually subsides and the general symptoms get better, but cough and physical recovery often take 1-2 weeks.
The clinical manifestations and complications of childhood influenza are similar to those of adults, but the incidence and complications of childhood influenza are higher, which may cause acute laryngitis, acute otitis media, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia and so on.
If the child has the flu, parents do this:
1. Children infected with influenza should be treated in isolation as soon as possible;
2. Let children pay attention to rest, drink plenty of water properly, and the diet should be easy to digest and nutritious;
3. Pay attention to window ventilation in the room to keep the air circulating;
4. When taking care of children, parents should also pay attention to their own protection (such as wearing masks, washing their hands after contact, etc.) to avoid cross-infection. Other family members should try to reduce contact with children, especially children who are not infected with the flu.
Febrile convulsion
Both hand, foot and mouth disease and influenza may have high fever, or induce "febrile convulsion". If parents handle it unscientific, they may even cause secondary injury.
Children with sudden febrile convulsions, parents should do this:
1. Parents should first keep calm;
2. On the basis of ensuring the safety of the surrounding environment, try to let the child lie on his side, keep the respiratory tract unblocked, prevent vomit, oral secretions, etc. from being accidentally inhaled into the trachea to block the respiratory tract and cause suffocation, and send him to the nearest hospital in time;
3. If you have closed teeth, don’t try to pry with your fingers or hard objects such as chopsticks and spoon handles;
4. Children with a history of recurrent febrile convulsions must be prevented in advance when they have fever again, and antipyretics and/or sedatives should be used in time.
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